全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于胸、上腹部癌症根治术

目的观察全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对胸、上腹部癌症手术病人循环、苏醒、躁动发生的影响。方法42例择期行胸、上腹部癌症手术的病人随机分为两组:全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(Ⅰ组)和单纯全麻组(Ⅱ组),每组21例。分别测定麻醉前、插管后、探查时、术中2 h、拔管后,SBP、DBP及HR的变化及全麻药用量,术毕观察苏醒时间及躁动情况。结果术中监测时段的SBP、DBP、HR、Ⅰ组均较Ⅱ组低且平衡,Ⅰ组插管后心率有减慢趋势,Ⅱ组则无明显变化(P>0.05),Ⅰ组术中SBP、DBP均明显低于术前(P<0.01),拔管后恢复到术前水平,Ⅱ组插管后DBP下降(P<0.05),但术中BP无明显改变,拔管后BP较术前显著升高(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组全麻药用量和术后躁动例数明显低于对照组,而苏醒时间也明显小于对照组。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于胸、上腹部癌症手术病人循环状态稳定,应激反应小,是一安全可行的麻醉方法。     

喉罩与气管插管在全麻或复合硬膜外阻滞时的心率和血压改变

目的比较喉罩与气管插管用于全麻或全麻复合硬膜外阻滞患者的HR和BP变化.方法妇科手术80例,随机分为全麻气管插管(T)组、全麻喉罩(L)组、硬膜外阻滞 全麻气管插管(ET)组、硬膜外阻滞 全麻喉罩(EL)组,每组20例.硬膜外阻滞用1%利多卡因 0.15%丁卡因.全麻诱导咪唑安定2 mg、芬太尼0.2 mg、丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg、琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg后插气管导管或喉罩.全麻维持50%N2O O2 异氟醚,静注阿曲库铵、芬太尼.于麻醉前(基础,入室静卧10 min后)、插管后1 min、切皮、进腹探查后5 min、拔管后1 min记录MAP、SpO2、HR、PETCO2.结果插管时HR和MAP均低于基础值,而两组喉罩HR低于插气管导管者,硬膜外复合全麻喉罩组MAP低于气管插管组.切皮时两组全麻MAP高于复合硬膜外组.探查时两组复合硬膜外者HR和MAP均低于基础值,且MAP低于单纯全麻者(P＜0.05).拔管时各组HR均显著高于基础值,MAP未复合硬膜外者显著高于基础值.结论(1)插喉罩对BP和HR的影响不如气管导管剧烈;(2)复合硬膜外阻滞时气管插管或喉罩置入应激反应轻,也可减轻探查时的BP波动.     

胆道手术全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉围拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

目的 探讨全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉对胆道手术病人围拔管期心血管反应的影响。方法 ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期胆道手术患者40例,随机分成两组：Ⅰ组20例,采用单纯全麻;Ⅱ组采用全麻复合硬膜外麻。观察并记录两组术前、拔管前5 m in、拔管、拔管后5 m in的SBP、DBP、HR。结果Ⅰ组在围拔管期各时点、Ⅱ组在拔管时SBP、DBP、HR较术前显著升高（P〈0.01）;组间比较,Ⅱ组围拔管期各时点SBP、DBP、HR均低于与Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）,全麻用药量也少于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）。结论 全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉有利于维持胆道手术病人围拔管期血流动力学的相对稳定。     

全麻复合高位硬膜外阻滞对冠心病病人肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的影响

目的比较观察冠心病病人行胸部手术时采用全麻复合高位硬膜外阻滞能否减轻心肌的损伤.方法 32例冠心病病人随机分为两组,每组16例,Ⅰ组为安氟醚复合高位硬膜外阻滞;Ⅱ组为单纯安氟醚麻醉.两组病人入室后测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP).Ⅰ组病人在行安氟醚全麻前行T3～4或T4～5硬膜外麻醉,5 min后开始诱导插管,安氟醚全麻;Ⅱ组病人直接行安氟醚全麻.两组病人在诱导前和诱导插管后8 h分别抽取血样测定肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.结果Ⅰ组病人插管后1、5 min及拔管时HR、MAP比麻醉前低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组病人比麻醉前高(P＜0.05),两组病人插管后1、5 min及拔管时HR、MAP相比有显著差异(P＜0.05).两组病人插管后8 h cTnI浓度均高于诱导前(P＜0.05),但Ⅰ组插管后8 h cTnI浓度比Ⅱ组为低(P＜0.05).结论全麻复合高位硬膜外阻滞麻醉能够减轻冠心病病人手术期的心肌损伤.     

