Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): downregulation of specific cytokine secretion (IL-9 and IL-10) correlates with poor mastocytosis and chronic survival of adult worms

Mice were infected either with Trichinella spiralis (day 0). Heligmosomoides polygyrus (day – 14) or concurrently with both species and were killed in groups, together with naïve control mice, on 2 occasions (day 8 and 15 post infection with T. spiralis, corresponding to days 22 and 29 p.i. with H. polygyrus). The expulsion of T. spiralis was slowed significantly in concurrently infected mice and this was associated with a reduced mastocytosis and lower serum mucosal mast cell protease levels. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes from all three experimental groups secreted IL-3 and IL-4 in copious amounts when stimulated in vitro by Concanavalin A (Con-A), but the secretion of high levels of IL-9 and IL-10 was essentially confined to mice infected with T. spiralis alone. It is suggested that adult H. polygyrus selectively modulate cytokine secretion by Th2 cells within the MLN during infection and that this is brought about as a direct consequence of the mechanism employed by H. polygyrus to depress mucosal inflammatory responses in order to facilitate its own survival.     

小鼠实验感染不同种旋毛虫后血清IgG抗体水平的变化

目的观察小鼠感染不同种旋毛虫后血清IgG抗体水平的变化。方法将50只小鼠随机分成5组（每组10只），分别感染旋毛虫（T1）、乡土旋毛虫（T2）、布氏旋毛虫（T3）、伪旋毛虫（T4）及纳氏旋毛虫（T7），每只感染300条幼虫，感染后1～6周每周尾部静脉采血，6周后每2周尾部静脉采血，至感染后20周，用旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA检测血清中抗旋毛虫IgG抗体水平。结果小鼠感染旋毛虫、乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫及纳氏旋毛虫后3～5周，血清IgG抗体水平快速升高，至感染后第8周达高峰，此后旋毛虫和乡土旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平缓慢下降，布氏旋毛虫及纳氏旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平迅速下降；小鼠感染伪旋毛虫后3～5周血清IgG抗体水平快速升高，至第16周达高峰，之后缓慢下降。5种旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论5种旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平和动态变化不同；旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原可用于其他4种旋毛虫（乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫、伪旋毛虫、纳氏旋毛虫）感染的血清学诊断及流行病学调查。     

Influence of free radicals on Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of free radicals: nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H202) and superoxide anion (O2-) on Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. The studies were performed on two strains of mice: C57BL/6 and BALB/c, which differ in immunological response to T. spiralis infection. Also the influence of AG--inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) administered in the first days after T. spiralis infection (1-5 dpi) on the cytotoxic immune response and on the number of adult parasites as well as the influence of AG administered at the beginning of muscle phase of the T. spiralis infection (16-29 dpi) on the cytotoxic immune response and the number of muscle larvae was studied. Activation of macrophages can cause pathology. Contact of macrophages with antigens stimulates these cells to produce, among others, highly reactive inorganic compounds. There are free radicals: NO, H2O2 and O2-. NO, O2-, and their metabolites are highly toxic for most pathogens, including parasites. However, little is known about their role in the defense against T. spiralis infection. The performed studies have proved, that free radicals play role in the host immune response during both intestinal and muscle phase of T. spiralis infection in mice. In the intestinal phase of the T. spiralis infection cytotoxic immune response is activated in mice peritoneal cavity and in the muscle phase, the local immune response activated in the neighborhood of larvae in muscles appeared as the higher level of free radicals in blood and urine. Administration of AG between 1-5 dpi causes opposite reactions in two different strains of mice. In BALB/c mice AG causes fast expulsion of adult T. spiralis from the intestine but in C57BL/6 mice the expulsion of parasites is slower after AG. However, there are no differences between two strains of mice after treatment with AG between 16 and 29 dpi. AG causes diminution of larvae in muscles of both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Inflammatory response in peritoneal cavity is observed later during the infection in "low responders" (C57BL/6) mice in comparison with "high responders" (BALB/c) mice. Thl like mice (C57BL/6) react stronger to AG treatment than Th2 like mice (BALB/c). It occurs as changes and fluctuations in free radicals levels and the number of peritoneal cells after AG treatment in C57BL/6 mice.Weak or no reaction on AG injections in BALB/c mice is responsible for more stabile and more sufficient defense response of the host to T. spiralis infection.     

