外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效,分析陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点.方法 陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离34例(34只眼),在双目间接检眼镜直视下行裂孔及变性区定位,在裂孔及变性区周围行视网膜冷凝后,根据情况分别采用巩膜表面加压术、环扎术或环扎加压术.术后定期观察视力、玻璃体及视网膜复位情况.结果 ①随访1～6个月,术后视网膜裂孔封闭,完全复位28只眼,再脱离6只眼,均发生在手术后1个月;其中2例手术后不足10d再脱离.②视力情况:视力提高28只眼,矫正视力＜0.3者18只眼,≥0.3者10只眼.③视网膜下液吸收情况:3d完全吸收19例,6d完全吸收7例,3～4周吸收2例.④冷凝反应:Ⅰ级10只眼,Ⅱ级14只眼,Ⅲ级4只眼.结论 在双目间接检眼镜直视下,外路手术治疗陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离的手术效果良好,值得临床推广.手术后视网膜的复位和视力与病程有密切关系.陈旧性裂孔性视网膜脱离多是因为早期的误诊造成,应引起临床医生注意.     

Scleral buckling methods for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Scleral buckling techniques are effective in treating most eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and usually the final visual result is limited only by possible preexisting macular damage due to the detachment. Still, a variety of techniques are used, including exoplant or implant methods for the scleral buckle; cryotherapy, diathermy, or photocoagulation to cause the chorioretinal adhesion; and drainage or nondrainage of subretinal fluid. Also, recent development of alternative surgical techniques such as vitreous surgery and/or intraocular gas injection have raised questions about the current role of scleral buckling methods. This article reviews the principles and techniques of scleral buckling for retinal detachment and describes the methods we have found most useful.     

不放液的节段性外垫压术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术的疗效比较

目的探讨不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效,并对两种术式疗效进行比较。方法回顾分析181例(184只眼)增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)C2级以下改变的RRD行不放液的节段性外垫压手术与巩膜环扎加压、引流视网膜下液手术的临床资料。全部患者均为我院首诊病例,按手术中是否放液分为放液组和不放液组,分别分析各组PVR级别与视网膜解剖复位率的关系,并对二组的手术并发症、术后视力进行比较。181例患者术后随访时间2~48个月,平均8.6个月。结果放液组视网膜复位84只眼,手术成功率为91.3%;不放液组视网膜复位86只眼,手术成功率为93.5%。放液组和不放液组PVR不同级别(B,C级)视网膜复位率比较其差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。而二组的手术并发症、术后视力进步率比较,不放液组手术并发症明显比放液组低,术后视力进步率较放液组高,其差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术复位率基本一致,但术后视力明显提高,手术并发症少,为手术步骤的重要改变,PVRC2级以下改变的RRD都可适用。     

Scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with severe myopia

From Jan. 1, 1980, to Dec. 31, 1989, we performed scleral buckling surgery on 48 eyes of 46 patients for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated with severe myopia (greater than 5.00 diopters). Forty eyes of 38 patients were observed for at least six months, and the mean follow-up period was 46 months. Intraoperative complications occurred in four of 48 eyes (8%) and included retinal incarceration (two eyes), choroidal hemorrhage (one eye), and choroidal detachment (one eye). Three of the 40 eyes (7.5%) followed up for more than six months developed a recurrent retinal detachment and underwent a revision of the scleral buckle. At the last follow-up examination, the retinas of all 40 eyes were totally reattached. Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was attained in 26 of 40 eyes (65%). Because of the low rate of intraoperative complications and the high rate of success, scleral buckling is recommended for most patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated with severe myopia.     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 160例（168眼）行巩膜扣带术，术中均在双目间接检眼镜直视下定位裂孔、冷凝封闭裂孔。术后随访，观察视网膜复位情况。结果 本组病例初次手术视网膜解剖复位率94．0％。二次巩膜扣带术后视网膜解剖复位率为97．6％。结论 巩膜扣带术是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。合理联合视网膜下液引流、玻璃体气体填充及眼底激光光凝可提高手术成功率。     

Scleral buckling technique for longstanding inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with subretinal bands.

We investigated the effectiveness and safety of conventional surgery on longstanding retinal detachments (RD) with subretinal bands (SRB). We found that conventional surgery were safe and effective method in the treatment of inferior chronic rhegmatogenous RD cases with SRB without other signs of advanced proliferative vitreopathy. Further studies with larger numbers and longer follow up are needed.     

孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜外加压术后视网膜下液的研究现状

孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)是严重的致盲性眼病,及时有效的手术治疗是治愈此病的关键。目前,治疗RRD的方法有玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)和巩膜外加压术(scleral buckling surgery)两种术式。巩膜外加压术简单、有效,是治疗非复杂性视网膜脱离的首选术式,但术后视力恢复受很多因素的影响,其中视网膜下液的存在是影响术后视力恢复的重要原因。本文主要针对RRD巩膜外加压术后视网膜下液的研究现状进行归纳。     

Ciliochoroidal detachment following scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE AND METHODS: We observed the peripheral choroid; ciliary body, and depth of the anterior chamber by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in 31 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment before and after scleral buckling surgery. Scleral encircling was performed in 11 eyes and segmental scleral buckling in 20 eyes. RESULTS: With UBM, ciliochoroidal detachment was detected in all eyes (100%) following scleral encircling and in 8 eyes (40.0%) following segmental scleral buckling. After scleral encircling procedure, the eyes with preoperatively bullous and wide retinal detachment showed a severe ciliochoroidal detachment and edema of the ciliary body. Shallowing of the anterior camber occurred in all 11 eyes (100%) after scleral encircling and in 12 of 20 eyes (60.0%) after segmental scleral buckling. Marked shallowing with closure of the angle and elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 eyes. CONCLUSION: The results showed that careful postoperative examinations for the anterior segments, chamber angle, and intraocular pressure are necessary with slit-lamp examination and applanation tonometry after scleral buckling surgery.     

巩膜扣带术联合532间接眼底镜激光治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为间接眼底镜激光光凝封闭裂孔，治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效和适应证范围。方法回顾性分析2003年12月～2005年4月在我院行巩膜扣带术接受532间接眼底镜激光光凝治疗RD患者26例（26眼）的临床资料。结果术后随访3～6个月，26眼中视网膜全部复位。结论将巩膜扣带术中的冷凝改为532间接眼底镜激光光凝可减少视网膜和脉络膜损伤及术中并发症发生，是治疗RD的有效方法之一。     

合并视网膜下增生的儿童孔源性视网膜脱离手术

目的观察巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切除术两种手术方式治疗先天异常因素所致儿童视网膜脱离的近期疗效。方法儿童48例（56眼）先天异常因素所致视网膜脱离行巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切除术48例（56眼）。结果（1）巩膜扣带术33眼：随访6个月以上一次手术视网膜平伏20眼（60．81％）;残留网膜下液7眼,无效6眼。（2）玻璃体切除手术23眼：随访6个月一次手术视网膜复位14眼（60．86％）;二次手术视网膜复位6眼,3眼视网膜浅脱离,未取硅油。从近期疗效看,两种手术方式的一次手术成功率和视功能恢复程度的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论儿童先天异常因素所致视网膜脱离如增生不重可优先考虑巩膜扣带术,如网膜不能平伏,再行玻璃体切除手术,但远期疗效需待进一步观察。     

非凝固手术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为术后氪多波长激光光凝封闭裂孔治疗视网膜脱离的疗效、适应证范围及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2001／2003在我院行非凝固巩膜扣带手术联合术后氪多波长激光封闭裂孔治疗孔源性视网膜脱离36例(36眼)，观察其疗效并对结果进行评价。结果：术后随访3-24mo，视网膜完全复位的32例，术后0．5a后矫正视力≥0．132例，最佳矫正视力为1．5。结论：非凝固巩膜扣带术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离，简化了手术操作，无凝固手术相关的并发症，术后采用氪多波长激光封闭裂孔，可以根据裂孔的部位及届光介质混浊的程度选用不同波长的激光进行封孔，是治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法之一。     

巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离的效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年10月间在我院住院行巩膜外垫压术（或联合环扎术）治疗的6例（6只眼）家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.本组所有患者视网膜裂孔检查明确,且位于赤道或赤道前,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变C2级以下;具有阳性家族史;荧光素眼底血管造影特征明显.其中1个裂孔者4只眼,2个裂孔者2只眼.1例硅胶海绵纵行垫压,5例硅胶轮胎环行垫压并联合环扎.所有患者术后均补充视网膜激光光凝.结果 6例患者术后视网膜均复位良好,视力改善,经激光治疗无灌注区,随访稳定.结论 对于家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者,选择部分病例行巩膜外垫压手术治疗,术后及时补充视网膜激光光凝,可取得很好效果.     

