A 3.5-cm Single-Incision VATS Anatomical Segmentectomy for Lung Cancer

The results of several pulmonary resections using a uniportal approach have been published. However, there are no reports of uniportal thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy in Japan. We have a fundamental belief in “reduced-port surgery” and therefore routinely perform uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for patients with pneumothorax. This report describes a successful case of uniportal thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy through a 3.5-cm incision in a 76-year-old woman with primary lung cancer. The patient was pathologically diagnosed with multiple primary adenocarcinomas stage IA (T1aN0M0). Postoperatively, no analgesics were needed. The operative procedure is described in detail and includes technical tips such as the pulley method, extra-vessel exposure, the shaft-on-shaft technique, one-hand encircling, and one-hand exposure. The selection criteria for uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy limit its use.     

Uniportal versus Multiportal Thoracoscopic Complex Segmentectomy: Propensity Matching Analysis

Purpose: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) complex segmentectomy has been challenging for thoracic surgeons. This study was designed to compare the perioperative outcomes between uniportal and multiportal VATS complex segmentectomy.Methods: Data on a total of 122 uniportal and 57 multiportal VATS complex segmentectomies were assessed. Propensity score (PS) matching yielded 56 patients in each group. A crude comparison and PS matching analyses, incorporating preoperative variables, were conducted to elucidate the short-term outcomes between uniportal and multiportal VATS complex segmentectomies.Results: The uniportal group had a significantly shorter operation time (173 min vs. 195 min, p = 0.004), pleural drainage duration (2.5 d vs. 3.5 d, p <0.001), and postoperative hospital stay (4.2 d vs. 5.3 d, p <0.001) before matching, and a significant difference was also observed after matching for pleural drainage duration (2.5 d vs. 3.6 d, p <0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (4.5 d vs. 5.2 d, p = 0.001). The numbers of dissected lymph nodes in N1 and N2 stations, the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were not significantly different between these two groups.Conclusions: The uniportal VATS complex segmentectomy was not inferior to multiportal VATS in terms of perioperative outcomes and therefore should be considered as a viable surgical approach for treatment.     

胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例临床分析

目的评估胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗外周型早期肺癌、肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2011年11月复旦大学附属中山医院行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女10例;平均年龄58.0(14～86)岁。切口选择3孔法。肺段动脉、静脉使用Hem-o-lok或直线型切割合器处理,肺段支气管及段间水平均使用直线型切割缝合器处理。分析手术效果和安全性。结果 20例患者成功施行了胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,无中转开胸,无中转肺叶切除,无围术期死亡,无围术期并发症。术后组织病理学诊断示肺癌10例,肺转移瘤3例,肺良性疾病7例。平均手术时间133.0(90～240)min,平均出血量85.0(50～200)ml,术后平均胸腔引流管留置时间3.2(2～7)d,术后平均住院时间6.7(4～11)d。结论胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术安全可行,可以选择性应用于Ⅰa期肺癌或者不易行肺楔形切除术的肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病患者。     

Efficacy of the Segment-Counting Method in Predicting Lung Function and Volume Following Stapler-Based Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of a segment-counting method in predicting lung function and volume after stapler-based thoracoscopic segmentectomy in comparison with lobectomy.Methods: Between 2014 and 2018, patients who underwent these procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Thoracic computed tomography and spirometry data before and 1 year after the surgery were assessed. We evaluated the differences between the predicted values using a segment-counting method and the actual postoperative values for lung function and volume in each group. Sub-analyses were also performed to assess the impact of the number of staples and resected segments in predicting patient outcomes.Results: We included 116 patients (segmentectomy, 69; lobectomy, 47). Actual postoperative lung function and volume values matched the predicted values in the stapler-based segmentectomy group, and significantly exceeded the predictions in the lobectomy group (P <0.01). Sub-analyses revealed lower postoperative lung function values than predicted existed after single segmentectomy, with an odds ratio of 3.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–10.70, P = 0.04) in a multivariable analysis. The degree of predicted error regarding lung function was negligible.Conclusions: The segment-counting method was useful in predicting lung function after stapler-based thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Segmentectomy rarely yielded lower- than-predicted lung function and volume values.     