In vitro stimulation of naive mouse lymphocytes by Heligmosomoides polygyrus adult worm antigens induces the production of IgG1

The production of high levels of IgG1, by mice chronically infected with the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus , has been documented for a number of years. In order to investigate this phenomenon, naive lymphocytes from B10.D2 mice were incubated in vitro with H. polygyrus adult worm homogenate (AWH) and the culture supernatants examined for immunoglobulin production. Stimulation of pooled naive splenocytes by AWH was found to produce IgG1, but not IgM, in an antigen dose dependent manner. Identical stimulation of splenocytes of individual inbred mice, indicated that this effect was reproducible but with considerable variation between mice. When the IgG1 produced was tested for specificity, it was found that there was little evidence that the immunoglobulin produced was able to bind to the inducing parasite antigens. Analysis of purified T cells reconstituted with splenocytes, demonstrated that T cells were the target lymphocytes of the stimulating molecule, contained within AWH. These results show that H. polygyrus AWH can induce the production of non-parasite specific IgG1 from naive splenocytes and that this production is crucially dependent upon the cell content of the in vitro culture. Furthermore, the production of IgG1 is not proportional to the degree of lymphocyte proliferation. It is suggested that at least part of the hypergammaglobulinaemia produced during a primary H. polygyrus infection, is due to this non-specific stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by the parasite.     

旋毛虫成虫、新生幼虫和肌幼虫抗原的保护性免疫研究

目的：比较旋毛虫成虫抗原和肌幼虫抗原接种小鼠诱导产生的保护性免疫。方法:检查肠道成虫、肌幼虫和血液中嗜酸性细胞数;用ELISA测血清中抗旋毛虫肌幼虫IgG抗体滴度。结果：成虫、新生幼虫和肌幼虫抗 免疫组的成虫减虫率分别为82.19％、72.31％和42.88％;肌幼虫减虫率分别为68.83％、78.19％和51.96％。血清IgG抗体滴度明显升高,成虫、新生幼虫和肌幼虫抗原免疫组的GMRT分别为对照组的7.46倍、5.28倍和4.92倍。血液嗜酸性粒细胞明显增多。结论：旋毛虫成虫抗原、新生幼虫抗原均为激发特异性液免疫和细胞免疫,诱导小鼠对攻击感染产生保护性。其中,成虫抗原和新生幼虫抗原显示出更好的免疫原性,而成虫抗原有可能成为较理想的免疫疫苗来源。     

大鼠对旋毛虫再感染的抵抗力实验观察

目的 研究实验感染旋毛虫（韩国分离株）的大鼠对成虫和肌期幼虫阶段感染的保护性免疫和IgG，IgG1，IgG2a抗体反应。 方法 46只大鼠随机分为7组，其中2组（A1、A2组， 共10只）用于观察成虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，B组（B1、B2组， 共14只）用于观察肌期幼虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，C组（C1、C2组，共17只）为感染对照组，D组（5只）为正常对照组。A、B和C组分别每鼠感染1 000条旋毛虫肌幼虫，分别于感染后第7天（A1、 A2组）和第30天（B1、B2组），用氟苯咪唑治疗（20 mg/kg，10 d）。治疗后第10天，A和B组每鼠再次感染500条旋毛虫肌幼虫，于感染后第7天剖杀A1和B1组大鼠，检测肠道内成虫数，于感染后第30天剖杀A2和B2组大鼠，检测横膈膜内肌期幼虫数，同时分别剖杀感染对照组和正常对照组大鼠。每组同期取血，ELISA检测特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体水平。结果 旋毛虫成虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为100%和99.96%，肌幼虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为99.92%和99.89%。肌幼虫感染阶段抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原的特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体与正常对照组（分别为0.5、 0.1和0.1）和成虫感染阶段（分别为0.5、 0.09和0.09）比较，抗体反应均显著增高（分别为3.0、2.2和0.8）（P<0.01）。且幼虫期抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原特异性IgG1抗体（2.2）显著高于特异性IgG2a抗体（0.8）（P<0.01）。 结论 旋毛虫的成虫和肌幼虫阶段的感染均对成虫和幼虫的再感染产生保护性免疫。     