Narcotrend监测下硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在老年病人腹部手术中的应用

目的比较Narcotrend监测下硬膜外阻滞复合全麻和单纯全麻用于老年病人腹部手术的临床效果,探讨老年腹部手术病人更安全合理的麻醉方式。方法 40例ASAⅡ～Ⅲ择期行腹部手术的老年病人,随机分为硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组(EGA)和单纯全麻组(GA),每组20例。两组全麻诱导用药为舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg、顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.2 mg/kg,气管插管后微泵持续输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼及间断静注顺苯磺阿曲库铵维持麻醉,术中行Narcotrend监测并使Narcotrend分级(NTS)维持在D0～D2之间。EGA组全麻诱导前先行硬膜外穿刺置管,注入试验剂量1.3%利多卡因3 ml,气管插管后硬膜外追加1.3%利多卡因6～8 ml,再以0.375%罗哌卡因5～8 ml/次维持硬膜外阻滞。术中监测血流动力学变化,术毕记录两组病人全麻维持用药量和病人睁眼时间、拔管时间及定位功能恢复时间等。结果 EGA组术中收缩压低于GA组(P<0.05);术中麻醉用药比较,EGA组丙泊酚及顺苯磺阿曲库铵用量少于GA组(P<0.05),EGA组瑞芬太尼用量明显少于GA组(P<0.01);恢复时间比较,EGA组病人睁眼时间、拔管时间、定位功能恢复时间均明显短于GA组(P<0.01);两组病人均无术中知晓发生。结论硬膜外阻滞复合全麻用于老年病人腹部手术血流动力学稳定,全麻药用量减少,病人恢复较快,是一种安全可行的麻醉方法,同时进行麻醉深度监测,有利于预防术中知晓。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在上腹部手术中的应用

观察硬膜外阻滞加气管内全麻（简称GA＋Epi）和单纯气管内全麻（简称GA）用于上腹部手术、30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ患者随机分成GA组和GA＋Epi组，两组性别、年龄、体重及手术时间无显著差异，全麻用药相同。两组于麻醉前、气管插管后、术中、技管后进行MAP、HR、RR和SPO2监测。结果表明：GA＋Epi组插管后及术中MAP、HR波动小，相对稳定，与GA组有显著性差异（P＜0．01），全麻复合硬膜外阻滞可使全麻用药量减少，气管技管时间提前，且硬膜外阻滞术后有较好的止痛作用，明显减轻麻醉诱导气管插管期间及术中刺激的应激反应。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用

目的 比较全麻复合硬膜外阻滞(CGEA)与全麻(GA)在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的麻醉效果.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜下行全子宫切除手术的患者,随机均分为GA组与CGEA组.GA组麻醉维持用丙泊酚、维库溴铵和异氟醚吸入;CGEA组应用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞.记录全麻药用量、术中血流动力学变化、手术时间、术毕苏醒时间及术后躁动情况.术中由手术医师对子宫松弛度进行评级,分为优、良、差三级.结果 GA组术中MAP高于、HR快于CA3EA组(P<0.05).两组患者手术开始后各时点的血糖较诱导前均显著升高,CGEA组血糖浓度均低于GA组,子宫松弛度优于GA组(P<0.01).GA组丙泊酚、维库溴铵及异氟醚用量均大于CGEA组(P<0.01).结论 与单纯GA比较,CGEA有利于抑制腹腔镜手术中的应激反应,使全麻药用量减少,苏醒及拔管时间缩短,子宫松弛满意,利于手术操作.     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的体会

