钢铁工业工人减寿分析

用减寿分析指标分析钢铁职工１９７１－１９８４年的死亡资料。结果表明，恶性肿瘤，循环系疾病，中毒与外伤是影响该职业人群寿命的前３位死因，其减寿率分别为２３％，２０．２％，１３．１％。该人群肝癌，胃癌减寿率显著高于辽宁省城城市居民。在不同职业接触中，疾病对职工寿命影响不同，接尘组矽肺是影响工人寿命的主要疾病，接毒组肺癌对工人寿命影响较大。用工作年限损失评价各种死因对职业人群的危害，可反映疾病对工作...     

安徽省寿县2005～2009年居民死亡原因分析

目的探讨安徽省寿县居民死因状况及规律,为政府制定卫生规划和疾病预防控制策略提供科学的依据。方法收集2005~2009年寿县居民死亡及人口监测资料。按国际疾病分类法ICD-10标准进行分类分析。用2000年全国人口构成进行标化率计算,进一步计算各种死亡疾病的减寿率。结果 2005~2009年安徽省寿县居民年平均死亡率为544.87/10万,标化死亡率491.21/10万,前5位死因分别为脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系病、心脏病及损伤中毒;死亡率分别为145.58/10万,138.67/10万,73.81/10万,68.85/10万,58.54/10万。前5位死因占全死因构成的89.10%。减寿分析表明,潜在寿命损失年前3位的是损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病,平均减寿率分别为1067.47/10万,929.89/10万,373.11/10万。损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤及脑血管病是影响寿县居民人群寿命上升的3大主要疾病。结论慢性非传染性疾病、损伤中毒已经成为严重影响寿县居民健康的主要死因,应进一步加强对这方面的预防控制工作。     

2012-2017年阆中市居民伤害死亡情况分析

目的 分析2012-2017年阆中市居民伤害死亡特征和分布规律,为制定综合防治决策提供科学依据。方法 对人口死亡信息登记管理系统中报告的阆中市2012-2017年伤害死亡数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 2012-2017年阆中市居民伤害平均粗死亡率为55.25/10万(标化率为49.27/10万),占全死因8.33%,居全死因顺序第4位,男性死亡率为69.72/10万(标化率为62.63/10万),女性死亡率为40.11/10万(标化率为41.75/10万);前5位主要死因为机动车辆交通事故、意外跌落、自杀、意外淹死、意外中毒,占伤害总死亡80.07%。因伤害造成减寿年数最多的是机动车辆交通事故,为2015年,平均减寿年数最多的是意外的机械性窒息,为57.44年。结论 伤害是危害阆中市居民健康的主要疾病之一,应根据主要伤害死亡的类型、不同年龄组死亡特点制定综合防治措施,降低伤害死亡率。     

Years of life lost due to premature mortality in Italy

Background: The assessment of the burden of disease (BOD) is necessary for sensibly allocating limited health-related resources. No such assessment is available currently for Italy. Methods: Global burden of disease (GBD) methods were used to analyse in detail the years of life lost (YLLs) component of BOD for the most important diseases contributing to premature mortality in Italy in 1998. YLLs were computed with and without age-weighting and discounting. YLLs were also analysed by gender, for Italy vs. the Euro-A region (a group of 26 European countries) defined in the 2000 update of the GBD Study, and for northern, central and southern Italy, the three traditionally demarcated regions of the country. Results: The use of YLLs yields a ranking of diseases by their relative contribution to mortality burden which differs from a ranking based purely on death counts. Although males contributed 58.5% and females 41.5% of the total mortality burden in terms of YLLs, using death counts the percentages for males and females were similar (50.6% M, 49.4% F). The leading cause of mortality burden, both in terms of YLLs and death counts, was ischaemic heart disease, followed by stroke and lung cancer. Several other conditions, however, had rankings that varied depending on the measure used. While cardiovascular diseases accounted for 31.7% and all cancers for 34.1% of YLLs, they were responsible, respectively, for 44.7 and 27.9% of death counts. The results for Italy generally corresponded with those obtained in GBD 2000 for EURO-A, but the proportion of the total mortality burden explained by the four leading causes is higher in Italy. For within Italy comparisons, there was a decreasing trend from north to south for all cancers and for several specific cancers. Conversely, a consistent increase in YLL rates from north to south was observed for stroke and hypertensive disease. Conclusions: This analysis of Italy's mortality burden represents the first phase in identifying Italy's total BOD. Simply establishing death counts and rates is no longer sufficient for a full understanding of a country's health status.     