Contrasting effects of Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris antigens on the infection by Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice

The interaction of Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris derived antigens with the infection by Leishmania infantum was investigated in BALB/c mice. Infection with 10(6) promastigotes of L. infantum did not induce relevant serum antibody (IgG subclasses), nor cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-4) responses despite that mice could partially control the infection. Immunization with T. spiralis activated a moderate IgG1 and secondarily an IgG2a anti-leishmanial response whereas immunization with T. muris elicited only a weak and late activation of IgG1 anti-leishmanial response. Immunization with T. muris caused an elevation of serum IFN-gamma levels which was drastically reinforced by the L. infantum infection, and that was accompanied by almost complete parasitological cure of infected mice. Immunization with T. spiralis induced an elevation of serum IL-4 levels but this response was greatly (about 60%) neutralized by the infection with L. infantum, and this was associated to exacerbation of the infection.     

Influence of cadmium on the course of intestinal and muscular phases in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis]

At the first experiment 20 Swiss male mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 mice with 500 larvae T. spiralis per mouse. Two days after infection (d.a.i.) mice orally received 1.5 mg Cd (water solution CdCl2) each. 40 mice were infected only T. spiralis as control. At the second experiment muscle larvae used were isolated from mice (from the first experiment) which received Cd. 20 mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20-with 500 larvae per mouse. Two d.a.i. mice received 1.5 mg Cd. Mice from both experiments were killed at 5, 10, 20 and 42 d.a.i. Total number of adult T. spiralis worms present in the small intestine and muscle larvae were recovered by conventional technique. Results of the first experiment: the number of adult worms and muscle larvae recovered from mice received Cd. were statistically significant lower as in control. Results of the second experiment: the mean number of adult worms in experimental group and in control were the same but the mean number of larvae per gram of mice muscle were significant higher as in control.     

旋毛虫DNA疫苗诱导小鼠免疫应答的研究

目的　观察旋毛虫DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答。方法　将旋毛虫肌幼虫编码 31kDa抗原结构基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3-TspE1分别用肌肉注射和基因枪免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,免疫血清用旋毛虫肌幼虫冰冻切片及石蜡切片抗原进行IFAT检测 ,并用旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性抗原进行Westernblot分析。结果　IFAT表明 pcDNA3-TspE1接种BALB/c小鼠后产生的免疫血清与旋毛虫肌幼虫可产生阳性反应 ,在肌幼虫冰冻及石蜡切片上均显示黄绿色荧光。Westernblot检测结果显示 ,pcDNA3-TspE1接种小鼠后产生的免疫血清只能识别旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性抗原中的 31kDa抗原组分 ,而 pcDNA3质粒接种小鼠后的血清不能与旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性抗原发生免疫反应。结论　旋毛虫DNA疫苗 pcDNA3-TspE1能够诱导小鼠产生特异性体液免疫应答。     

The influence of the procedure of excretory-secretory L1 trichinella spiralis antigen preparation on the efficiency of an ELISA test in pigs

BACKGROUND: Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans by consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected by worms of the Trichinella genus. Every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease in Poland. The usefulness of ELISA for anti-T. spiralis IgG detection in pigs is still limited by the nature of antigen. The objective in the present study was to compare the usefulness of excretory-secretory antigens of L1 T. spiralis for the serological detection of IgG antibodies in pigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The antigens were prepared in different laboratories: Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) in Germany, Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) in Italy and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis in Poland. Conventional, Iberian pigs were infected with 200, 1000 and 20 000 muscle larvae of T. spiralis. Serum samples were obtained at 5 and 1 dbi (day before infection), and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 dpi (day post infection) and screened for specific IgG antibodies to excretory-secretory L1 T. spiralis antigens. Serum samples were obtained from the EU project TRICHIPORSE. The cut-off value of ELISA was determined on serum samples from 248 Trichinella-free pigs from Poznaii and Boza Wola, that were examined by artificial digestion. RESULTS: In pigs infected with 200 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 50 dpi, when the Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, the specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In pigs infected with 1000 LI T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG was observed from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, but when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In the group infected with the highest dose of T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) were used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis was used specific IgG were detectable from 20 dpi. The results strongly indicated that in the examined pigs, the specific IgG response against T. spiralis infection is dose dependent. Furthermore, it was shown that the high infectious dose induced earlier increasing of specific IgG response. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between OD values obtained in procedures based on the three antigens. The results were statistically repeatable for procedures and for single pigs (P<0.01).     

