February 1997-9 Year Old Girl with Hydrocephalus

A nine year old girl presented with nausea vomiting and hydrocephalus. Imaging studies demonstrated a large right thalamic mass with areas of cystic change or necrosis. Sections of resected material showed perivascular pseudorosettes, necrosis, endothelial proliferation, numerous mitoses, densely cellular areas and numerous foci with a clear-cell morphology. This case is used to illustrate the features of anaplastic ependymomas and to discuss the relationship of the histologic features to prognosis.     

March 1997-4 Year Old Girl with Ring Chromosome 22 and Brain Tumor

A four year old Caucasian girl with a constitutional ring chromosome 22 abnormality and developmental delay presented with increasing ataxia and a six week history of non-specific symptoms. Imaging studies demonstrated a large third ventricular tumor with apparent involvement of the septum. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. This tumor is compared and contrasted to peripheral malignant rhabdoid tumors and central primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The role of a putative tumor suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 22 in the pathogenesis of these tumors is also discussed.     

August 1996 — Frontal Lobe Tumor in 11 Year Old Girl

An 11 year old girl presented with an 8 month history of left temporal headaches with new onset of nausea and vomiting with increased severity of headaches. An MRI scan showed a frontal lobe mass. The tumor was resected and histologic studies demonstrated a central neurocytoma. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic aspects (including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy) of central neurocytomas are reviewed and the atypical features of this case described.     

29 Year‐Old Man with New Onset Seizures

Imaging of a 29‐year‐old man with seizures showed a frontal lobe mass with curvilinear narrow calcifications, cystic components and multiple flow‐voids. An AVM was considered. A DSA confirmed the hypervascular nature of the lesion. It was resected and microscopic examination showed an anaplastic oligodendroglioma remarkable for a diffuse and hypertrophic vasculature with areas of frank vascular proliferation. The marked vascularity seen on the MRI, the gyriform calcifications and the cystic degeneration are all features which can be encountered in an AVM. This case illustrates that highly vascular malignant gliomas can simulate vascular lesions by radiology and may require an angiogram for diagnosis.     

A 29 Year Old Woman with Acute Mental Status Changes

Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease that causes occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries and its branches within the Circle of Willis. While rare in the United States and Europe, moyamoya disease is much more common in eastern Asian populations. We present a 29 year‐old Caucasian woman who initially presented with severe mental status changes and ataxia. MRI and MRA imaging, as well as pathologic examination at autopsy, revealed occlusion of the middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries bilaterally with associated infarctions. This case underscores the importance considering this diagnosis as an etiologic possibility during the workup of multiple infarcts, even in non‐Asian populations     

3～7岁儿童屈光参差的临床研究

目的　研究儿童屈光参差的临床特点,探讨屈光参差对视功能的影响及屈光参差程度与弱视程度的关系.方法　对就医的3～7岁儿童进行视力筛查,视力异常者用阿托品眼膏散瞳验光,选出符合屈光参差标准的儿童.所有患儿均配镜后进行弱视治疗,治疗期间遮盖健眼、随访.结果　①屈光参差占屈光不正的15 .5 3% ,单纯球镜屈光参差2 1例(32 .8% ) ,单纯柱镜屈光参差37例(5 7.8% ) ,球镜及柱镜屈光参差同时存在6例(9.4 % ) .所有患儿追踪观察1年,屈光参差度无明显变化;②屈光参差程度越大双眼视力差越大.结论　①屈光参差是影响儿童视功能,造成弱视的原因之一;②屈光参差的程度越大,双眼视力差越大,治疗的难度加大.因此屈光参差必须早期发现,早期治疗.     

3～7岁儿童屈光参差的临床研究

目的研究儿童屈光参差的临床特点,探讨屈光参差对视功能的影响及屈光参差程度与弱视程度的关系.方法对就医的3～7岁儿童进行视力筛查,视力异常者用阿托品眼膏散瞳验光,选出符合屈光参差标准的儿童.所有患儿均配镜后进行弱视治疗,治疗期间遮盖健眼、随访.结果①屈光参差占屈光不正的15.53%,单纯球镜屈光参差21例(32.8%),单纯柱镜屈光参差37例(57.8%),球镜及柱镜屈光参差同时存在6例(9.4%).所有患儿追踪观察1年,屈光参差度无明显变化;②屈光参差程度越大双眼视力差越大.结论①屈光参差是影响儿童视功能,造成弱视的原因之一;②屈光参差的程度越大,双眼视力差越大,治疗的难度加大.因此屈光参差必须早期发现,早期治疗.