Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Sleeve lobectomy is a procedure in which the involved lobe with part of the main stembronchus is removed. The remaining lobe (s) is reimplanted on the main stembronchus. This procedure is indicated for central tumors of the lung as an altemative to pneumonectomy. It is the aim of this study to describe the technique of sleeve lobectomy and to analyse the early postoperative results and late results (survival-recurrence) after sleeve lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Material and methods: Between 1985 and 1999, 77 sleeve lobectomies for bronchogenic carcinoma were performed at the University hospitals Leuven. The most common performed sleeve lobectomy is the right upper lobe sleeve lobectomy (67,5%). In 6 patients a combined sleeve resection of the pulmonary artery was performed. The operative mortality was 3,9%. Two patients developed a broncho-pleural fistula. The five-year survival rate was 45,6%. In 5 patients, an anastomotic suture developed which required a completion pneumonectomy in 2. Thirteen patients developed local tumor recurrence.

Conclusion: We conclude that sleeve lobectomy can be performed with an acceptable mortality and morbidity. Long term survival rate and recurrence rate are as good as after pneumonectomy. The operative mortality is lower when compared to pneumonectomy, exercise tolerance and quality of life are much better after sleeve lobectomy compared to pneumonectomy. For central tumours we believe that sleeve resection is the procedure of choice.     

Curative Effects of Different Sequences of Vessel Interruption During the Completely Thoracoscopic Lobectomy on Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: To study the correlation between prognosis and different sequences of pulmonary artery and vein interruption during completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 334 cases underwent completely thoracoscopic lobectomy, which were identified as stage I~II non-small cell lung cancer by pathology. They were divided into three groups according to the order of vessel interruption: pulmonary vein first (Group V, n = 174), pulmonary artery first (Group A, n = 93), and artery-vein-artery group (Group M, n = 67). Their preoperative and operative conditions, and the postoperative survival, recurrence were compared.Results: Group A had less cases with history of smoking but more with history of pulmonary infection. The average bleeding amount during the operation in Group A is significantly less Group V, and Group M fell in between them. The duration of operation and postoperative complications were similar among the three groups. The types of tumor recurrence were also similar, which were mostly distant metastasis. There was no statistically significant difference in tumor-free survival and overall survival among the three groups.Conclusions: For the treatment of stage I~II non-small cell lung cancer using completely thoracoscopic lobectomy, pulmonary artery interruption first can reduce the bleeding amount without affecting the operative difficulty and postoperative complications. The sequence of vessel interruption during lobectomy by thoracoscopic surgery would not affect tumor recurrence, metastasis and survival.     

袖状肺叶切除术治疗中心型肺癌155例分析

我们总结１５５例中心型肺癌施行袖状肺叶切除术的治疗结果。５年和１０年生存率分别为５０．７％和４０．０％，鳞癌和低度恶性肿瘤的疗效更好。并对这种手术方法的一些问题进行了分析。     

参丹散结胶囊联合电视胸腔镜辅助微创切口肺癌根治术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的:探讨参丹散结胶囊联合电视胸腔镜辅助微创切口肺癌根治术(VAMT)治疗老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床治疗效果。方法:选取我院2010年5月—2012年5月收治的218例老年NSCLC患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组109例。对照组采用VAMT治疗,观察组在此基础上另口服给予参丹散结胶囊,对照组则给予等剂量安慰剂连续治疗3个月,治疗前后分别检测两组患者外周血中免疫功能指标(IgG、IgA、CD3+、CD4+及CD8+),肿瘤标记物(CYFRA21-1、NSE、SCC及CEA)含量,并评价两组患者的生活质量(社会功能、情绪功能、认知功能及躯体功能)。术后密切观察两组患者的术后并发症情况,主要包括术后疼痛、发热、咳嗽、出血、术后感染及心律失常。对所有患者进行为期5年的随访,观察患者1年、3年、5年的生存率、无进展生存期(PFS)及总生存时间(OS)。结果:治疗3个月后,两组IgG、IgA、CD3+、CD4+及CD8+含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CYFRA21-1、NSE、SCC及CEA则均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且社会功能、情绪功能、认知功能及躯体功能评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组术后疼痛、发热、咳嗽、出血、术后感染及心律失常等并发症的发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。远期疗效观察结果显示,观察组1年、3年及5年生存率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:参丹散结胶囊联合VAMT治疗老年NSCLC的临床效果较好,且能够有效改善患者免疫功能,降低患者并发症的发生率。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗临床早期非小细胞肺癌的疗效评价