上海市徐汇区2002～2006年儿童青少年死因分析和减寿评估

【目的】了解近五年来上海市徐汇区5~19岁儿童青少年病伤死亡发生、发展的流行特征,为制定和开展儿童青少年疾病综合防治和有效干预措施提供科学依据。【方法】应用死亡率、死因构成和顺位、潜在减寿年数(Po-tential Years of Life Lost,PYLL)、标化潜在减寿年数(SPYLL)、潜在减寿率(PYLL‰)、标化减寿率(SPYLL‰)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)等健康测量指标对来自2002~2006年徐汇区生命统计报表进行死因分析和减寿评估。【结果】儿童青少年死亡率为15.71/105,标化死亡率为14.35/105,男女性死亡率比值是1.31。损伤中毒(5.68/105)和肿瘤(5.51/105)是危害儿童青少年最主要前二位死因,占全死因死亡的71.28%,居男性死因首位的肿瘤死亡率是女性的1.93倍;居女性死因首位的损伤中毒占女性死亡总数的47.37%。PYLL为6 167人年,SPYLL为5 753.09人年,PYLL‰为10.31‰,SPYLL‰为9.61‰,AYLL为65.61年/人。【结论】死因分析和减寿评估表明,损伤中毒和肿瘤成为危害5~19岁儿童青少年生命健康的主要原因,并造成较大损失,卫生等相关政府部门应加强儿童青少年早期伤害预防和重要疾病监测控制,维护和促进学生身心健康和生命安全。     

1992-2013年上海市宝山区居民心脏病死亡和潜在寿命损失的趋势

目的了解上海市宝山区居民心脏病死亡分布特征以及寿命损失情况,为心脏病防治提供科学依据。方法对宝山区1992—2013心脏病死亡资料进行分析,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在寿命损失年(YPLL)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标。结果全区因心脏病死亡病例14 518例,年平均死亡率为85.55/10万,占总死亡人数的12.24%。男性的粗死亡率低于女性(t=8.891,P<0.05),但标化死亡率则高于女性(t=4.099,P<0.05),二者的心脏病死亡率随时间呈波动递增趋势。随着年龄的增加心脏病的死亡率呈明显的递增趋势,不同年龄组间死亡率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性的YPLL、AYLL和女性相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心脏病的总人群、男性人群以及女性人群的YPLL、AYLL总体随时间呈递增趋势,但2011—2012年有下降趋势。冠心病是居民心脏病的主要致死类型,但急性心肌梗死的死亡造成潜在寿命损失最大。结论宝山区心脏病死亡主要危及中老年人,对居民的早死危害程度较高。     

浙江省城乡死因减寿谱研究

对浙江省３ 类地区１９９２ ～１９９４ 年３ 年死因进行调查,用减寿人年数、减寿率、标准化减寿率分析。结果表明,损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤、心脑血管病是影响居民减寿的主要因素,在不发达农村地区,传染病的减寿仍居前列。提出浙江省疾病防治重点     

唐山市区及区级以上医院医生死因资料的减寿分析

目的 研究导致医院医生“早死”的主要死因及其危害程度。方法 采用减寿分析指标对唐山市20家区及区级以上医院医生（1985－1999年）的死因资料进行了分析。结果 危害医院医生健康的主要死因是恶性肿瘤、心脏病、损伤与中毒、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、消化系统疾病和泌尿系统疾病。恶性肿瘤、损伤与中毒、脑血管疾病、心脏病和糖尿病是导致医院医生工作年限损失的主要死因。恶性肿瘤中，肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、白血病、卵巢癌和宫颈癌对医院医生的寿命损失较大。结论 医院医生的职业危害对医生的寿命及工作年限有一定的损失。     

