龙牙葱木皂苷对大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的 :观察龙牙葱木皂苷 (Aralosides,As)对大鼠血流动力学的影响。方法 :静脉注射 As(5、10、2 0 mg/ kg) ,各组均以给药前各项指标为对照 ,用四导生理记录仪同步记录 L VSP、± dp/ dtmax、LVEDP、SAP和 DAP等心功能指标 ,计算机监视记录结果及分析 ,用彩色绘图仪绘制曲线。结果 :静脉注射 As(5、10、2 0 mg/ kg)后 ,LVSP、±dp/ dtmax绝对值明显增加 ,而 L VEDP下降 ,+ dp/ dtmax分别从给药前的 (318± 5 7)、(311± 5 0 )、(32 5± 6 0 ) k Pa/ s上升到给药后的 (381± 79)、(441± 5 8)、(46 4±6 1) k Pa/ s,- dp/ dtmax分别从给药前的 (- 2 5 1± 6 1)、(- 2 6 1± 4 2 )、(- 2 5 5± 4 7) k Pa/ s下降到给药后的(- 317± 5 5 )、(- 333± 4 2 )、(- 330± 4 6 ) k Pa/ s。结论 :As对大鼠正常在体心肌具有正性肌力作用 ,并且呈一定的剂量依赖关系。     

k—阿片受全的负性肌力作用及其对β—肾上腺素受体的调节

目的　研究 U 5 0 ,488H (选择性κ-阿片受体激动剂 )对心脏的负性肌力作用特点及对β-肾上腺素受体 (β- AR)的调节作用 .方法　 1整体动物实验 ,观察 U5 0 ,488H对家兔心率 (HR)、动脉压 (ABP)、左心室内压 (L VP)及其微分 (±dp/ dtmax)的影响 ;2利用 L angerdoff装置离体灌流大鼠心脏 ,观察 U 5 0 ,488H对 HR,L VP和± dp/ dtmax及β- AR正性肌力作用的影响 .结果　 1U5 0 ,488H可显著降低家兔的 HR,ABP,L VP及± dp/ dtmax;2 U5 0 ,488H对离体大鼠心脏的HR,ABP,L VP及± dp/ dtmax有降低作用 ;3在 U 5 0 ,488H存在的情况下 ,激动 β- AR所引起的 L VP的升高可被显著抑制 .结论　 1U5 0 ,488H对心脏具有负性肌力作用 ;2 U5 0 ,488H可抑制β- AR的正性肌力作用 ,提示κ-阿片受体对β-AR具有负性调节作用 .     

幼兔缺血预处理在心肌保护第二窗期对未成熟心肌Bcl-2基因mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察幼兔心脏缺血预处理 2 4h对未成熟心肌缺血 /再灌注后Bcl -2mRNA表达的影响 ,探讨未成熟心肌保护第二窗形成的作用机理。方法　 18只 3～ 4周龄幼兔 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 6只 :Ⅰ组 ,正常对照组 ;Ⅱ组 ,缺血 /再灌注损伤组 ;Ⅲ组 ,缺血预处理组。建立活体心脏缺血 /再灌注损伤模型 ,Maclab/8s系统监测左心室发展压 (LVDP)、左室压上升及下降最大速率 (+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax)变化 ,原位免疫杂交 (ISH)方法检测心肌细胞内Bcl-2mRNA的表达。结果　缺血再灌注前 ,各组间LVDP、±dp/dtmax无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;再灌注 1h后 ,Ⅱ组的LVDP、+dp/dtmax和 -dp/dtmax恢复率分别为 (42 .81± 12 .56) %、(3 0 .67± 16.2 2 ) %和 (2 9.49± 10 .13 ) % ;Ⅲ组LVDP、+dp/dtmax及 -dp/dtmax恢复率分别为 (84.15± 13 .56) %、(69.49± 10 .3 6) %和 (58.3 7± 12 .45) % ,两组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组Bcl -2mRNA表达阳性细胞面积百分数分别为 (8.3± 2 .5) %、(76.3±13 .5) % ,两组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　缺血预处理可上调Bcl -2mRNA表达 ,参与未成熟心肌保护第二窗的形成 ,促进未成熟心肌缺血 /再灌注后心室功能恢复     