目的探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗临床早期肺癌的安全性和可行性,评价其手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月复旦大学附属中山医院160例(全胸腔镜手术组,其中男83例,女77例;平均年龄60.8岁)接受全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的临床早期非小细胞肺癌患者的围手术期资料及生存数据,并与同期357例(开放手术组,其中男222例,女135例;平均年龄59.5岁)接受常规开放手术的早期非小细胞肺癌患者数据进行比较。结果全胸腔镜手术组患者中转开胸率为5.0%(8/160)。全胸腔镜组手术时间明显短于开放手术组(113.0 min vs.125.0 min,P=0.039);两组患者术后住院时间差异无统计学意义[(10.3±4.3)d vs.(9.1±4.6)d,P=0.425]。全胸腔镜手术组和开放手术组患者并发症发生率分别为9.4%(15/160)和10.1%(36/357),围术期死亡率为0.6%(1/160)和2.0%(7/357)。两组患者平均淋巴结清扫组数[(2.4±1.5)组vs.(2.4±1.7)组,P=0.743]和平均淋巴结清扫数[(9.8±6.3)枚vs.(10.1±6.4)枚,P=0.626]差异无统计学意义。全胸腔镜手术组总体5年生存率高于开放手术组(81.5%vs.67.8%,P=0.001)。进一步按不同病理分期进行亚组分析显示全胸腔镜手术组5年生存率为pⅠa期86.0%,pⅠb期84.5%,pⅢa期58.8%;开放手术组5年生存率为pⅠa期92.9%,pⅠb期76.4%,pⅢa期25.3%。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗临床早期肺癌在技术上安全可行,其淋巴结清扫可达到开放手术的范围,远期疗效优于开放手术,但亟待大样本量的随机对照研究进一步证实。     

全胸腔镜下非小细胞肺癌淋巴结清扫的对比研究

目的探讨全胸腔镜下非小细胞肺癌根治术中区域淋巴结清扫的可行性、安全性及临床价值。方法我院2009年10月～2011年12月对181例周围型非小细胞肺癌分别施行全胸腔镜（全胸腔镜组,n=77）及传统开胸（传统开胸组,n=104）肺癌根治术,比较2组术中清扫淋巴结数、转移的阳性淋巴结数、手术时间、术中出血量、术后第1天胸管引流量及术后带胸引管时间和住院时间等情况。结果2组患者无围手术期死亡,全胸腔镜组手术时间（13I．0±25．6）min,与传统开胸组（129．2±26．8）min比较无显著差异（t=0．455,P=0．649）,术中出血量（140．8±110．6）ml与传统开胸组（148．1±96．8）ml比较无显著差异（t=-0．472,P=0．638）,术后带胸引管时间（8．4±3．1）d与传统开胸组（8．2±2．3）d比较无统计学差异（t=0．498,P=0．619）,术后住院时间（9．8±3．7）d与传统开胸组（10．6±2．1）d比较无统计学差异（t=-1．841,P=0．067）,清扫淋巴结（20．1±7．7）枚与传统开胸组（18．9±5．6）枚比较无统计学差异（t=1．214,P=0．226）。全胸腔镜组术后第1天胸液量（260．9±111．9）ml,显著少于传统开胸组（322．8±103．6）ml（t=3．841,P=0．000）。术后近期复发率全胸腔镜组5．2％（4／77）与传统开胸组5．8％（6／104）无统计学差异（∥=0．000,P=1．000）。全胸腔镜组转移率6．5％（5／77）与传统开胸组8．6％（9／104）无统计学差异（x。=0．289,P=0．591）。结论全胸腔镜下肺癌根治术淋巴结清扫治疗周围型肺癌 安全、有效、可行,术后胸液量少,在淋巴结清扫的彻底性方面能达到常规开胸手术的效果。     

Survival Outcome after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Surgery for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT

