Associations of sitting time with leisure-time physical inactivity,education, and body mass index change

We aimed to investigate the associations of long-term leisure-time physical inactivity, body mass index (BMI) change, and education with sitting time in a 35-year follow-up based on self-reports in surveys. Influences of working status in 2011 and familial confounding on the associations were tested. Data were based on the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort of 5232 twins (53-67-year-old, 41% men) with four surveys in 1975-2011. Statistical analyses were performed using linear regression with several covariates. The effect of familial confounding (genetics and shared environment) was analyzed using a co-twin control design which should be interpreted as if familial confounding plays a role, an association should be seen among all individuals but not in discordant twin pairs. Compared to those not at work, those at work had a longer total sitting time/d. For those at work, higher education was associated with more total sitting but with less non-work sitting. Long-term leisure-time physical inactivity was associated with more non-work sitting among those at work, whereas long-term weight gain with more total and non-work sitting regardless of working status. Familial confounding attenuated the associations, except for the association of increasing BMI with total and non-work sitting among women at work. To conclude, total sitting time was longer among those still at work, but it was also influenced by long-term leisure-time physical inactivity, higher education, and an increase of BMI over the years. Public health efforts should be targeted to reduce sedentary behavior by promoting life-long leisure-time physical activity and weight control.     

高尿酸血症与血脂、血压及体重指数的相关性研究

目的分析高尿酸血症与脂代谢异常、血压、体重指数及血糖的相关性。方法入选2009年1月～2011年10月在我院诊疗的3122例健康体检者,对其血尿酸、血脂、血压、体重指数以及血糖进行统计学分析。结果高尿酸血症总发生率为18.39%。男性与女性之间的高尿酸血症发生率具有统计学差异（21.03%vs 13.96%,P〈0.05）。在女性高尿酸组中,收缩压水平较尿酸正常组明显增高[（139.5±25.5）vs（133.4±221.3）mmHg,P〈0.05]。在男性高尿酸组中,BMI较尿酸正常组明显增高[（26.02±4.38）vs（25.11±3.24）kg/m2,P〈0.05]。男性人群中,高尿酸组患者的TC和TG均较尿酸正常组患者明显升高（P〈0.05）;在女性人群中,高尿酸组患者的TG较尿酸正常组患者明显升高,而高尿酸组患者的HDL较尿酸正常组明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论高尿酸血症与脂代谢异常、血压、体重指数具有一定的相关性,且具有性别差异。     

女性体重指数与血压、血糖、血脂关系的探讨

20世纪90年代女性肥胖患病率已达34％。本研究通过对2009—09在我院体检中心1745例健康女性人群的检测结果进行分析,探讨了体重指数与血压、血糖、血脂的关系,以便为健康教育和生活干预提供依据。     

大强度训练后某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数、血糖、血脂的关系研究

目的 探讨某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)及血脂之间的关系.方法 对急进高原前强化行为应激训练(简称"大强度训练")某部140名士兵,采用问卷调查与试验相结合的方法进行研究,问卷为士兵训练倦怠自评问卷,以BMI、FPG、血脂为观察指标,采用线性回归分析评价各指标与训练倦怠的关系.结果 大强度训练后,士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于大强度训练前(P<0.01),士兵FPG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、BMI测量值显著低于大强度训练前(P<0.05);体质量超重士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于体质量正常士兵(P<0.05);FPG水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于FPG水平较低士兵(P<0.01);胆固醇水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于胆固醇水平较低士兵(P<0.01).回归分析显示,大强度训练前后身心耗竭、训练疏离与BMI、FPG、TC、TG存在线性关系(P<0.05).结论 大强度训练前后士兵身心耗竭与BMI、FPG、TC具有密切关系,而训练疏离与大强度训练前后BMI、TC、TG存在密切关联.     

Relationship between body composition, body mass index and bone mineral density in a large population of normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic women

Purpose

The knowledge of factors modulating the behaviour of bone mass is crucial for preventing and treating osteoporotic disease; among these factors, body weight (BW) has been shown to be of primary importance in postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, the relative effects of body composition indices are still being debated. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fat and lean mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in a large population of women. Moreover, this study represents a first important report on reference standard values for body composition in Italian women.

Materials and methods

Between 2005 and 2008, weight and height of 6,249 Italian women (aged 30?C80 years) were measured and BMI was calculated; furthermore BMD, bone mineral content, fat and lean mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Individuals were divided into five groups by decades (group 1, 30.0?C39.9; group 2, 40.0?C49.9; group 3, 50.0?C59.9; group 4, 60.0?C69.9; group 5, 70.0?C79.9). Differences among decades for all variables were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test by the SPSS programme.

Results

Mean BW was 66.8±12.1 kg, mean height 159.1±6.3 cm and mean BMI 26.4±4.7 kg/m². According to BW and BMI, there was an increase of obesity with age, especially in women older than 50 years (p<0.001). Lean mass increased until 50 years of age but significantly decreased after this age (p<0.001). The percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the examined population was 43.0% and 16.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data show that obesity significantly decreased the risk for osteoporosis but did not decrease the risk for osteopenia. It is strongly recommended that a strong policy regarding prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis be commenced. An overall examination of our results suggests that both fat and lean body mass can influence bone mass and that their relative effect on bone could be modulated by their absolute amount and ratio to total BW.     

Whole-body bone mineral content, lean body mass, and fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population of normal Canadian children and adolescents.

Measurements of body composition have evident value in evaluating growing children and adolescents, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a tool that provides accurate measurements of whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC), lean body mass (LBM), and fat mass (FM). To interpret such measurements in the context of ill health, normative values must be available. Such information could be expected to be regionally specific because of differences in ethnic, dietary, and physical activity determinants. In this study, DXA was performed with Hologic densitometers in normal girls (n = 91) and boys (n = 88) between 3 and 18 years of age. The derivation of normal ranges is presented for boys and girls. The correlation of the sum of WBBMC, LBM, and FM with directly measured body weight was almost perfect (r > 0.997). As expected, FM and body mass index correlated strongly. The normal values for WBBMC, LBM, and FM from this study are compared with other Canadian data and with published normative data from Argentina and the Netherlands, all of which use different densitometers. The results of this study allow the calculation of z scores for each facet of body composition and facilitate the use of DXA to report routine evaluations of body composition in children and adolescents.