Gitelman综合征伴2型糖尿病一例报道

59岁女性患者因"反复低血钾24年,多尿、口干、多饮2个月"入院.实验室检查示低钾血症性碱中毒、低镁血症、继发性醛固酮增多症、低尿钙以及血糖偏高.第一代测序检测到SLC12A3基因有2个杂合突变,即外显子4区c.506?1G>A和c.536T>A,诊断为Gitelman综合征伴T2DM.经降糖、补钾、补镁联合醛固酮拮抗...     

Gitelman综合征分子遗传学研究进展

Gitelman综合征是由位于染色体16q13的SLC12A3基因突变引起的常染色体隐性遗传病,患病率为1~10∶40000,SLC12A3基因编码噻嗪类敏感的钠氯共同转运体(sodium-chloride cotransporters,NCC),介导Na+和Cl-的重吸收。该综合征以低钾性碱中毒、低镁血症和低尿钙为特征,基因型与表型之间有一定的相关性。在之前的研究中,已经发现了超过500种基因突变,并对其中的一些突变进行了功能学分析。本文综述了Gitelman综合征相关的基因突变和功能学研究,对其基因型和表型的关系进行了分析,总结了Gitelman综合征的分子遗传学研究进展。     

Gitelman综合征及其家系基因研究一例

<正>患者,女,56岁,因“发现血钾低9年”于2019年2月8日入院。9年前因咽痛查血钾2.50 mmol/L(3.50～5.50 mmol/L,括号内为正常参考值范围,以下相同),予补钾处理,此后间断补钾治疗,偶测血钾2.65～2.90 mmol/L。患者饮食睡眠均正常,无肢体乏力、呕吐及腹泻。既往史：否认特殊用药及棉籽油食用史,否认高血压病及高血压家族史。患者胞兄为低钾血症患者,已故;胞弟为2型糖尿病患者,     

Gitelman综合征临床特点及诊治方法

摘要 目的：分析Gitelman综合征的临床特点及诊治方法。方法：选取诊断为Gitelman综合征的3例患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床表现、生化检查,并抽取患者的外周血进行全外显子高通量二代测序分析,结合文献报道讨论本疾病的临床特征与诊治经验。结果：3例患者均为成年发病,血压均正常。病例1无明显低钾症状,由体检时偶然发现而就诊;病例2和病例3均有低钾相关临床表现,补钾后症状可缓解。病例1和病例2表现为低钾、低镁、肾性失钾、低尿钙、代谢性碱中毒,病例3轻度低钾,血镁正常,也存在肾性失钾及低尿钙,3例患者均有肾素 血管紧张素 醛固酮系统的激活。基因检测结果示病例1和病例2为SCL12A3基因复合杂合突变,病例3仅发现单杂合突变,其中病例2的移码突变c.976delG既往未被报道,致病性软件预测该变异为可能致病。本文3例患者通过补充钾和镁后症状改善,血钾、血镁水平达到治疗目标。结论：Gitelman综合征的临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断有赖于实验室检查及基因检测,预后良好。     

以痛风为首发表现的Gitelman综合征一例

报道1例因痛风性关节炎而诊断出Gitelman综合征的病例.患者系27岁青年女性,诊断为痛风性关节炎3年余,期间多次查血尿酸偏高,血钾偏低,均未进一步诊治.入院后查血钾、血镁偏低,左膝关节双能CT扫描提示尿酸盐结晶沉积,血气分析示代谢性碱中毒,肾素醛固酮(卧立位)均明显升高,Gitelman综合征基因检测示检测到2个杂合变异,根据以上结果诊断其为Gitelman综合征、痛风性关节炎,予补钾、消炎止痛、降尿酸治疗后,痛风性关节炎及电解质逐步趋于稳定.本报道认为,对于青年女性,以痛风性关节炎为首发症状,同时伴有反复低钾血症、低镁血症的患者,要考虑Gitelman综合征可能.     

以Graves病首诊发现合并Gitelman综合征一例

患者以间断四肢乏力起病,发现低钾血症,首诊考虑Graves病(Graves disease,GD),经抗甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)及补钾治疗后,甲状腺功能基本恢复正常,但仍有反复低血钾。进一步检查发现同时合并低血镁、低血氯、高尿钾、低尿钙及肾素水平升高,SLC12A3基因检测发现复合杂合突变,诊断为Gitelman综合征(Gitelman syndrome,GS)合并Graves病。本病例提示甲亢合并低钾血症时,还应注意血镁、尿电解质、血气分析和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)等检查,必要时行低血钾相关基因检测,避免误诊漏诊。     