Objective: Treatment modalities in medically compromised patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy has been increasingly recognized as a favorable alternative to surgical resection for early-stage NSCLC. Many retrospective analyses compared the efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy between SBRT and surgery regimens for patients with early-stage NSCLC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy between SBRT and surgery. Methods: Publications on comparison SBRT with Surgery in treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2011 to 2017 were collected. Retrospective trials analyzed the summary hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local control survival (LC), regional control survival (RC), loco-regional control survival (LRC), and distant control survival (DC) between SBRT and Surgery. The major outcomes measures were hazard ratios (HRs). Meta-analysis Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the combined Pooled HRs using fixed- or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity. Result: A systematic literature search was conducted including14 studies. In this meta-analysis, patients with SBRT achieved inferior OS, DFS, LC, RC, LRC and DC, compared with surgery. Conclusion: In this study we found more favorable outcomes with stage I NSCLC treated with SBRT. The surgery had no obvious advantages in this meta-analysis. Although surgery has become the recommended treatment at present, SBRT has potential to be an alternative treatment as a novel non-invasive radiation therapy modality in patients with stage I-II NSCLC.     

连续231例全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌近、远期疗效分析

目的 探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性、可靠性及近、远期疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2006年6月至2011年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院231例非小细胞肺癌采用全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的临床资料,其中男132例,女99例;年龄15～81 （59.51±11.90） 岁。Ⅰa期149例、Ⅰb期50例、Ⅱa期14例、Ⅱb期13例、Ⅲa期5例。腺癌152例、鳞癌41例、细支气管肺泡细胞癌23例、腺鳞癌5例、大细胞癌4例、其它癌6例。对随访结果进行统计分析,分析近、远期的生存率。 结果 无围术期死亡。手术时间60～370 （199.14±51.04） min,出血量10～2 300 （168.19±176.39） ml。围术期发生并发症37例,包括肺漏气、肺部感染、肺不张、心律失常、皮下气肿等,上述并发症均经保守治疗后治愈或好转。清扫淋巴结 （11.14±5.49） 枚,淋巴结站数3.66±1.52。有51例（22.08%）患者术后分期较术前有所提高。术后住院时间3～36 （10.79±5.13） d,术后肺漏气、肺部感染、术前合并慢性肺部疾病（慢性支气管炎、哮喘等）及中度至重度肺功能障碍是延长患者住院时间的主要因素。随访228例患者,平均随访时间40.83 （22～82） 个月,3例失访。228例患者各分期5年总生存率：Ⅰ期85.78％、Ⅱ期52.54％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期32.70％;5年无瘤生存率：Ⅰ期80.00％、Ⅱ期45.37％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期20.99％。 结论 全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术不仅切口小、创伤小、疼痛轻,而且术后功能恢复快、住院时间短。生存率与国内外相关报道相类似,全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可完成解剖意义上的肿瘤彻底切除和淋巴结清扫。电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术必将成为肺部疾病治疗的标准手术术式之一。     

Elective Pneumonectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Factors Affecting Early Operative Mortality and Morbidity

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the morbidity and mortality of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases where pneumonectomy was performed.

Material & methods: All 101 patients who had underwent a pneumonectomy for NSCLC between 1994–2001 in our hospital were included in the retrospective study. There were 97 males and 4 females with a mean age of 56 ± 9.6. Factors affecting morbidity and mortality were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The morbidity rate was 53% and the mortality rate was 9%. Morbidity was related to cardiopulmonary complications in 40% of the cases. The risk factors for cardiopulmonary morbidity with univariate analysis were age

> 60 years (p = 0.004), FEV1 < 2 lt (p = 0.016), early bronchopleural fistula (p = 0.0001), tumour size > 4 cm (p = 0.033), vital capacity < 3.7 lt (p = 0.016), forced vital capacity < 3.5 lt (p = 0.033). With multivariate analysis the risk factors cardiopulmonary morbidity were age (60 >) (p = 0.012) and tumour size > 4 cm (p = 0.043). The risk factors mortality with univariate analysis were right pneumonectomy (p = 0.025), respiratory morbidity (p = 0.0001), cardiac morbidity (p = 0.002), cell type (Epidermoid CA) (0.047), tumour size > 6 cm (p = 0.036), fluid infusion (p = 0.009), forced vital capacity < 78% (p = 0.039), forced expiratory volume in 1 second < 75% (p = 0.039), PO2 (p = 0.037), PCO2

> 42 mmHg (p = 0.023).