目的观察全麻复合硬膜外麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者50例。随机分为单纯全麻组(A组)和全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉组(B组)。每组25例,A组用咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg,维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg,芬太尼4μg/kg,丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg行全麻诱导。B组于全麻前于T8~9椎间隙穿刺成功后向头端置管4 cm。用2%利多卡因做试验量,确定硬膜外麻醉平面后,按A组方法行全麻诱导插管,两组插管后麻醉机维持呼吸。VT8~10 ml/kg,RR 12~14次/min,I∶E=1∶2,麻醉维持:A组术中1%~2%安氟醚吸入,间断静推维库溴铵、芬太尼维持麻醉。B组经硬膜外导管给予1%利多卡因8~10 ml不等,并用0.5%~0.8%安氟醚吸入,间断静注维库溴铵维持麻醉。术中记录两组患者麻醉维持用药量、术毕清醒时间、患者自主呼吸恢复吸入空气SpO2达90%的时间,两组患者诱导前(T1)、CO2气腹前(T2)和CO2气腹后5 min(T3),放气后5 min(T4)的MAP、HR和PETCO2。结果两组患者术中麻醉维持用药量相比较差异有统计学意义。B组安氟醚吸入浓度明显低于A组(P<0.05)。B组维库溴铵用量只有A组的52%,B组术毕清醒只需13 min,和A组24 min相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不同时点MAP,HR,PETCO2与T1比较,A组在T3时MAP,HR显著增高(P<0.05)。而B组各时点MAP,HR差异无统计学意义。组间比较,A组T3时MAP,HR显著高于B组同时点(P<0.05)。两组T3时PETCO2显著高于T1时(P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外麻醉能减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应激反应,使各项生命体征更加平稳,是腹腔镜胆囊切除术理想的麻醉方法。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于高龄患者腹腔镜直肠癌手术的观察

为评价全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在高龄患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中对循环功能及用药量的影响,选择70岁以上择期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者40例,ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级,随机分为全麻组（G组）20例;全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组（GA组）20例。两组全麻诱导方法：咪哒唑仑0．04mg／kg,芬太尼3μg／kg,依托咪酯0．2～0．3mg／kg,顺阿曲库胺0．15～0．20mg／kg。GA组于诱导前取L1-2硬膜外腔穿刺置管,注入0．5％罗哌卡因5ml。术中每2h追加5～7ml。诱导前以PhilipsMP40监测仪监测平均动脉压（MAP）,心率（HR）,心电图（ECG）等生命体征,同时记录全麻用药量及术中知晓、术后躁动情况。结果显示,GA组气腹后,气管插管拔除前MAP、HR明显低于G组（P〈0．05）;GA组七氟烷用药浓度,顺阿曲库胺用药量低于G组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,高龄患者在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中应用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,可使患者术中循环稳定,全麻用药量减少,是一种安全可行的麻醉方法。     

硬膜外阻滞复合喉罩通气与气管插管全麻在妇科腹腔镜手术中的对比研究

目的:对比硬膜外阻滞复合喉罩通气与气管插管全麻(general anesthesia,GA)在妇科腹腔镜手术中的麻醉效果。方法:选择100例ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级行择期妇科腹腔镜手术的患者,随机分为两组,每组50例,联合组应用硬膜外阻滞复合喉罩通气全麻,GA组麻醉维持采用丙泊酚、维库溴胺及异氟醚吸入。术式包括盆腔淋巴结清扫术、子宫全/次切除术及其他较复杂的妇科腹腔镜手术。记录全麻药物用量、术中血流动力学变化、手术时间、术毕苏醒时间及术后躁动情况。术中由手术医师对腹壁肌松度及腹腔压力或阴道松弛度进行评级,分优、良、差3级。结果:GA组术中MAP高于联合组,HR快于LGE组(P<0.05);GA组丙泊酚、维库溴胺及异氟醚用量均大于联合组(P<0.01)。结论:与单纯GA相比,硬膜外阻滞复合喉罩通气利于抑制腹腔镜术中应激反应,全麻用药量减少,术毕苏醒时间及拔管时间明显缩短,腹壁及阴道松弛度良好,是妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉的理想选择。     

腰奇穴麻醉与腰俞穴麻醉、局部麻醉临床对比试验研究

为探索一种安全可靠用于肛门会阴和直肠下段手术较理想的穴位麻醉方法,采用随机单盲分组系统观察了腰奇穴麻醉试验组100例,腰俞穴麻醉（对照1组）与局部麻醉（对照2组）各100例,应用于肛肠科手术麻醉。结果试验组与对照l组比较在同等用药剂量下其麻醉效果前者优于后者,与对照2组比较则局部麻醉痛苦大（多次穿刺）,且不宜用于高位脓肿和肛瘘根治术的麻醉。结果表明,腰奇穴麻醉具有选穴定位准确,操作简便容易掌握,用药量少,麻醉时间长,毒副作用小,使用安全的优点,是用于肛肠科手术较理想的麻醉方法。     

PPH术中应用蛛网膜下腔麻醉与硬膜外麻醉的效果比较

为观察PPH术中应用蛛网膜下腔麻醉与硬膜外麻醉的效果,将行PPH治疗的重度痔患者80例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例.对照组患者采用蛛网膜下腔麻醉,观察组患者采用硬膜外麻醉,比较2组患者手术情况、麻醉感觉阻滞情况、麻醉效果、运动阻滞情况及不良反应.结果显示,2组患者手术情况、麻醉感觉阻滞情况比较差异无统计学意义(P...     