巢湖市居巢区2010年居民死因监测报告

目的了解居巢区居民的主要死亡原因及特征,为制定疾病预防控制策略提供依据。方法收集居巢区2010年居民死亡及人口监测资料,按照国际疾病分类标准ICD-10进行分类。统计分析人群的粗死亡率、标化死亡率及死因构成,进一步计算各种死亡疾病的减寿率。结果 2010年居巢区居民粗死亡率为620.59/10万,标化死亡率为495.48/10万。前5位死因依次为恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统病、伤害,其死亡率分别是177.60/10万、141.33/10万、95.93/10万、79.42/10万、56.53/10万。减寿分析表明,恶性肿瘤、伤害及脑血管病列影响本区居民寿命主要疾病的前3位。结论慢性非传染性疾病和伤害已经成为本区居民的主要死因。应有针对性地开展健康教育和健康促进工作,减少慢性病和伤害的发生。     

Years of potential life lost: application of an indicator for assessing premature mortality in Spain and Portugal

In this article, the authors present an analysis of causes of death in Spain and Portugal in 1984 based on a calculation of the "years of potential life lost" (YPLL) between the first and the 70th birthdays, the latter age corresponding approximately to the average life expectancy in both countries. This analysis of the YPLL led to a substantially different ranking of the main causes of death, based on what might be termed "premature mortality" compared with that obtained from more conventional mortality indices. According to this criterion, which is especially appropriate for the planning and evaluation of health interventions, the main causes of premature death (1-69 years) in the two countries of the Iberian peninsula are malignant tumours and, particularly in Portugal, violent deaths (especially motor-vehicle accidents, but also suicides). This is in contrast to the predominance of cardiovascular diseases indicated by other weightings of age-specific mortality rates. Portugal shows significantly worse YPLL rates than Spain not only for general mortality (45% higher than in Spain), but also for several major groups of causes. In Spain only malignant neoplasms, diabetes and chronic rheumatic heart diseases show higher specific mortality rates than in Portugal, based on traditional mortality indicators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

天津市南开区大气SO_2对人群早死寿命损失年影响的时间序列研究

目的探讨天津市南开区大气二氧化硫(SO_2)对人群每日死亡和早死寿命损失年(YLL)的影响。方法收集天津市南开区2001—2010年的大气SO_2监测数据、气象监测数据以及每日死亡监测数据,并计算每日YLL值,采用广义相加模型,评估大气SO_2对人群每日死亡和YLL的影响。结果 2001—2010年,天津市南开区大气SO_2的平均浓度为71.1μg/m3,年均浓度水平呈现下降趋势(t=-5.86,P<0.001);大气SO_2日均浓度年均超标率为10.90%,年均超标率也呈下降趋势(t=-4.23,P<0.01)。大气SO_2浓度每升高10μg/m3,对每日非意外死亡和每日循环系统死亡的影响差异有统计学意义,其效应最大值分别出现在Lag01和Lag0,超额危险度分别为0.41%(95%CI:0.15%,0.66%)和0.33%(95%CI:0.03%,0.62%);对每日非意外死亡YLL和每日循环系统死亡YLL的影响差异也具有统计学意义,其效应最大值均出现在Lag0,效应值分别为1.48(95%CI:0.65,2.30)人年和0.64(95%CI:0.10,1.18)人年;对每日呼吸系统死亡和YLL的影响差异无统计学意义。结论大气SO_2暴露可导致人群每日死亡和YLL的增加,尤其对非意外死亡和循环系统死亡的影响更为明显。     

Years of life lost due to premature death in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia)

OBJECTIVE: To provide an assessment of the mortality burden in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia). METHODS: The study was undertaken using data for Serbia, excluding Kosovo and Metohia, for the year 2000. Years of life lost (YLL), the mortality component of disability-adjusted life years, was determined from the average life expectancy at each age of death while discounting future years by 3% per annum. YLL was calculated using life expectancy at that age based on standard life tables, with life expectancy at birth fixed at 82.5 years for females and 80.0 years for males. RESULTS: Premature mortality was responsible for 814,022 YLL, after discounting future years at 3% per annum and weighting for age. Males lost 462,050 years and females lost 351,972 years. Cardiovascular diseases and cancers dominated the burden of premature mortality. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading single cause of YLL for males, followed by stroke, lung cancer, inflammatory heart disease, self-inflicted injuries, road traffic accidents, colorectal and stomach cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Each contributed over 10,000 YLL. For females, cerebrovascular disease was the leading cause of YLL, followed by ischaemic heart disease, breast and lung cancer, and diabetes mellitus. YLL due to premature death gives greater weight to those conditions that affect younger people. Consequently, a ranking of diseases by YLL differs from a ranking based on unadjusted numbers of deaths. In comparison with data from the Global Burden of Disease study (2000) for the world population and the EURO-A region, the mortality burden in Serbia is closer to that in developed than developing countries. Standardization was performed using the direct method, with the world population used as the standard. CONCLUSIONS: The national health priority areas, relevant to the mortality burden, should include cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, self-inflicted injuries and road traffic accidents.     