Conclusion: Among the pneumonectomies performed for NSCLC, the causes of postoperative morbidity were multi-factorial, however, multivariate analysis did not show any significant factor affecting the mortality, related to this procedure.     

IIa期非小细胞肺癌综合治疗的远期效果

对１９７９年至１９９１年底手术切除的７８８例ＩＩａ期非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）的治疗结果进行分析。同时，将全组中３１６例综合治疗与４７２例单纯手术病例进行对比。全组５年生存率１５．３％，其中综合治疗组２３．０％，单纯手术组１０．０％。综合治疗组５年生存率中鳞癌占２６．６％，腺癌２２．８％；单纯手术组５年生存率中鳞癌占１４．１％，腺癌９．９％。结果显示：综合治疗组生存率高于单纯手术组。因此，综合治疗应成为ＩＩａ期ＮＳＣＬＣ的标准治疗方式，并且根据不同ＴＮＭ、病理类型选择不同治疗组合。     

单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年12月成都市第二人民医院采用电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）行肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫治疗89例早期NSCLC患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为两组,VATS辅助组：46例,男36例,女10例;年龄58.76±14.78岁,采用VATS辅助小切口手术;单向式VATS组：43例,男37例,女6例;年龄61.34±12.56岁,行单向式全VATS。选择同期行常规经胸后外侧切口开胸手术患者作为对照（开胸组,42例,男37例,女5例;年龄56.30±15.59岁）。比较3组患者的手术时间？术中出血量？纵隔淋巴结清扫的数量？术后胸腔引流量、并发症发生、胸痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和生存率的改变。结果 3组均无手术死亡,3组间胸腔引流时间（P=0.024）、胸腔引流量（P=0.019）、术中出血量（P=0.009）、早期下床活动时间（P=0.031）和心肺并发症发生率（P=0.048）差异有统计学意义。单向式VATS组胸腔引流量（208.33±50.39 ml vs.245.98±45.32 ml）、术中出血量（78.79±24.23 mlvs.112.63±64.32 ml）和早期下床活动时间（2.31±0.27 d vs.3.56±0.31 d）较VATS辅助组明显减少（P〈0.05）。开胸组使用杜冷丁患者的比率较VATS辅助组和单向式VATS组明显增加（P=0.046,0.007）,3组患者手术后VAS评分变化差异有统计学意义（F=5.796,P=0.002）。术后随访109例（包括VATS辅助组37例、单向式VATS组37例、开胸组35例）,随访时间2~48个月,失访22例。随访期间VATS辅助组、单向式VATS组和开胸组分别死亡10例、9例和8例;中位生存时间分别为40个月、37个月和37个月;3组患者生存时间差异无统计学意义（P=0.848）。结论 VATS特别是单向式全VATS肺叶切除加系统纵隔淋巴结清扫术在早期NSCLC患者的手术治疗中与传统开胸手术的效果几乎相同,且创伤更小、恢复快,是治疗早期肺癌的可靠方法。     

Feasibility of Induction Chemotherapy Using Bronchial Arterial Infusion for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study

Purpose: We examined the feasibility and effectiveness of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) as induction chemotherapy before surgery for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eighteen patients with locally advanced NSCLC were given BAI consisting of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) (50–100 mg/m²) as induction chemotherapy before surgery (induction BAI). Six patients with clinical stage IIIA cancer had bulky N2 metastatic lymph nodes, and 12 patients with clinical stage IIIB cancer had T4 disease. Results: Of the 18 patients, 12 (67%) showed a partial response to the BAI therapy. Standard pulmonary resection was performed in 5 patients, pulmonary resection with the combined resection of adjacent organs was performed in 10 patients, and pulmonary resection with carinal resection and reconstruction was performed in 3 patients. Complete resection was possible in 14 patients (78%). There were no serious BAI therapy-related complications or postoperative deaths. The 5-year survival rate of the 18 patients was 35.7% and the median survival time (MST) was 19.4 months. Survival was better when complete resection was achieved after the induction BAI, especially in patients with stage IIIB (T4) disease. Conclusion: Based on our preliminary findings, BAI with CDDP as induction chemotherapy is feasible and may be an effective therapeutic modality for locally advanced NSCLC. Received: July 26, 2001 / Accepted: March 5, 2002