Musculoskeletal Sonopathology and Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia

The use of real-time ultrasound guidance has revolutionized the practice of regional anesthesia. Ultrasound is rapidly becoming the technique of choice for nerve blockade due to increased success rates, faster onset, and potentially improved safety. In the course of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia, unexpected pathology may be encountered. Such anomalous or pathological findings may alter the choice of nerve block and occasionally affect surgical management. This case series presents a variety of musculoskeletal conditions that may be encountered during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia practice.     

Priming of Anesthesia Circuit with Xenon for Closed Circuit Anesthesia

Abstract: Xenon is an inert gas with a practical anesthetic potency (1 MAC = 71%). Because it is very expensive, the use of closed circuit anesthesia technique is ideal for the conduction of xenon anesthesia. Here we describe our methods of starting closed circuit anesthesia without excessive waste of xenon gas. We induce anesthesia with intravenous agents, and after endotracheal intubation, denitrogenate the patient for approximately 30 min with a high flow of oxygen. This is done to minimize accumulation of nitrogen in the anesthesia circuit during the subsequent closed-circuit anesthesia with xenon. Anesthesia is maintained with an inhalational anesthetic during this period. Then, we discontinue the inhalational agent and start xenon. For this transition, we feel it is unacceptable to simply administer xenon at a high flow until the desired endtidal concentration is reached because it is too costly. Instead. we set up another machine with its circuit filled in advance (i.e., primed) with at least 60% xenon in oxygen and switch the patient to this machine. To prime the circuit, we push xenon using a large syringe into a circuit, which was prefilled with oxygen. Oxygen inside the circuit is pushed out before it is mixed with xenon, and xenon waste will thus be minimized. In this way, we can achieve close to 1 MAC from the beginning of xenon anesthesia, and thereby minimize the risk of light anesthesia and awareness during transition from deni-trogenation to closed-circuit xenon anesthesia.     

硬膜外与全麻用于全髋置换术围手术期出血量的比较

本文以同一原发病的男性40例且由同一术者施术的全髋置换术(THR)为对象,应用硬膜外麻醉(E组)和气管内插管全身麻醉(G组)对其围术期的血液出入进行对照比较.两组平均手术时间均为120min,出血量和手术时间呈正相相关(P<0.01).术中出血量两组间无明显差别,围术期总出血量E组为1630±80ml,G组为1380±62ml,以E组明显居多,故此主张THR以选用全麻施术为宜.     

麻醉与术后搔痒

术后搔痒是ICU面临的一个重要问题,它可能与麻醉用药(包括鞘内应用阿片药物)有关,目前尚未阐明术后搔痒的发生机制.现就目前麻醉与术后搔痒的新进展进行综述.对于术后搔痒的病人,需要进一步进行基础与临床研究,为制定更好的治疗和预防方案提供依据.     

Effect of Time on Clinical Efficacy of Topical Anesthesia

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time on the clinical efficacy of topical anesthetic in reducing pain from needle insertion alone as well as injection of anesthetic. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-mouth, clinical trial which enrolled 90 subjects, equally divided into 3 groups based upon time (2, 5, or 10 minutes) of topical anesthetic (5% lidocaine) application. Each group was further subdivided into 2: needle insertion only in the palate or needle insertion with deposition of anesthetic (0.5 mL 3% mepivacaine plain). Each subject received drug on one side and placebo on the other. Subjects recorded pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). The results showed that for needle insertion only, 5% lidocaine reduced pain as determined by a significant difference in mean VAS after 2 minutes (20.1 mm, P < .002), 5 minutes (15.7 mm, P < .022), and 10 minutes (13.7 mm, P < .04), as analyzed by paired t tests. For needle insertion plus injection of local anesthetic, a significant difference in mean VAS was noted only after 10 minutes (14.9 mm, P < .031), yet pain scores for both topical anesthetic and placebo were elevated at this time point resulting in no reduction in actual pain. Time of application did not result in a significant difference in effect for either needle insertion only or needle insertion plus injection of local anesthetic, as analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In conclusion, topical anesthetic reduces pain of needle insertion if left on palatal mucosa for 2, 5, or 10 minutes, but has no clinical pain relief for anesthetic injection.