Efficacy of albendazole against Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis in mice.

Albendazole (Smith Kline, Beecham) in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was given to B6C3F1 mice exposed to 300 larvae of T. pseudospiralis or T. spiralis. The drug was introduced on days 2, 3 and 4; or 4, 5 and 6; or 18, 19 and 20 after infection. It limited the intensity of intestinal and muscle phases of trichinellosis. Given at the stage of maturation of adult forms and production of new-born larvae, the drug caused almost total elimination of both species from the intestines of mice and a decrease in the numbers of muscle larvae, with a tendency towards a greater reduction of larvae and adults of T. pseudospiralis. The drug did not change the course of infection when given at the phase of infectivity of larvae.     

Establishment of T-Helper-2 immune response based gerbil model of enteric infection

BACKGROUND: The reciprocal antagonism of T-helper-1 (Th-1) and Th-2 type immune responses suggests that helminth parasitic infection may ameliorate disease where a Th-1 type response dominates. The Mongolian gerbil has been useful in the investigation of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, since long-term infection of gerbils with Helicobacter pylori induces adenocarcinoma. In this study the kinetics of worm expulsion and associated immune responses in gerbils infected with Trichinella spiralis were investigated in an attempt to establish an animal model of parasitic infection that could be helpful when investigating the effect of a Th-2 type response on Th-1-based intestinal disorders. METHODS: Gerbils were infected with various doses of infective T. spiralis larvae and were euthanized on different days after infection to investigate the intestinal worm recovery, goblet cell population, eosinophil response and serum IgG1 responses. RESULTS: The number of worms recovered from the intestine was dependent on the number of larvae used for the infection. Almost all worms were expelled spontaneously by day 26 post-infection, when the gerbils had been infected with 375 or 750 larvae. The number of intestinal goblet cells, eosinophils and the serum IgG1 level significantly increased following infection compared with the control. CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive report on the time-course of T. spiralis infection in gerbils. The data indicate that the T. spiralis-infected gerbil could be used as a model of the Th-2-based response to investigate the effect of a parasite-induced Th-2 response on various Th-1-mediated intestinal disorders such as H. pylori-induced gastritis and gastric carcinoma.     

旋毛虫感染病兔抗体动态的研究

以旋毛虫成囊期幼虫的盐水浸出液为抗原，用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测人工感染旋毛虫病兔ＩｇＧ抗体的反应动态。结果表明：１，特异性抗体水平与感染度呈正相关且重感染组的特异性抗体比轻感染组早３ｄ检出。２．抗体水平随感染时间的延长而增高，从感染后７７ｄ起明显下降但可持续４个月之久。     