模拟4000m高原梭曼中毒犬的血流动力学变化

麻醉犬在模拟4000m高原停留2h后开胸,经静脉输注梭曼(10μg/kg)中毒后,测定左心室压力(LVP)及其变化最大速率(±dp/dtmax)、主动脉压力(AP)、肺动脉压力(PAP)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)和心率(HR)。结果表明,模拟高原能加重梭曼中毒对犬血流动力学及心脏功能的抑制作用,与平原组值比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

葛根素对压力超负荷兔心力衰竭及神经内分泌激素的影响

目的 :探讨葛根素对压力超负荷兔心力衰竭及其对心钠素 (ANP)和血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )的影响。 方法 :将兔随机分为假手术组、手术对照组和葛根素组 ,采用腹主动脉次全结扎 ,建造兔心力衰竭模型 ;经颈动脉插管 ,利用BL -4 2 0E生物机能实验系统记录平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)、左室收缩峰压 (LVSP)、左室舒张末压 (LVEDP)、最大上升速率 ( +dp/dtmax)和最大下降速率 ( -dp/dtmax)等血流动力学参数 ;放免法测定血浆ANP和AngⅡ水平。 结果 :( 1)手术对照组与假手术组相比 ,血流动力学参数明显异常 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;( 2 )葛根素组与手术对照组相比 ,HR减慢 ,±dp/dtmax明显上升 ,LVEDP明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;( 3 )葛根素组与手术对照组相比 ,血浆ANP浓度明显下降(P <0 .0 0 1) ,AngⅡ水平亦显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :葛根素能减缓压力超负荷兔心力衰竭的发生 ,其机理可能是减少了ANP和AngⅡ的释放     

银杏叶提取物对心脏血流动力学和冠脉流量的影响

[目的]研究银杏叶提取物（Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves,EGB）对家兔心脏血流动力学以及大鼠离体心脏冠脉流量的影响。[方法]采用心室内插管技术，观察静注EGB前后对家兔左心室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室终末舒张压（LVEDP）、心率（HR）、左室内压最大上升速率（dp/dtmax）、左室内压最大下降速率（-dp/dtmax）、左室开始收缩至dp/dtmax的间隔时间（t-dp/dtmax）等血流动力学指标的影响。以Langendorff法制备大鼠离体心脏，观察心肌收缩幅度并测定心脏冠脉流量。[结果]EGB能显增加冠脉流量（P＜0．05），明显降低LVSP和dp/dtmax，延长t-dp/dtmax，减慢HR及降低心肌的收缩振幅（P＜0．01或P＜0．05），对LVEDP和-dp/dtmax等舒张性指标无明显影响。[结论]EGB具有抑制心肌收缩力、减慢心率和增加冠脉流量作用。     

模拟海上颠簸刺激对严重烧伤家兔心肌力学指标的影响

目的 观察模拟海上颠簸刺激对烧伤早期家兔心肌力学和血流动力学指标的影响.方法 132只家兔随机分成正常对照组(N组,n=6)、单纯颠簸组(DN组,n=42)、单纯烧伤组(S组,n=42)和烧伤颠簸组(DS组,n=42),单纯烧伤组和烧伤颠簸组造成40%全身体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA)Ⅲ度烧伤,分别于2、6、8、12、24、36、48 h等7个时相点经颈动脉左心室内置管,应用RM6240系列生理信号采集仪记录左心室压力波形和主动脉压力波形并应用RM6240系列生理信号采集处理系统处理分析相应波形,测量得出主动脉收缩压(AOSP)、主动脉舒张压(AODP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、左心室收缩压峰值(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)以及左心室内压变化最大速率(±dp/dtmax)等心肌力学指标.结果 单纯颠簸即可使家兔心肌力学指标显著降低,烧伤颠簸组心肌力学和血流动力学指标均低于单纯烧伤组.伤后2 h,烧伤颠簸组LVEDP即显著低于单纯烧伤组,LVSP、LV-dp/dtmax自伤后6 h开始显著低于单纯烧伤组,AOSP、AODP、MAP、LV dp/dtmax自烧伤后12 h开始均显著低于单纯烧伤组.结论 模拟海上颠簸刺激可明显加剧严重烧伤家兔心肌力学指标的下降和心功能损害.     