电视胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的研究进展

2010年美国国家综合癌症网(NCCN)非小细胞肺癌临床实践指南指出,对于多数非小细胞肺癌患者,解剖性肺切除为首选,而且电视胸腔镜手术是一个可以接受的合理选择。我们通过对早期肺癌的治疗手段、早期肺癌肺段切除的现状和预后、早期肺癌肺段切除对肺功能的保护、肺段切除的一般操作流程及肺段切除解剖难题的文献综述,总结胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的可行性和可靠性。     

Revision of Complex Acetabular Defects Using Cages with the Aid of Rapid Prototyping

This study details a method using rapid prototyping (RP) technique to assist in acetabular revision with complex bone defects. Hemi-pelvic RP models were built among 25 patients with complex acetabular bone defects. Each patient was scheduled to undergo revision using either commercially available or customized cages based on individualized RP models. Average follow-up was 4.4 years (range, 1 to 9 years). The average Harris hip score was 36.1 (range, 20 to 58) preoperatively and reached an average of 82.6 (range, 60–96) at the last follow-up. No mechanical failure or loosening was observed. One patient experienced hip dislocation 4 days postoperatively. The resultant findings of this study merit consideration of RP as a helpful clinical complement for dealing with some complex bone defect of acetabulum.     

电视胸腔镜肺切除的手术方法

目的　为了评价电视胸腔镜肺切除术在肺部肿瘤治疗中的可行性 ,而对其手术方法和治疗原则进行探讨。　方法　回顾性分析 1992年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 3月 ,12 7例胸腔镜肺切除术患者的临床资料 ,其中肺楔形切除术 71例 ,肺叶切除术 5 0例 ,全肺切除术 6例。　结果　全组无手术死亡及严重并发症 ,手术时间、引流时间、住院时间均明显缩短。全组平均胸腔引流时间 2 .4天 ,平均住院天数 10 .6天。　结论　胸腔镜肺切除术是安全可行的 ,只要严格掌握手术适应证 ,运用合理的手术方法和技巧 ,一般可以达到与常规开胸手术同样的效果     

Single-Port vs Conventional Three-Port Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Wedge Resection: Comparison of Postoperative Pain and Surgical Costs

Purpose: Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pulmonary wedge resection was reported in 2004. We started using single-port VATS (SPVATS) pulmonary wedge resection in 2017 and compared results between conventional three-port VATS (VATS group) and SPVATS (SPVATS group).Methods: We identified 145 consecutive patients with VATS group and SPVATS group. Perioperative characteristics including pain and the number of stapler cartridges used were examined as the surgical outcomes, retrospectively.Results: In all, 66 cases of SPVATS group and 79 cases of VATS group pulmonary wedge resection were compared. The rate of epidural anesthesia (p <0.0001) was significantly higher and operative time (p <0.0001) was significantly longer with VATS group than with SPVATS group. The number of stapler cartridges used, duration of drain insertion, and rate of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between groups. Average numerical rating scale (NRS) score on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7 (p <0.0001 each), maximum NRS score on postoperative day 7 (p = 0.0082) and amount of 25 mg tramadol (p = 0.0062) were significantly lower in SPVAS group than in VATS group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that SPVATS pulmonary wedge resection offers better pain control and cost-effectiveness than three-port VATS pulmonary wedge resection. These findings should contribute to the body of evidence for SPVATS.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺良性疾病128例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）治疗肺良性疾病的价值，以利手术方式微创化。方法2001年5月至2006年5月，采用电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部良性疾病128例。病种包括结核球或结核性空洞、支气管扩张症、炎性假瘤、巨大肺大泡（〉10cm）、错构瘤、淋巴管肌瘤等17种病变。术前较明确诊断53例，其它经术中冰冻及术后病理诊断确诊。手术行病变局部切除66例，单肺叶切除56例，双肺叶切除2例，双侧胸腔同期肺叶切除4例（均为支气管扩张症）。局限性切除采用纯腔镜操作，切口为3个孔；肺叶切除采用辅助7～10cm左右小切口。结果局部切除患者手术时间为30～180min，平均110min；术中出血10～300ml，平均60ml，无术中输血；术中中转小切口2例；1例术后出血，经保守治疗得以控制；术后平均住院时间6．5d。单侧肺叶切除患者手术时间为80～260min，平均145min；术中出血50～500ml，平均190ml；术中未输全血；3例因致密粘连中转常规开胸；2例术后肺部感染，加强抗感染后治愈；1例术后出血再开胸止血；2例切口延迟愈合；1例术后发生左侧隔疝，再次手术修补；术后住院时间4～13d，平均7．4d。双侧胸腔肺叶切除患者手术时间为270～415min，平均330min；术后住院时间8～16d，平均10．7d。全组患者无围手术期死亡。结论胸腔镜手术治疗肺良性疾病创伤小，切口美观，患者恢复快，手术安全，对适合患者应作为可选手术方式，有广泛的开展价值。     

Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule: hookwire versus radio-guided surgery

