吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术单双荷包缝合治疗重度脱垂性痔的近期疗效比较

目的比较吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术(PPH)中采用不同缝合方法治疗重度脱垂性痔的近期临床疗效。方法将重度脱垂性痔患者120例根椐术中不同的缝合方法分为单荷包组和双荷包组,每组60例。单荷包组采取单荷包缝合方法,双荷包组采取双荷包缝合方法。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血、术后镇痛、术后出血、住院时间、术后肛门坠胀不适、痔核回缩、肛缘水肿情况及治疗2月后复发情况。结果双荷包手术时间为(27.6±8.3)min长于单荷包组的(19.2±5.1)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术后出血率、术后痔核回缩率、肛缘水肿率及治疗2个月后复发率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论采取PPH术治疗重度脱垂性痔患者时,术中缝合方式应选择双荷包缝合。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术单双荷包缝合治疗重度脱垂性痔的近期疗效比较

目的 比较吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术(PPH)中采用不同缝合方法治疗重度脱垂性痔的近期临床疗效.方法 将重度脱垂性痔患者120例根椐术中不同的缝合方法分为单荷包组和双荷包组,每组60例.单荷包组采取单荷包缝合方法,双荷包组采取双荷包缝合方法.比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血、术后镇痛、术后出血、住院时间、术后肛门坠胀不适、痔核回缩、肛缘水肿情况及治疗2月后复发情况.结果 双荷包手术时间为(27.6±8.3)min长于单荷包组的(19.2±5.1)min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组术后出血率、术后痔核回缩率、肛缘水肿率及治疗2个月后复发率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 采取PPH术治疗重度脱垂性痔患者时,术中缝合方式应选择双荷包缝合.     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术围手术期护理

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）主要用于治疗严重出血的Ⅱ度痔、Ⅲ度及Ⅳ度的脱垂性痔、直肠黏膜内脱垂。PPH术不切除肛垫，术后精细控便能力不受影响。具有手术操作简     

痔上黏膜环形切除肛垫悬吊术治疗重度脱垂痔

目的评价痔上黏膜环形切除肛垫悬吊术(PPH)治疗痔的价值。方法利用环形吻合器对32例重度脱垂痔行PPH手术。结果本组患者平均手术时间为22min，平均住院时间为5d。所有患者痔脱出症状立即消失，无一例肛门狭窄、直肠阴道瘘、肛周感染。结论PPH治疗重度脱垂痔具有安全、有效、手术时间短、住院时间少、恢复快等优点。     

国产吻合器行环形痔切除术11例临床疗效观察

吻合器环形痔切除术(procedure for prolapse and haemorrhoids PPH),又称痔上黏膜环切、肛垫悬吊术.是建立在肛垫学说基础上的、运用吻合器治疗环状脱垂痔的新技术.传统治疗痔疮手术方法复发率高,并发症多,不少患者需行二次、三次手术.我院2004年5月～2005年6月应用PPH手术治疗环形痔11例,疗效满意,报告如下.     

改良痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术治疗Ⅳ度痔200例临床分析

目的 对改良的痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术(PPH)手术方式治疗Ⅳ度痔的临床效果进行观察。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年12月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院200例行PPH术Ⅳ度痔病人的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为常规PPH组100例,改良PPH组100例,将两组的手术耗时、住院周期、术中活动性出血发生情况、术后并发症(术后肛缘水肿、术后尿潴留、术后便血)发生率以及术后痔的复发率进行比较分析。结果 两组在手术耗时、住院周期、术中活动性出血发生情况、术后尿潴留及便血发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。改良PPH组术后肛缘水肿的发生率1.00%低于常规PPH组的11.00%,且术后改良PPH组痔复发0例,亦明显低于常规PPH组的13例,差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.865、13.900,P=0.003、0.000)。结论 改良PPH术能显著降低病人术后肛缘水肿发生率及术后复发率,值得临床采用。     

二点牵引法在吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术中应用的评价

目的 寻找一个较好的痔上黏膜环荷包缝合和牵引方法。方法 对150例痔上黏膜环荷包缝合牵引法的患者，二点牵引法110例，其他牵引法40例，比较两组切除痔上黏膜环的宽度和肛垫上移效果。结果 二点牵引法110例切下的痔上黏膜环全部完整且较均匀，环宽度在3．5～5cm，肛垫上移率（即脱垂痔块全部回纳入肛管内）达91％（100／110）。而其他方法40例，痔上黏膜环完整较均匀的有14例，不均匀的有16例，黏膜环不完整10例，黏膜环宽度0．2～3．5cm不等，肛垫上移率62，5％（19／40）。结论 二点牵引法切除痔上黏膜环完整较均匀，黏膜环的宽度足够，肛垫上移率高，明显优于其他牵引方法，而且操作简单，易同一平面作痔上黏膜下一圈的荷包缝合，值得推广使用。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗痔疮的应用体会

