村卫生室建设与管理对实施PHC的影响

本研究先后对５１个初级卫生保健试点县的工作进行评价，用单因素和多因素统计方法对调查数据进行分析，结果显示：达标县与未达标县在村卫生室建设与管理上差异有显著性；在各项指标对达标影响程度分析中发现，村卫生室建设与管理对达标影响很大，是重要的指标。村卫生室建设是农村初级卫生保健的基础工程，它对农村合作医疗、卫生防疫、妇幼保健、健康教育、爱国卫生运动、常见病的防治等会产生直接影响，要实现“ＨＦＡ／２０００”就必须重视村卫生室的建设与管理，提高集体办村卫生室和甲级村卫生室的比例，充分发挥这一基础工程（网底）的作用。     

绍兴县实施初级卫生保健的做法和体会

浙江省绍兴县是在1990年开始实施初级卫生保健工作的。经过两代多的努力,农村三级医疗预防保健网得到了巩固与发展。村卫生室覆盖率从59.9％提高到96.48％,其中,集体办的村卫生室从不足10％,提高到59.8％;乡村医生达到每千农村人口1.1名,比实施PHC前增加了0.4名;集资医疗保健覆盖率达97.83％,其中,实行合医合药的集资医疗保健为     

浅谈农村集资医疗保健制度的适宜模式

为了探讨在广大农村普及集资医疗保健制度的有效形式和途径,最近我们用一个月时间对准阴市11个县(市)的村卫生室医疗保健制度状况进行了调查。一、调查方法这次调查是结合1990年准阴市初级卫生保健工作评价进行的。具体方法是:1、听取各县(市)卫生局的回报,     

河南省把改厕作为农村卫生工作的重点来抓

农村改厕工作是实施初级卫生保健工作的重点、难点。河南省卫生厅在省政府的大力支持下,以改厕作为初级卫生保健的突破口,集中力量在全省农村推广“双瓮漏斗式”卫生厕所,争取按期实现《我国农村实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标》中关于卫生厕所的指标要求。     

发挥乡（镇）卫生院的作用搞好村级卫生组织建设

村级卫生组织是农村医疗卫生网的“网底”,是开展农村医疗保健工作的基础。在实施初级卫生保健、普及村卫生室过程中,我们感到不少乡(镇)卫生院对抓好村卫生室的建设存在着种种顾虑,行动不积极。有的认为现在乡卫生院业务还吃不饱,村卫生室办不办无所谓;有的医务人员怕乡村医生水平越高,“自己饭碗越难保”。分析研究     

农村初级卫生保健工作难点与突破

初保工作难点是集体办医和集资医疗、改水改厕、儿童与孕产妇系统管理、甲级村卫生室建设。我们采取积极措施，攻克这些难点，促使初保工作向前发展。1996年12月，我区农村初级卫生保健工作顺利通过省级审评，实现基本合格。l坚持集体办医，促进甲级村卫生室建设“七五”期间，我们重点开展了村卫生室整顿和乡镇卫生院“四配套”建设。经过整顿，合格的村卫生室发给行医许可证。到1990年末，我区集体办村卫生室已基本形成，覆盖率达100％。1994年4月，区委区政府提出，用3年时间在全区基本实现小康目标。我们紧紧抓住这一机遇，请区委区政府…     

村级卫生组织的建设与管理

农村村级卫生组织,各地名称不一,有“村卫生所”、“村卫生室”、“村医疗站”、“村保健站”等等,按照卫生部的要求,统一称为村卫生室。1 村卫生室的地位、性质与功能村卫生室是农村三级医疗预防保健同最基层的一级卫生组织,即三级网的“网底”,是农村实施初级卫生保健,开展各项卫生服务的基地,是农村居民群众最初利用卫生服务的“第一接触点”,即农村居民卫生保健     

我国农村实现“HFA／2000”规划普及阶段中期审评结果的初步分析（摘要）

进入普及阶段以来,在卫生部领导下,各省(自治区、直辖市)在广泛开展初级卫生保健工作的基础上,组织了初级卫生保健审评工作,对普及阶段和试点阶段的县进行审评。1995年6月国家五部委对全国农村初级卫生保健试点阶段和普及阶段的试点县进行了全国复核审评。卫生部医政司、卫生部卫生统计信息中心和北京医科大学卫生管理干部培训中心共同对审评数     