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the best intrathoracoscopic localization technique between hookwire and radio-guided surgery, in patients with pulmonary nodule. Methods: From January 2000 to January 2005 we enrolled in this study 50 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule, prospective randomized in two groups, well matched for diameter and depth of the pulmonary lesion. In 25 patients we performed the hookwire technique (Group A), whereas in the other 25 patients radio-guided localization was adopted (Group B). In both groups the localization technique was compared with finger palpation. In Group A, 9 lesions were in the left and 16 in the right lung; in Group B, 14 nodules were in the left lung and 11 in the right one. In both groups, the distance of the nodule from the pleural surface with lung inflated was 2.5 cm (1.5–2.5 cm in 12 patients, and >2.5 cm for the remaining 13). The mean size of the nodules in both groups was 1.1, range 0.6–1.9 (≤1 cm n = 18 patients, and >1 cm n = 7 patients). Results: All patients underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, and 23 patients with a primary pulmonary lesion underwent thoracotomy for lobectomy and radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. In Group A the hookwire technique localized the nodule in 21 of 25 patients (84%) whereas finger palpation localized it in 7 of 25 patients (28%). In Group B, radio-guided surgery localized the nodule in 24 of 25 patients (96%) whereas finger palpation localized it in 6 of 25 (24%). In Group A we registered 6 cases of pneumothorax compared to 1 case observed in the radio-guided group. Postoperative hospital stay required an average of 4 days in both groups. Conclusions: In our experience radio-guided surgery has therefore been proven efficacious in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery allows the removal of pulmonary nodules without complications. Hookwire was also shown to be efficacious but demonstrated complications linked primarily to external technical factors.     

胸腔镜下食管癌切除术

目的探讨胸腔镜下食管癌切除术的适应证。方法2005年1月～11月，我院行胸腔镜下食管癌切除术11例。其中胸上段食管癌2例，胸中段8例，胸下段1例。T1N0M01例，T2N0M02例，T2N1M01例，T3N0M07例。胸腔镜下经右胸游离胸段食管及肿瘤，清扫胸腔内淋巴结，上腹部正中切口完成胃的游离及清扫腹腔内淋巴结，颈部切口完成食管癌切除胃食管颈部吻合术。结果1例因双腔气管插管失败，1例因胸腔粘连中转开胸，另9例经胸腔镜手术成功。手术时间220～300min，平均265min。术中出血量150～400ml，平均240ml。清扫淋巴结4～10枚，平均6．4枚。术后2～3d拔除胸腔引流管，引流量200～500ml，平均350ml。术后喉返神经损伤1例，术后3个月恢复。11例随访4～15个月，平均8个月，均健在，无肿瘤复发和转移。结论胸腔镜下食管癌切除术主要适用于食管癌临床Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期，肿瘤长度〈5cm，无外侵及纵隔明显肿大淋巴结的患者。     

Thoracoscopic microsurgical technique for vertebral surgery – anesthetic considerations

Background: The thoracoscopic microsurgical technique (TMT) for vertebral and spinal cord surgery is associated with the benefits of reduced postoperative pain, accelerated return to physical activity and reduced complication rates. However, because of the surgeon's requirement of a non-ventilated lung, it confronts the anesthesiologist with the need for extremely long duration of single-lung ventilation (SLV). Methods: We describe our experiences with 82 patients, whom we anesthetised from 1993 until 1996 for TMT. Because of the potential risk of depression of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during SLV by volatile anesthetics, we primarily used a total intravenous technique (55 patients). With more experience, we also used a combination of volatile and intravenous anesthetics (16 patients) and, finally, volatile anesthetics only (11 patients). Data from patients anesthetised for TMT were compared with data from 22 patients operated with open thoracotomy from 1984 until 1992. Results: While the operating time (290.1±133.2 min for TMT vs. 312.3±113.6 for thoracotomy) and the anesthesia time (431.2±140.3 for TMT vs. 416.4±102.1 for thoracotomy) showed no significant differences, the TMT required an extremely long time of SLV (270.2±133.2 min) to gain access to the spine using left-sided double-lumen tubes. While the oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂), as a marker for pulmonary oxygenation capacity, decreased significantly after initiation of SLV for TMT, it was markedly enhanced with increasing duration (270.2+133.2 min) of SLV. Oxygenation index showed no significant difference when comparing the different anesthetic techniques for TMT. Conclusion: We conclude that despite the long duration of SLV, TMT is a reasonable alternative to open thoracotomy for thoracic neurosurgical spine procedures because of the substantial clinical benefits of accelerated return to physical activity, reduced complication rates and reduced intensive care unit and hospital stay.     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的临床研究