吊顶灯照明行巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的：评估治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的巩膜扣带术中使用吊顶灯照明系统的优势。

方法：在这一对照、回顾性研究中,72例72眼于密涅瓦医院接受巩膜扣带术治疗的RRD患者分为两组。A组在吊顶灯照明下行巩膜扣带术,B组进行常规巩膜扣带术。两组均于术前、术后1、3、7、14、30、90和180d进行随访。指标包括其它手术操作、最佳框架眼镜矫正视力(BSVA)、手术时间、视网膜裂孔再次出现进行了分析和比较。

结果：术后6mo,两组BSVA均较术前显著改善(P<0.01)。两组再次出现视网膜裂孔的比例未见明显差异,但A组手术时间较B组明显缩短。

结论：通过我们观察得出结果,使用巩膜扣带术治疗RRD时,吊顶灯照明系统是一个有价值的工具,即使这些结果需要在更大人群中进一步研究证明。     

Scleral buckling with chandelier illumination system in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery: a large case series

AIM: To evaluate advantages of chandelier illumination system during scleral buckling (SB) procedures for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. METHODS: In this comparative, retrospective study, 72 eyes of 72 patients undergoing SB for RRD at Minerva Hospital (Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Italy), divided in 2 groups of 36 eyes each were collected. In one group (A) eyes underwent SB with chandelier, in the other one (B) eyes underwent SB without using chandelier illumination system. Every eye of both groups was checked before surgery and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180d follow up. Parameters such as additional procedures, best spectacles visual acuity (BSVA; measured with Snellen Lines as decimal fraction), surgical time and retinal breaks recurrences had been analyzed before and after surgery and statistical comparison have been run between two groups. RESULTS: A significant (P<0.01) improvement in BSVA was observed at 6mo follow up in both groups; comparing groups A and B, no significant clinical differences was found in recurrences rate whereas mean surgical time in group A was statistically lower than the group B ones. CONCLUSION: According to results observed, even if they need to be confirmed in further studies with larger population, chandelier illumination system could be considered a valuable tool for SB surgery in eyes affected by RRD.     

巩膜外加压术治疗以视网膜下膜增生为主的陈旧性视网膜脱离

目的评价巩膜外加压术对以视网膜下膜增生为主的陈旧性视网膜脱离的效果。方法巩膜外加压术治疗以视网膜下膜增生为主的陈旧性视网膜脱离47例（47眼）。术后随访时间6～36个月,观察并分析视网膜复位情况、视力和并发症情况。结果39例治愈（82．98％）,术后视力提高者37眼（78．72％）,3例PVR加重,最终接受了玻璃体切除手术治疗。结论有选择性地对以视网膜下膜为主的陈旧性视网膜脱离进行巩膜外加压可以以最小的创伤使视网膜达到解剖复位,并能在一定程度上改善视力。     

最小量巩膜外垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效分析

目的比较分析最小量巩膜外垫压术与巩膜环扎垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2009年3月收治的20例（20只眼）孔源性视网膜脱离患者行最小量巩膜外垫压术（A组）的临床资料,并在同期住院行巩膜环扎垫压术的孔源性视网膜脱离患者中随机选择40例（40只眼）作为对照组（B组）,术后随访比较两组的视网膜复位率、最佳矫正视力及并发症情况。结果术后视网膜首次复位率A组为90％,B组为95％;最佳矫正视力A组为0．48±0．33,B组为0．48±0．28;增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）进展者A组占5％,B组占10％,两组间均没有显著差异（P=0．4642、0．9662、0．5089）。术后A组出现复视1只眼,B组出现短期高眼压3只眼,黄斑水肿1只眼,复视1只眼;两组术后屈光度的变化有显著差异（P=0．0019）,前房深度、眼轴长度及散光度的变化均没有显著差异（P=0．5444、0．8732、0．0582）。结论外加压手术是一种有效复位脱离视网膜的手术方式,最小量巩膜外垫压术对孔源性视网膜脱离能获得很好的疗效,而对眼球创伤小、仅改变眼局部形态结构,能避免传统巩膜环扎垫压术的一些并发症,但远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

Scleral buckling combined with vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with inferior retinal breaks

AIM: The use of adjunctive scleral buckling during vitrectomy for retinal detachment associated with inferior breaks has been the recent focus of some debate. It has been suggested that any benefit might be outweighed by potential complications associated with buckling surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the success rate of vitrectomy, gas, and supplementary scleral buckling with the results of two recently published case series suggesting that acceptable results in inferior break detachments can be achieved with vitrectomy and gas alone. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive patients with inferior break retinal detachments was conducted. All patients underwent vitrectomy, gas, and scleral buckling. In all cases, fellow eyes were examined under anaesthesia for retinal breaks if posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) had occurred at the time of presentation. Demographics, preoperative, and postoperative complications and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Primary retinal attachment at 3 months was achieved in 95% of patients. This exceeds success rates of published data of patients who underwent vitrectomy and gas without buckling (81-89%). In patients with PVD in the fellow eye, 53% had horseshoe tears and all were treated with cryopexy. No sight-threatening complications occurred, but five patients developed minor buckle-related complications postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Supplementary scleral buckling is a safe procedure that improves and enhances primary success rates in inferior break detachments over vitrectomy and gas without buckling. There is a high rate of PVD-related breaks requiring treatment in the fellow eyes.