一氧化氮对未成熟心肌缺血/再灌注损伤后血流动力学和超微结构的影响

目的　了解一氧化氮 (NO)对未成熟心肌缺血 /再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　 2 4只 3～ 4周龄幼兔 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 6只 :Ⅰ组 ,正常对照组 ;Ⅱ组 ,缺血 /再灌注损伤组 ;Ⅲ组 ,L -精氨酸 (3 0 0mg/kg)组 ;Ⅳ组 ,L -硝基精氨酸甲酯 (L -NAME ,10mg/kg)组。建立活体心脏缺血 /再灌注损伤模型 ,监测左心室血流动力学变化及观察心肌超微结构变化。结果　给药后缺血前 ,与Ⅰ组相比 ,Ⅲ组LVDP及±dp/dtmax下降 ,Ⅳ组LVDP及±dp/dtmax则升高 (P <0 .0 5) ;再灌注 60min ,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组的LVDP及±dp/dtmax低于Ⅲ组 (P <0 .0 1)。电镜观察显示 ,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组心肌细胞水肿、线粒体损伤明显 ,而Ⅲ组的细胞及线粒体损伤较轻。结论　一氧化氮能减轻未成熟心肌的缺血 /再灌注损伤 ,与NO影响线粒体能量代谢有关     

低剂量不同浓度盐水对于失血休克家兔血流动力学的影响

目的：研究不同浓度盐水（4.5％与7.5％）对非控制性失血性休克家兔早期复苏效果的影响,尤其是对家兔血流动力学的影响。方法将32只家兔随机分成4组,每组8只,分别为假手术组（SHAM组）、休克未治疗组（SWT组）、4.5％盐水复苏组（4.5％组）、7.5％盐水复苏组（7.5％组）,麻醉后建立非控制性失血性休克模型,在设定时间内,使用预定方案进行液体复苏,监测不同时间点（0min、30min、60min、90min）家兔血流动力学指标（左心室内压（left intraventricular systolic pressure,LVSP）、左心室压力上升或下降的最大速率（the maximal change rate of left intraventricular pressure,±dp/dtmax）的变化情况。结果（1）30min时,SWT、4.5％组、7.5％组各组数值与SHAM组比较,均发生明显改变（P＜0.05）,这三组两两比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,表明休克模型复制成功;（2）三种血流动力学指标实验过程中变化趋势比较一致,60min、90min时,SWT组与其他三组相比较,LVSP、±dp/dtmax值明显减小（P＜0.05）;60min时,7.5％组的LVSP、±dp/dtmax值明显大于4.5％组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;90min时,7.5％组数值略大于4.5％组,但是差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论采用液体复苏可以改善家兔的血流动力学指标;与4.5％高渗盐水相比,7.5％高渗盐水在改善非控制性失血性休克家兔血流动力学方面作用更为明显,为临床失血性休克伤员的救治提供了一定的数据支持。     

应用国产球囊导管行球囊二尖瓣成形术的体会

应用国产单球囊导管对 7例风心病二尖瓣狭窄患者施行了经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术。术后患者血流动力学明显改善 ,左房压从 ( 3.18± 0 .94 ) k Pa降至 ( 1.2 9± 0 .60 ) k Pa,平均肺动脉压从( 5.36± 1.66) k Pa降至 ( 2 .94± 0 .85) k Pa,二尖瓣口面积从 ( 0 .91± 0 .0 8) cm2 扩大到 ( 1.80± 0 .2 4 )cm2 ,心功能从 ( 2 .8± 0 .5)级提高到 ( 1.3± 0 .4 )级 ,无严重并发症。平均随访 11个月 ,二尖瓣口面积无明显变化 ,心功能全部维持在 1级。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.