目的 比较全胸腔镜肺叶切除术与常规开胸肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的临床效果,探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的特殊性、可行性和安全性. 方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至2012年1月北京朝阳医院115例支气管扩张症患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同将115例患者分为两组,常规开胸手术组(开胸组):62例,男28例,女34例;年龄(46.2±11.9)岁;行常规开胸肺叶切除术.全胸腔镜手术组(全腔镜组):53例,男 19例,女34例;年龄(45.7±12.2)岁;行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术.比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量、并发症、住院时间和住院总费用. 结果 围术期无死亡.两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义;开胸组术中出血量大于全腔镜组[(228.8±121.7) ml vs.( 157.1±123.8)ml,t=2.592,P=0.011].全腔镜组患者术后胸腔引流量[(866.7±439.5) ml vs.(1 805.3±466.7)ml,t=9.003,P=0.000]、拔管时间[(6 6±3.3)d vs.(9.8±4.6)d,t=3.339,P=0.001]、术后住院时间[(7.5±2.2)d vs(11.2±5.4)d,t=3.424,P=0.001]均少于开胸组,但全腔镜组住院费用明显高于开胸组[(38 543.6±11 051.8)元vs.(30 523.4±10 028.5)元,t=3.423,P=0 001],两组患者术后并发症发生差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).全腔镜组随访45例,随访时间2～14个月,42例咳痰或咯血症状完全消失,3例仍有间断少量咳痰. 结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症是安全、可行的,与常规开胸手术相比较并不增加手术风险,并可显著减轻手术损伤,缩短住院时间.在全胸腔镜手术过程中,对肺部分切除的患者术中应谨慎处理肺残端,而非单一的手术顺序是一种值得推荐的方法.     

电视胸腔镜手术在开放性胸部损伤中的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）在开放性胸部损伤诊断、治疗中的价值。方法2003年7月～2008年7月选择64例开放性胸部损伤应用电视胸腔镜进行探查、诊断,同时进行肺修补、心包修补、膈肌修补、止血等操作,以及小切口辅助手术。结果64例经VATS探查明确胸内脏器损伤情况：肺裂伤43例,共56处;心包裂伤7例,其中1例合并右心室裂伤;膈肌破裂9例,合并脾破裂5例、肝脏裂伤1例、胃壁裂伤穿孔1例;单纯肋间血管损伤5例,合并肋间血管损伤3例。VATS肺裂伤修补24例,其中联合胸壁止血2例;VATS联合辅助小切口使用Endo—GIA切割缝合器行肺裂伤修补11例、应用丝线褥式缝合肺裂伤6例、肺组织楔形切除2例。3例心包破裂出血在胸腔镜下完成止血及缝合修补。胸腔镜下完成膈肌修补手术5例。中转开胸完成手术13例。胸腔镜探查及治疗时间32～124min,平均65．8min。术后气胸6例,轻度皮下气肿4例,9例术后1～12d少量咳血。64例随访2～60个月,平均28．5月,复查胸片无胸腔积液、积气及阴影。结论VATS应用于开放性胸部损伤能使诊断更加及时、准确,手术创伤小,疗效满意。     

肺小结节胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术初步报道

目的探讨胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术的可行性及安全性。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心胸外科2017年3月至2018年12月行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术的86例临床资料。手术均为3切口。对术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率等情况进行总结,对解剖性肺段切除术的现况、优势及适应证进行分析。 结果86例患者顺利施行了胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,手术顺利,无中转开胸或改行肺叶切除病例。平均手术时间(160.59±42.43)min,平均术中出血量(27.06±1.23)ml,平均淋巴结清扫数量(6.78±3.54)枚,平均胸腔闭式引流管留置时间(4.84±2.12)d,平均术后住院时间(6.53±1.41)d。术后病理：腺癌78例,鳞状细胞癌1例,黏液腺癌1例,良性结节6例,其中原发非小细胞肺癌均为Ⅰa期。术后均未出现严重并发症、复发及死亡。 结论解剖性肺段切除术创伤小、恢复快、术后住院时间短,其远期预后效果缺乏前瞻性数据支持,必须严格把控肺段切除术的适应证。     

电视胸腔镜食管良性病变手术20例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）在食管良性病变手术中的临床应用价值。方法 2005年3月～2011年3月,行胸腔镜手术治疗食管良性病变20例,采用3个1.0 cm切口,一个为进镜口,另外两个为操作孔,必要时将一个操作孔延长至5 cm。行良性肿瘤摘除术10例,贲门失弛缓症肌层切开术（Heller术）6例,膈肌食管裂孔疝修补术3例,外伤致膈肌损伤行膈肌修补术1例。结果 20例手术均获成功,1例贲门失弛缓症因术中损伤食管黏膜将一个操作口延长为5 cm的小切口,1例多发食管平滑肌瘤将操作口延长至3 cm。10例良性肿瘤术后病理证实为食管平滑肌瘤。20例手术时间50～152 min,住院时间4～9 d,平均6 d。无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。全组随访2～62个月,平均31个月,无明显进食哽噎等症状出现或复发。结论 VATS治疗食管良性病变安全、有效、可行,关键是选择好适应证和手术入路,可作为经选择的食管良性病变的首选治疗方法。