Gitelman综合征合并Graves病一例

<正>1 病例介绍患者,女,24岁,以“间断四肢无力4年余”入院。患者2017年间断出现四肢无力,伴四肢麻木及多汗,偶有双手搐搦,呈爪型,无法伸展。患者自诉多于感冒及腹泻后出现上述症状,伴心慌、手抖。曾查血钾2.2 mmol/L,于外院诊断为“甲亢并低钾性周期性麻痹”,给予“氯化钾缓释片(3 g/d)”补钾,并给予“丙硫氧嘧啶片(50 mg, 3次/d)”抑制甲状腺素合成,甲状腺功能正常。血钾仍偏低,     

成年III型Bartter综合征1例并文献复习华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院

目的：总结III型Bartter综合征的临床和生化特征以及诊断方法。方法：回顾性总结我科1例长期不明原因低钾血症患者的临床表现、生化检查和基因检测结果。结果：患者,女,41岁,低钾血症2年,无服用利尿剂和肾损害药物以及缓泻剂病史。患者主诉乏力和肢体麻木,无抽搐,血压正常。生化检查有显著低钾血症,血镁正常,尿钙正常。血气分析示代谢性碱中毒。血浆肾素活性增高。肾脏B超无钙化等异常,临床疑诊先天性失盐性肾小管病。PCR检测远曲小管上皮管腔侧钠氯离子同向转运蛋白(NCCT)基因SLC12A3全部编码区26个外显子无突变,而髓袢升支粗端和远曲小管上皮基底膜侧氯离子通道蛋白基因CLCNKB第12号外显子c.1093delC杂合突变,致编码氨基酸p.His365Thr fs 368X移码突变,这是我们发现的一个新的CLCNKB基因新的突变类型。此例最后诊断为III型Bartter综合征。结论：对于低钾血症伴代谢性碱中毒和血压正常而无特殊用药史的成年患者,诊断应考虑先天性失盐性肾小管疾病包括Gitelman和III型Bartter综合征,同时检测SLC12A3和CLCNKB基因可明确诊断。     

Gitelman综合征的研究进展

Gitelman综合征(GS)是一种相对罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,主要表达钠钾泵蛋白SLC12A3基因突变后导致编码的蛋白改变而致病,表现为低血钾、代谢碱中毒的症状,其中低血镁和低尿钙最具诊断意义。除了SLC12A3基因的突变,研究还发现CLCNKB基因突变、自身免疫性疾病等都可能导致GS。SLC12A3基因的突变位点及突变类型较多,GS患者在遗传学、临床表现和生化指标等方面具有明显的个体化差异。文章从该病的流行病学、病因学、表现型的影响因素、诊断及治疗等方面进行综述,以期提高对疾病的诊治水平。     

Long-term Clinical Course after Living Kidney Donation by a Patient with Gitelman Syndrome Harboring a Compound Heterozygous Mutation of the SLC12A3 Gene

The eligibility for kidney donation and long-term post-donation renal prognosis of patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS) are unknown. We herein report a 44-year-old woman with GS who donated her kidney for transplant. A gene sequence analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of T180K and L858H in the SLC12A3 gene. Since transplantation, the renal function and serum potassium and magnesium levels of the donor and recipient have remained stable for seven years with careful monitoring and supplementation. Patients with asymptomatic GS who have no complications can be considered eligible to donate their kidney for transplant with proper monitoring after transplantation.     

反复自然流产与ABO血型相关性探讨

目的探讨反复自然流产与ABO血型之间的相关性。方法选择680对反复自然流产患者(夫妇二人)为实验组,210对顺娩健康活婴者(夫妇二人)为对照组,实验组和对照组均按夫妇ABO血型是否相容分为ABO血型相容和ABO血型不相容两类,并进行统计学分析。结果实验组中夫妇ABO血型相容有264对,占38.8%,ABO血型不相容有416对,占61.2%;对照组中夫妇ABO血型相容有102对,占48.6%,ABO血型不相容有108对,占51.4%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论夫妇ABO血型不相容与反复自然流产密切相关。     

生殖道沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体感染与反复自然流产关系的研究

为探讨生殖道沙眼衣原体 ( CT)和解脲支原体 ( UU)感染与反复自然流产 ( RSA)的关系。采用聚合酶链反应技术 ( PCR)对 10 8例 RSA妇女 (观察组 )和 10 2例正常妇女 (对照组 )进行生殖道 CT和 UU检测。结果观察组 CT和 U U阳性率分别为 31.4 0 %和 37.10 % ,对照组分别为 10 .5 0 %和 12 .80 %。两组比较均有极显著差异( P<0 .0 1)。生殖道 CT和 UU感染是引起反复自然流产的原因之一 ,故对反复自然流产妇女应常规行生殖道CT、UU检测并及时治疗。     

Genetic screening for Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome pathogenic genes among individuals with hypertension and hypokalemia