2008-2013年句容市居民死亡谱及减寿年数分析

目的了解句容市居民死亡水平及顺位,为制定疾病防控策略提供依据。方法收集2008-2013年句容市居民死因数据,按照国际疾病分类(ICD-10)进行死因编码,采用SPSS 17.0和Deathreg 2005软件进行统计分析。结果句容市居民年均死亡率为596.13/10万,前6位死因为循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、伤害、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、内分泌营养代谢性疾病,累计占总死因的80.63%。居民平均期望寿命为80.78岁,去除恶性肿瘤、循环系统疾病、损伤与中毒、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病死亡后,平均期望寿命可分别提高3.11、2.61、0.83、0.36、0.19岁。因死亡导致的PYLL排前3位的疾病分别为恶性肿瘤(37 952人年)、损伤与中毒(22 255人年)、循环系统疾病(17 489.5人年)。结论恶性肿瘤、损伤与中毒及循环系统疾病严重影响句容市居民健康和期望寿命,应加强健康教育,开展慢病综合防控工作。     

Changing pattern of premature mortality burden over 6 years of rapid growth of the economy in suburban south-west China: 1998-2003

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, a poor province in south-west China experiencing rapid economic growth. The study examined the short-term trend in premature mortality burden from common causes of death in a suburban region between 1998 and 2003. METHODS: Years of life lost (YLL) per 1000 population and mortality rate per 100,000 population were calculated from medical death certificates, and broken down by cause of death, sex and year without age weighting but with a discounting rate of 3%. RESULTS: Non-communicable diseases contributed over 80% of all causes of YLL, with a slightly increasing trend. The combined rate for communicable, maternal, prenatal and nutritional deficiencies declined from 4.7 to 2.4 per 1000 population. Remarkably, declining trends in YLL were also seen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug use and road traffic accidents, whereas increasing trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and liver cancer (males). The YLL rate for stroke, self-inflicted injuries, lung cancer and stomach cancer fluctuated over time. CONCLUSIONS: The region should focus on further control of IHD and liver cancer.     

广州市2011年居民主要死因和潜在寿命损失分析

目的了解广州市2011年居民主要死因及各类疾病的危害程度,为制定疾病预防和控制措施提供决策依据。方法2011年人口资料由广州市卫生局提供。死因监测资料来自2011年广州市死因登记报告信息系统报告的死亡病例。疾病分类按ICD-10进行分类编码,对2011年广州市居民死亡数据进行描述性流行病学分析,通过死亡率、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命、减寿年数等指标分析居民死亡和减寿的主要原因。结果2011年广州市居民通过死因登记报告信息系统报告的死亡病例44262例,粗死亡率为544．47／10万,标化率为336．45／10万,男性死亡率为612．50／10万,标化率为431．12／10万;女性死亡率为474．66／10万,标化率为248．26／10万,男性高于女性（P〈0．01）;前6位死因依次为：恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管病、诊断不明、伤害,死亡率分别为133．44／10万、101．82／10万、100．68／10万、73．70／10万、31．54／10万、26．53／10万;期望寿命为80．83岁,去除恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病后,预期寿命可分别增加3．81、2．78和2．73岁;以减寿年数（PYLL）计,导致潜在寿命损失的前6位死因为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管病、诊断不明、伤害,分别为107716．00、81414．00、81106．50、61978．50、26523．00、22232．50年。结论慢性疾病,特别是恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等疾病正严重威胁广州市居民的身体健康。加强对这些慢性病的防治是广州市卫生工作的重点,尤其是预防恶性肿瘤的发生,提高其早诊早治水平对减少寿命损失有重要意义。     