目的探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗痔疮的效果。方法采用吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）对364例重度脱垂痔及内痔为主的环状混合痔患者手术治疗并对结果进行分析,随访。结果手术时间10～32min,平均18min,住院时间3～5d,平均3．8d,经PPH治疗后,所有病人脱出痔核全部回缩,切除直肠黏膜完整者98％,术后90％病人不用止痛剂。术后随访6个月,有效率100％,满意率88％,基本满意率12％。结论吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）在环形脱垂内痔治疗中具有手术创伤小、手术时间短、病人痛苦轻、住院时间短等优点,是治疗重度脱垂痔及内痔为主的环状混合痔的较好术式。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗痔疮的临床体会

美国强生微创痔疮手术又称吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH),是建立在肛垫学说基础上运用吻合器治疗环状脱垂痔的新技术,于1993年成功研制了一种专门用于治疗Ⅱ～Ⅳ度重痔,不破坏肛垫正常生理功能且显著缩短手术时间并极大减轻术后疼痛的痔吻合术。通过对直肠黏膜及黏膜下层组织进     

PPH治疗老年女性重度痔病32例临床探讨

目的探索吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术治疗老年女性重度痔病的疗效。方法应用吻合器行痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术治疗老年女性重度痔病32例。结果手术时间10~35 min,平均18min,无一例发生术中大出血及心脑血管意外,术后脱垂痔块回缩有效率为100.0%,随访无复发。结论PPH治疗老年女性重度痔病具有微创、安全、有效、恢复快等优点。重视手术过程中的各个环节,可以提高手术效果,减少并发症。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking

Smoking behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic contribution to smoking behavior is at least as great as its contribution to alcoholism. Much progress has been achieved in genomic research related to cigarette-smoking within recent years. Linkage studies indicate that there are several loci linked to smoking, and candidate genes that are related to neurotransmission have been examined. Possible associated genes include cytochrome P450 subfamily polypeptide 6 (CYP2A6), dopamine D₁, D₂, and D₄ receptors, dopamine transporter, and serotonin transporter genes. There are other important candidate genes but studies evaluating the link with smoking have not been reported. These include genes encoding the dopamine D₃ and D₅ receptors, serotonin receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase, trytophan 2,3-dioxygenase, opioid receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. Since smoking-related factors are extremely complex, studies of diverse populations and of many aspects of smoking behavior including initiation, maintenance, cessation, relapse, and influence of environmental factors are needed to identify smoking-associated genes. We now review genetic polymorphisms reported to be involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking.     

Tramadol concentrations in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid in a neonate

Based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected in a full-term neonate, the penetration of tramadol in the central nervous system is described. Following intravenous administration of tramadol, a lag time of about 4 h was observed until full blood–brain equilibration was achieved. This pharmacokinetic observation is in line with a recent pharmacodynamic evaluation of the central opioid effects of tramadol in adults.     

Pradigastat disposition in humans: in vivo and in vitro investigations

1.?Pradigastat is a potent and specific diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) inhibitor effective in lowering postprandial triglycerides (TG) in healthy human subjects and fasting TG in familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) patients.

2.?Here we present the results of human oral absorption, metabolism and excretion (AME), intravenous pharmacokinetic (PK), and in vitro studies which together provide an overall understanding of the disposition of pradigastat in humans.

3.?In human in vitro systems, pradigastat is metabolized slowly to a stable acyl glucuronide (M18.4), catalyzed mainly by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A3 and UGT2B7. M18.4 was observed at very low levels in human plasma.

4.?In the human AME study, pradigastat was recovered in the feces as parent drug, confounding the assessment of pradigastat absorption and the important routes of elimination. However, considering pradigastat exposure after oral and intravenous dosing, this data suggests that pradigastat was completely bioavailable in the radiolabeled AME study and therefore completely absorbed.

5.?Pradigastat is eliminated very slowly into the feces, presumably via the bile. Renal excretion is negligible. Oxidative metabolism is minimal. The extent to which pradigastat is eliminated via metabolism to M18.4 could not be established from these studies due to the inherent instability of glucuronides in the gastrointestinal tract.     

Changes in immunoreactive somatostatin in brain following lidocaine-induced kindling in rat

The kindling phenomenon has become a useful model for studying epileptogenesis. The present authors have previously reported increased levels of immunoreactive somatostatin (IR-SRIF) in various regions of the brain of electrically-amygdaloid kindled (EAK) rats. In this study, an examination was made of immunoreactive somatostatin in pharmacologically-kindled (PK) rats. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a subthreshold dose of lidocaine (60 mg/kg), once daily. Once the kindling phenomenon was established, kindled rats (7), non-kindled rats (9) and controls (6) were sacrificed by microwave irradiation. Another group of 5 rats was injected with a single suprathreshold dose of lidocaine (110 mg/kg) and killed 10 min after the resultant seizure. Various brain areas were removed and assayed for immunoreactive somatostatin in kindled rats. Immunoreactive somatostatin was significantly greater than in controls in the amygdala (56%; P less than 0.02), entorhinal + piriform cortex (50%; P less than 0.05) and hypothalamus (29%; P less than 0.02). In non-kindled rats, immunoreactive somatostatin increased only in the amygdala (58%; P less than 0.02). No difference was found in the immunoreactive somatostatin content of rats injected with an suprathreshold dose of lidocaine compared to controls. The alteration of immunoreactive somatostatin, in both lidocaine-kindled and electrically-amygdaloid kindled rats suggests a possible role of this neuropeptide in kindling.