旋毛虫幼虫在大鼠与小鼠肌肉分布及囊包内幼虫数量的观察

目的观察不同剂量旋毛虫感染大鼠与小鼠后幼虫在肌肉内的分布及囊包内的幼虫数量。方法将30只昆明小鼠和30只SD大鼠均随机分为轻、中、重度感染组(每组10只),分别按每g克体重1、5、20条肌幼虫经口感染。感染后42d剖杀,取不同部位肌肉称重后压片镜检,观察不同部位每克肌肉虫荷(larvaepergram,lpg)及囊包内幼虫数量。结果大鼠在轻度感染时以咬肌虫荷最高,中、重度感染时分别以膈肌和舌肌虫荷最高;小鼠在轻度感染时以咬肌虫荷最高,中、重度感染时均以膈肌虫荷最高。在大鼠肌肉8028个囊包中,含1、2、3条幼虫的囊包分别占97.91%、1.95%及0.14%;在小鼠肌肉7559个囊包中,含1、2、3条幼虫的囊包分别占97.33%、2.54%及0.13%。小鼠肌肉多幼虫(2～3条)囊包的检出率明显高于大鼠(χ2=5.644,P<0.05)。多幼虫囊包的检出率在大鼠和小鼠均随感染剂量的增加而升高(χ2大鼠=42.656,P<0.05;χ2小鼠=45.713,P<0.05);在含3条幼虫囊包的肌肉,重度感染的大鼠和小鼠肌肉分别占81.82%(9/11)与100%(10/10)。未发现含有4条及4条以上幼虫的囊包。结论对鼠类旋毛虫感染的流行病学调查时应首选咬肌进行病原学检查,其次为膈肌或舌肌;进行肌肉活检或肉类检疫时发现含3条幼虫的囊包提示为重度感染。     

旋毛虫感染小鼠膈肌虫荷与血清及肉汁抗体水平的研究

目的观察旋毛虫感染小鼠膈肌虫荷(larvae per gram diaphragm,lpgd)与血清及肉汁抗体水平的关系。方法将32只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成4组(每组8只),每只分别感染50(A组)、100(B组)、300(C组)、500条(D组)旋毛虫幼虫,感染后42d剖杀,收集血清及肉汁,观察膈肌虫荷并用旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA检测血清及肉汁抗体。另将50只小鼠随机分成5组(每组10只),每组分别感染旋毛虫(T1)、乡土旋毛虫(T2)、布氏旋毛虫(T3)、伪旋毛虫(T4)及纳氏旋毛虫(T7),每只感染500条幼虫,感染后42d剖杀,观察感染不同种旋毛虫小鼠的膈肌虫荷与血清及肉汁抗体水平。结果感染旋毛虫的A、B、C、D4组小鼠的膈肌虫荷与血清及肉汁抗体水平均无相关性(P>0.05),但与感染剂量呈正相关(P<0.05),每组小鼠的血清与肉汁抗体水平也均具有相关性(P<0.05)。5种旋毛虫感染小鼠的膈肌虫荷与血清及肉汁抗体水平相比均无相关性(P>0.05),但血清与肉汁抗体水平相比均具有相关性(P<0.05)。旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清及肉汁抗体水平明显高于其他4种旋毛虫(乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫、伪旋毛虫及纳氏旋毛虫)感染小鼠的血清和肉汁抗体水平(P<0.05)。结论旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原可用于其他4种旋毛虫(乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫、伪旋毛虫、纳氏旋毛虫)感染小鼠血清及肉汁中抗旋毛虫抗体的检测。     

人工消化法检验旋毛虫效果及其对肌幼虫的影响

目的观察人工消化法检验旋毛虫的效果及对肌幼虫活性、感染性的影响。方法将小鼠感染100条肌幼虫后30 d剖杀,分别应用3组消化法检验,即：消化2 h组（磁力搅拌法）、消化12 h组、消化20 h组,每组取肉样10份,每份含300个囊包,消化后分别计数每份肉样的幼虫数;同时对幼虫活性进行观察。40只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组和3个消化组（消化2、12、20 h组）,共4组,每组10只。对照组：每鼠感染100个囊包;消化组：将3组方法收集的幼虫分别感染小鼠,每鼠经口感染100条幼虫。感染后30 d剖杀,取膈肌压片镜检,并用磁力搅拌法收集幼虫、计数。结果消化2、12、20 h组的幼虫检出率分别为78.47%、76.73%、68.63%,死亡率分别为0.59%、4.60%、7.43%。3组收集的幼虫分别感染小鼠,30 d后剖杀,与对照组相比,消化2、12、20 h组的减虫率分别为60.56%、61.94%、73.07%。结论磁力搅拌法（消化2 h）在幼虫检出率、幼虫活性、幼虫感染性等方面均优于消化12、20 h实验组,为进行旋毛虫检验和动物实验,优先选择的方法。     