无锡市气温对非意外死亡及寿命损失年影响的时间序列分析

目的 了解无锡市气温在不同滞后日对非意外死亡(A00-R99)人数及寿命损失年的影响。 方法 收集无锡市区(2012-2017年)非意外死亡与气象数据资料,利用分布滞后非线性模型研究气温与非意外死亡人数及寿命损失年的关系,分析低温、高温在不同滞后日期对非意外死亡的累积效应。 结果 无锡市日均气温对非意外死亡效应曲线为"V"形,冷效应具有延迟性,在滞后3 d开始出现并持续14 d,热效应表现为急性效应,当天就出现。低温对人群总效应大于高温;不同年龄、性别对冷、热效应敏感性存在差异。 结论 低温和高温均可增加非意外死亡风险,冷效应起效慢且持续时间长,热效应急促,低温对人群影响更大。     

Years of potential life lost in residents affected by floods in Hunan, China

The potential life loss caused by floods has not been studied before. We carried out a retrospective cohort study in flood areas in Hunan, China in 1999. The standard mortality rate (SMR) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) were used to quantify the burden of flood on health. The SMRs of injury/poisoning and malignant neoplasm were higher in the river flood (151.36 x 10(-5), 127.30 x 10(-5)) and drainage problems (143.74 x 10(-5), 105.87 x 10(-5)) groups than those in the no-flood group (113.40 x 10(-5), 74.81 x 10(-5)). The standard rates of YPLL (SYPLL per thousand) in the river flood (89.56 per thousand) and drainage problems (71.30 per thousand) groups were significantly higher than those in the no-flood group (65.74 per thousand, P<0.05). The SYPLL was significantly higher in males than in females. The percentages of attributable risk (PARs) of SMRs and PARs of SYPLLs resulting from flood were 12.26 and 26.60% in the river flood group and 10.56 and 7.80% in the drainage problems group. We conclude that floods increase the affected residents' SYPLL, and that the river flood had stronger effects than the drainage problems floods.     

某石化公司1996～2006年职工死因及潜在减寿损失分析

目的了解石化公司职工的主要死因及疾病的减寿危害,为制定疾病预防与控制策略提供科学依据。方法运用标化死亡率和标化减寿损失年率,对1996-2006年公司范围内职工的死亡资料进行分析。结果1996-2006年公司职工标化死亡率为278.84/10万,男性299.48/10万,女性215.43/10万,死亡原因排列前5位是：恶性肿瘤,心脑血管疾病,损伤与中毒,消化系统疾病,呼吸系统疾病,占全死因的91.04%;潜在寿命损失年数为6565年,标化潜在寿命损失率为21.51‰,男性潜在寿命损失年数为4905年,标化潜在寿命损失率26.57‰,女性潜在寿命损失年数为1660年,标化潜在寿命损失率为9.99‰,顺序依次为损伤与中毒,恶性肿瘤,消化系统疾病,呼吸系统疾病,心脑血管疾病。结论恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病是公司职工的主要死因,损伤与中毒是导致职工早死的主要原因。     

南京市1997—2005年慢性阻塞性肺病死亡及潜在寿命损失情况流行病学分析

为了解慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)所造成的潜在寿命损失,我们对南京市10城区近十年的COPD死亡情况、寿命损失情况进行了分析。1.资料与方法:所用资料源于1997-2005年南京市10个城区的居民病伤死因年度监测资料,人口数据来自南京市统计局,死因分类依据为国际疾病分类(ICD-9和ICD-10)标准。参照本地期间的平均期望寿命水平,早死指在70岁以前死亡,早死年龄域定义为0-69岁。以2000年全国人口普查的人口年龄标准构成对南京市历年的死亡率进行调整。分析指标包括COPD的死     

Models of the healthy worker effect in industrial cohorts

The patterns of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with duration of follow-up and duration of service which are characteristic of the healthy worker effect in occupational cohort studies have been simulated using models of selection and survivor effects. The models support current theories about the population dynamics which underlie the selection effect but highlight inadequacies in our understanding of the survivor effect. Several possible models were tested and methods of generating appropriate data are discussed. It is important that the healthy worker effect should be better understood as it can present so large a problem in the interpretation of occupational risk estimates.