Purpose: Bartter syndrome (BS) and Gitelman syndrome (GS) are hereditary diseases characterized by hypokalemia with decreased or normal blood pressure (BP). However, BS or GS patients who present with elevated BP levels have been increasingly reported recently. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of BS and GS among individuals with unexplained hypokalemia with hypertension in a clinical setting. Methods: Patients presented with unexplained hypertension and hypokalemia admitted to Hypertension Center of Fuwai Hospital from November 2015 to February 2017 were enrolled. High-throughput sequencing for five BS and GS causative genes were performed. Variants were classified using American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) consensus guidelines. Results: Thirty-four patients with unexplained hypertension and hypokalemia were included for genetic analysis. A total number of 10 rare variants were identified in six individuals (mutation detection rate, 17.65%). One homozygous variant carried by one of the 34 patients, KCNJ1 c.941A> G (p.Tyr314Cys), were categorized as likely pathogenic variant and resulted in a diagnostic yield of 2.94%. Eight of the remaining nine variants were predicted to be deleterious by ≥ three bioinformatics software and may give additional potential diagnostic yields. Conclusions: This is the first study performing combined genetic screening for BS and GS pathogenic genes among individuals with unexplained hypertension and hypokalemia. Our data suggested that BS or GS may contribute to the etiology of patients presented with hypertension and hypokalemia. Genetic testing for BS and GS pathogenic genes are recommended to facilitate precision diagnoses and targeted treatment.     

Thrombophilic mutations in Iranian patients with infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortion

Factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, and factor II (FII) G20210A mutations are three important causes of thrombophilia, the condition that might be related to infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). In this study we evaluated the presence of these three mutations in 36 female patients with unexplained infertility, 65 female patients with unexplained RSA, and 62 healthy fertile women as control group. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and PCR-RFLP was performed for the molecular diagnosis of each mutation. In addition, activated protein C resistance (APC-R) was also evaluated. The frequencies of FVL, MTHFR, and FII mutations (heterozygous and homozygous) in the control group were 0.0%, 38.7%, and 3.2%, respectively. The frequency of FVL mutation in patients with infertility (30.6%) or RSA (20.0%) was significantly higher than that of the control group. A significantly higher MTHFR mutation rate was also observed in patients with RSA (63.1%) as compared to controls. However, the mutation rate of MTHFR in patients with infertility (50.0%) was not statistically different from that in controls. No significant difference was observed in the frequencies of FII mutations between the patients and controls. Decreased levels of APC-R were observed in 25.0% of infertile patients and 18.9% of patients with RSA. In conclusion, our results show a skew towards higher mutation frequencies of FVL and MTHFR in patients that may necessitate detection of such mutations in these Iranian patients.     

子宫内膜异位症合并早期复发性流产的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是妇科常见的激素依赖性疾病,好发于育龄期妇女,临床表现以痛经及不孕为主,合并早期复发性流产(RSA)临床报道较少.EMS的发病机制不详,近年来相关研究结果表明,EMS患者出现早期RSA与异位内膜种植造成的卵巢功能损害、免疫调节紊乱、盆腔解剖结构异常、盆腔炎症反应造成胚胎种植部位及发育异常有关.另...     

Gitelman综合征合并甲状腺疾病:两例患者SLC12A3基因分析

对合并甲状腺疾病的2例Gitelman综合征可疑患者及家庭成员进行SLC12A3基因分析,证实2例患者均为SLC12A3基因的复合杂合突变,3个新突变位点被发现.本研究提示Gitelman综合征有时与其他低血钾相关的疾病,如甲亢并存,临床应注意鉴别.     

低分子肝素钙对反复自然流产患者ACA的影响及疗效分析

目的观察低分子肝素钙对反复自然流产患者的治疗疗效及血清抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定反复自然流产患者血清ACA的水平,将45例ACA阳性患者随机分为两组,治疗组30例应用低分子肝素钙进行治疗,对照组15例仅用泼尼松和阿司匹林口服治疗。结果治疗组ACA转阴率及流产治愈率均达90%（27/30）,对照组均为20%（3/15）,两组比较有统计学差异。结论低分子肝素钙能抑制反复自然流产患者ACA的产生,有效治疗ACA阳性引起的反复自然流产。     

干燥综合征合并获得性Gitelman综合征二例并文献复习

目的 提高对干燥综合征(SS)合并获得性Gitelman综合征的认识,了解其特点及治疗.方法 报告2例SS合并获得性Gitelman综合征病例的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行分析.结果 2例患者均为首次就诊的老年女性,临床以低钾血症及相关肌炎症状、肌酶学改变为特点入院.虽口干、眼干症状不典型,但查体及实验室等相关检查诊断SS明确,伴低血镁、代谢性碱中毒、高肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮,且无高血压,符合Gitelman综合征改变,因此考虑为SS合并获得性Gitelman综合征.结论 在符合Gitelman综合征临床特点基础上,诊断应完善肾活检.SS患者合并的Gitelman综合征少见,其发生机制与SS的关系有待进一步探讨.