贵州省综合试点项目县村级卫生服务现状调查

村级卫生服务是初级卫生保健的基础,村级卫生服务的规范与质量将直接影响农民对卫生服务的利用,本次对贵州省１０个综合试点项目县级卫生服务的现状调查表明,每村至少已有１个已有１个村卫生室,有１－２名村医负责１０００－２０００人口的卫生服务,但村医的学历和持证上岗率有待提高,其中医疗保健服务条件尚需努力改善。     

论农村初级卫生保健之立足点

在农村开展初级卫生保健,关键是选准立足点,建立起“根据地”。只有这样才抓住了主要矛盾,牵庄了“牛鼻子”,然后发扬光大,全面普及,惠及众生。1、村卫生室是农村实施初级卫生保健的立足点。行政村卫生室是三级医疗预防保健网的基础,是初级卫生保健同人民群众的直接接触点和前哨。     

The qualification period

For randomized trials that do not require prompt onset of therapy, a pre-admission preparation, called the qualification period, can deal with certain customary difficulties in design, analysis, and ethics. For the patients' baseline state, the qualification period can be used to "wash out" effects of previous treatment, to verify admission criteria, and to identify or stratify suitable prognostic indicators. For treatment, the qualification period can be used to test and adjust therapeutic dosages, to exclude placebo responders, and to confirm early responsiveness to long-term active therapy. For intention-to-treat analyses, the qualification period can allow special stratifications for patients who are therapeutically difficult to regulate or who comply imperfectly. By offering the cited improvements as well as a brief "pilot exposure" for each patient, the qualification period can also enhance the "informed consent" and general ethics of a trial.     

The correlation between heart period variability and mean period length.

Heart rate variability and heart period variability are important indicators of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system and are strong predictors of survival after myocardial infarction. The standard deviation of a patient's series of normal heart periods (consecutive normal RR intervals) is positively and, in some populations, strongly correlated with the mean period length. This phenomenon has led some investigators to use the coefficient of variation as their measure of variability, because it correlates less strongly with the mean period length. Using data from a multicentre post-infarction natural history study, we show that the standard deviation of the instantaneous heart rates has, like the coefficient of variation, only a modest correlation with the mean period length. Unlike the coefficient of variation, however, this standard deviation is derivable from established statistical principles. We show further that the coefficient of variation, the standard deviation of heart rates, and the standard deviation of heart periods are approximately equally strong predictors of survival after myocardial infarction.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎潜伏期分析

目的掌握新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜伏期,分析不同年龄、性别和临床类型的病例潜伏期有无差异.方法选取聚集性疫情中53例具有明确单源一次暴露史的患者,运用中位数、众数、四分位数间距及圆形分布法计算潜伏期.并运用x2检验分析不同流行病学特征病例潜伏期有无差异.结果53例患者中最短潜伏期0 d,最长潜伏期18 d,其中50例患者潜伏...     

The incubation period of kuru

BACKGROUND: Kuru is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that was identified in Papua New Guinea in the late 1950s. Several thousand cases of the disease occurred during a period of several decades. Epidemiologic investigations implicated ritual endocannibalistic funeral feasts as the likely route through which the infectious agent was spread. METHODS: We estimated the incubation period distribution of kuru using a back-calculation model and explored the relation among sex, age at infection, and incubation period. Key assumptions in the model were that the number of new kuru infections in a year was proportional to the number of kuru cases dying that year, and that the epidemic arose from a single case of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease occurring around 1900. RESULTS: The mean incubation period of kuru was estimated at between 10.3 and 13.2 years. Point estimates of the 90th percentile ranged from 21.1 to 27.0 years. The incubation period in females was estimated to be shorter than that in males. The shortest incubation periods were estimated in adult women, who may have been exposed to the largest doses of infectious material. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the relatively young age of cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease probably reflects increased levels of exposure in young people, rather than age-dependency in the incubation period.     

婴儿期的喂养方式对学龄前期龋病的影响

本文对363名学龄前期儿童龋病发生情况,与其婴儿期喂养方式的关系做了探讨.结果表明,母乳喂养组小儿的患龋率及受检者龋均分别为55.97%及1.57.而非母乳喂养组小儿的患龋率及受检者龋均分别为79.41%及2.69.说明婴儿期实行母乳喂养,对学龄前期龋病的防治有一定作用.