心肌损伤标志物联合检测在早期诊断心肌梗死中的应用

目的探讨心肌损伤标志物联合检测在心肌梗死中的早期诊断价值。方法选取2011年6月~2014年6月入住我院的疑似急性心肌梗死患者100例,按照世界卫生组织标准将其分成实验组60例(急性心肌梗死),对照组40例(非急性心肌梗死),联合检测两组心肌损伤标志物。结果实验组cTnl、MYO、CK-MB、CK水平均高于对照组(P0.05),实验组早期敏感性以MYO最高,特异性以cTnl最高。结论心肌损伤标志物在急性心肌梗死诊断中发挥着十分重要的作用,值得在临床上广泛应用,     

联合检测心肌损伤标志物在老年急性冠脉综合征患者发病早期中的应用价值

目的探讨联合检测心肌损伤标志物肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者发病早期中的诊断价值。方法根据临床检查将2013年8月至2014年3月入住河南省人民医院急诊医学部的疑诊老年ACS患者分为ACS组64例,非ACS组27例,同时选取健康对照组47例。采用免疫透射比浊法和终点法测定三组的cTnI、H-FABP、IMA、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的水平,并比较四项指标针对老年ACS患者发病6 h内的诊断价值。结果 ACS组的cTnI,H-FABP,IMA的水平分别与非ACS组和健康对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),CK-MB水平三组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。H-FABP、IMA诊断的灵敏度均明显优于cTnI和CK-MB(P0.01)。联合检测cTnI,H-FABP,IMA的灵敏度为90.2%优于单独检测cTnI或H-FABP或IMA(P0.05)。联合检测cTnI,H-FABP和IMA的特异度为100%,与单独检测IMA或CK-MB比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但与单独检测cTnI或H-FABP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测cTnI、H-FABP、IMA对老年ACS患者的早期诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异度,可有效降低老年ACS患者的误诊率。     

蛋白类心肌损伤标志物在早期急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用

国内外资料表明约1／4的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者发病时无典型症状和体征,约半数AMI患者心电图可无典型变化。相对而言实验室检查因简便易行,特异性、敏感性和定量性高而被广泛应用。近年来肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白I、肌钙蛋白T等已成为早期诊断急性心肌梗死快速、特异的敏感指标。现综述如下。     

心肌损伤标志物升高合并缺血性胸痛误诊为急性心肌梗死1例

1 病历摘要 肖某,男,69岁,因"间断性心前区疼痛2个月,加重2天"于2009年12月13日入院.缘于2个月前活动时出现心前区疼痛,就诊于当地医院曾诊断"急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死".于住院期间发生过一次黑蒙,经一般保守治疗后好转出院.此后又发生过一次心前区疼痛,随即发生晕厥,3～5 min后恢复意识.入院前一天患者再次出现心前区疼痛,伴大汗及呼吸困难,性质剧烈,为压榨性,持续不缓解,再次急诊于当地医院,给予抗凝、抗血小板聚集等对症支持治疗,患者仍反复发作心前区疼痛,为压榨样,性质剧烈,血压在升压药维持下波动于60～90/40～60 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).患者入院时有呼吸困难,不能平卧.     

四种心肌标志物联合检测在急性心梗诊断中的应用

目的探讨和分析临床上联合检测四种心肌标志物对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断的价值。方法选取2011年1月-2013年10月在我院内科接受治疗的胸前区部位疼痛的患者110例作为研究对象,上述选取对象中,其中56例最终确诊为AMI,记为观察组,另外54例患者排除AMI,记为对照组;对上述选取对象采取免疫抑制法测定CK(肌酸激酶)、CK-MB(肌酸激酶同工酶),采取化学发光法检测MYO(肌红蛋白)、cTnI(肌钙蛋白),对两组患者检测结果进行分析和对比。结果观察组56例AMI患者CK、CK-MB、MYO及cTnI含量水平较为对照组54例患者明显升高,两组间上述四项指标对比均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论在急性心肌梗死的临床诊断中,对四种心肌标志物进行联合检测,有利于该病症的早期确诊,这对确诊后采取治疗有着重要的指导意义。     