旋毛虫成虫抗原的免疫保护性研究

目的 比较旋毛虫成虫虫体抗原、排泄分泌抗原和表面抗原对小鼠产生的免疫保护作用。 方法 检查免疫鼠和对照鼠肠道成虫、肌幼虫和血液中的嗜酸性粒细胞数;用ELISA测血清中抗旋毛虫肌幼虫IgG抗体滴度。 结果旋毛虫成虫虫体抗原、排泄分泌抗原和表面抗原免疫组的成虫减虫率分别为84.48％、89.98％和85.16％;肌幼虫减虫率分别为69.82％、78.80％和73.94％。3种抗原免疫组小鼠血中的嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数明显增多,血清中IgG抗体滴度明显升高,IgG抗体的几何平均倒数滴度(GMRT)分别是未免疫组的6.96、7.99和6.06倍。 结论 旋毛虫成虫虫体抗原、排泄分泌抗原和表面抗原均能诱导宿主产生较强的抗攻击感染保护力,且可激发特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫。成虫的排泄分泌抗原显示出更强的免疫原性。     

旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠免疫保护作用的比较研究

目的　比较旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法　收集人工感染大鼠小肠内的成虫, 经研磨和冻融制备成虫可溶性抗原。采用体外培养的方法从培养液中提取旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原。分别用两种抗原免疫小鼠, 间隔１ 周共免疫３ 次, 末次免疫后１ 周, 每只小鼠攻击感染１００ 条旋毛虫感染性肌肉幼虫。感染后１ 周检查小鼠小肠内成虫数量和雌虫生殖力, 感染后５ 周检查肌肉幼虫负荷。结果　成虫可溶性抗原诱导的成虫减虫率、新生幼虫减虫率和肌肉幼虫减虫率分别为７９５５ ％ 、６２２５ ％ 和６５０ ％ 。成虫排泄分泌抗原诱导的成虫减虫率、新生幼虫减虫率和肌肉幼虫减虫率分别是９７２７ ％ 、８６６０ ％ 和９００ ％ 。结论　实验结果表明旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和成虫排泄分泌抗原均能够诱导宿主产生较强的抗攻击感染的免疫力, 但后者的免疫原性更强。     

旋毛虫编码新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白对小鼠的免疫保护性研究

目的 探讨旋毛虫编码新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白WN10对小鼠的免疫保护性。方法 将纯化的重组融合蛋白WN10以20μg/只的剂量分3次免疫小鼠后，攻击感染旋毛虫肌幼虫200条／只，检查旋毛虫7日龄成虫数、雌虫体外产生新生幼虫数、感染35d的肌幼虫数并计算减虫率，同时用ELISA法检测血清中抗WN10抗体IgG滴度。结果WN10免疫小鼠后获得旋毛虫7日龄成虫、肌幼虫的减虫率分别为64．28％和61．21％，均与感染对照组和佐剂对照组差异显著；获得雌虫产新生幼虫的减虫率为16．46％，与感染对照组和佐剂对照组差异不显著；WN10免疫组小鼠在第3次免疫后1周可检测到高滴度的抗WN10抗体IgG，在攻击感染旋毛虫9周后仍维持在较高水平。结论 编码旋毛虫新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白可诱导小鼠产生较强的抗旋毛虫保护性免疫。     

Genetic control of immunity to parasites. Infection with Trichinella spiralis in inbred and congenic mice showing rapid and slow responses to infection

Summary Strain variation in the response of inbred mice to infection with Trichinella spiralis was reflected in the length of survival of the adult worms, their fecundity and in the number of muscle larvae acquired. Three strains, NIH, SWR and DBA₁ (all H2^q), responded rapidly, expelled most of the adult worms within 12 days and had relatively low burdens of muscle larvae. B10 mice (H2^b) and five related strains (B10.G (H2^q), B10.BR (H2^k), B10.AKM (H2^d), B10.AKM (H2^m) and B10.T(6R) (H2^y2)) responded slowly, retaining adults for more than 12 days and acquiring heavy muscle burdens. The slow response of B10 mice was evident in both old and young mice, in primary and secondary infections and was inherited as a recessive characteristic. No evidence was obtained that slow responsiveness resulted from suppressor cell activity. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of genes located within and without the major histocompatibility complex.