问：何谓心肌损伤标志物？如何用于急性心肌梗死的早期诊断？

答：通常把心肌细胞损伤后因膜的完整性和通透性改变，导致细胞内的大分子生物化学物质逸出，且能在血循环中被检出的这类大分子物质称为心肌损伤标志物。1979年WHO提出诊断急性心肌梗死（AMI）的诊断标准：典型的持续的胸痛史；典型的心电图改变；有明确的血清酶活性改变；上述3者中至少符合两项即可诊断。     

心肌损伤标志物在肺炎患儿中的意义研究

目的分析小儿肺炎心肌损伤标志物活性改变及其临床意义。方法肺炎组44例（重症组9例、轻症组35例）,对照组体检正常儿42例,检测心肌酶（谷草转氨酶AST、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶、α-HBDH、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶CK-MB）,肌钙蛋白I（CTNI）、肌红蛋白（MYO）活性,进行3组间心肌损伤标志物活性值比较。结果肺炎组患儿的各项心肌损伤标志物均高于正常对照组;重症肺炎组患儿CTnI升高6例,CK-MB升高5例,而轻症肺炎组患儿及正常对照组小儿CTnI值在正常范围内,轻症肺炎组患儿CK-MB升高15例。肺炎组患儿治疗前后心肌损伤标志物的变化,以MYO恢复最快（约起病后1周）,其他依次为α-HBDH、CTNI、AST、CK-MB。结论小儿肺炎时心肌损伤标志物活性呈不同程度增高,以AST活性增高最常见;重症肺炎时常有2项或3项心肌损伤标志物活性同时增高;但以CTNI特异性最高,CK-MB敏感性最高。     

急性冠状动脉综合征心肌标志物检测的现状

世界卫生组织 (ＷＨＯ)在 2 0世纪 70年代新制订了心肌梗死 (ＭＩ)的诊断标准 ,凡具备下列三项中有二项就可诊断 :①典型的症状 (如胸部不适 ) ;②酶活性增高 ;③典型心电图(ＥＣＧ)改变。此标准简单明了 ,很快被全球应用。此标准提出至今已近 30年 ,在诊断技术上此后有很大变化 ,尤其是酶学测定 ,例如 :谷草转氨酶、α 羟丁酸脱氢酶、γ转酰基磷酸转肽酶、丙酮脱氨酶等既不敏感、又不特异 ,已废弃不用。当时提出的肌酸激酶 (ＣＫ)、乳酸脱氢酶 (ＬＤＨ)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(ＡＳＴ)的动态变化 ,但随后发现前两者的同工酶 (ＭＢ)的诊断价值比总…     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者心肌损伤标志物初步探讨

目的:初步探讨不同临床分型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者心肌损伤标志物特征。方法:本研究是一项回顾性单中心研究,纳入了2020年1月至2020年2月,共122例COVID-19确诊病例,其中轻型/普通型共92例,重型/危重型共30例。通过实时RT-PCR确诊病例,并收集流行病学,人口统计学,临床分析,放射学特征和实验室数据。结果:根据患者病情临床分型,将所有COVID-19患者分为两组,一组为轻型和普通型,另一组为重型/危重型患者。比较两组患者一般情况结果显示:重症/危重型COVID-19患者年龄、WBC、中性粒细胞百分比、血清淀粉样蛋白A、尿素氮、谷草转氨酶、心率、体温、呼吸次数、死亡率和肺部病变范围均高于轻型/普通型患者,而淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比和血氧饱和度则低于轻型/普通型患者(P<0.05)。比较不同病情分型COVID-19患者心肌损伤标志物水平和急性心肌受损的比例结果提示:重型/危重型患者心肌酶指标、心肌酶升高所占比例和hs-cTnI水平均高于轻型/普通型患者,急性心肌受损的比例(11.1%vs.42.3%)也明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:重症COVID-19患者发生急性心肌损伤的比例为42.3%;重症COVID-19患者心肌酶、hs-cTnI水平高于轻症患者。     

Rationale for the early clinical application of markers of ischemia in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes

Mandates for more rapid treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are driving public education initiatives aimed at having patients present earlier in the course of their symptoms. This will make it less likely that markers of necrosis will provide the level of diagnostic sensitivity needed. In fact, the goal is to identify and treat these patients sooner in order to prevent necrosis from occurring. Given the limitations of the standard 12-lead ECG to detect ischemia, other technologies are being evaluated: the value of echocardiography and technetium-based myocardial perfusion imaging have been proven. However, the goal is to develop a simple, rapid-turn-around biochemical marker that can provide this same function, and clear progress is being made toward this end. Emergent, rapid restoration of blood flow via pharmacologic revascularization or primary percutaneous interventions can reduce morbidity and mortality when applied in the setting of acute myocardial injury seen on the ECG. Exciting new research suggests that the protection of myocytes agains ischemic injury is possible if initiated early, which can limit cellular damage and improve clinical outcomes. Thus, the ability to rapidly detect ischemia will have profound therapeutic possibilities that could further reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with acute coronary syndrome.     

Cardiac markers in the low-risk chest pain patient

With the arrival of point-of-care cardiac marker determination, emergency physicians may be able to arrive at the diagnosis of cardiac ischemia faster than ever before. However, these tests must be used with care, as a lack of understanding about when and how they should be obtained is important both for good patient care and to avoid medicolegal pitfalls. This report reviews risk stratification of patients who present with chest pain, provides an overview of cardiac markers and literature supporting their use, and concludes with a practice guideline for the utilization of cardiac markers in the emergency department.     

NGAL、NAG和炎症指标对脓毒症患者急性肾损伤早期诊断的价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基糖苷酶(NAG)和血降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、WBC对脓毒症患者急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析60例脓毒症患者的临床资料,按照患者入ICU 7 d内是否出现AKI分为AKI组和非AKI组,各30例。分析比较两组患者血NGAL、尿NGAL、尿NAG和各项炎症指标的不同。运用ROC曲线评价各指标对AKI早期诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果两组比较,尿NGAL(log10)、血PCT、血hs-CRP的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。两组血NGAL(log10)、尿NAG差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ROC曲线:尿NGAL的AUC为0.882(P<0.001),血PCT的AUC为0.756(P<0.001),血hs-CRP的AUC为0.739(P=0.001);当尿NGAL≥155.5 ng/mL时,诊断早期AKI的敏感性为0.833,特异性为0.900;当血PCT≥1.08 ng/mL时,诊断的敏感性为0.600,特异性为0.833;当血hs-CRP≥93.5 mg/L时,诊断的敏感性为0.567,特异性为0.867。结论脓毒症患者尿NGAL、血PCT和hs-CRP升高,对AKI的早期诊断有一定的临床价值。     

B-type natriuretic peptide: a novel early blood marker of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation.

AIMS: This study was undertaken to determine the diagnostic value of admission B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with acute chest pain and no ST-segment elevation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective study with 631 consecutive patients was conducted in the emergency department. Non-ST elevation AMI was present in 72 patients and their median admission BNP level was significantly higher than in unstable angina and non-acute coronary syndrome patients. Sensitivity of admission BNP for AMI (cut-off value of 100 pg/mL) was significantly higher than creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) and troponin-I on admission (70.8 vs. 45.8 vs. 50.7%, respectively, P<0.0001) and specificity was 68.9%. Simultaneous use of these markers significantly improved sensitivity to 87.3% and the negative predictive value to 97.3%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, admission BNP was a significant independent predictor of AMI, even when CKMB and troponin-I were present in the model. CONCLUSION: BNP is a useful adjunct to standard cardiac markers in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation, particularly if initial CKMB and/or troponin-I are non-diagnostic.     

Poor prognosis of patients presenting with symptomatic myocardial infarction but without chest pain

OBJECTIVE—To describe the clinical features, prognosis, and treatment of patients presenting with atypical forms of acute myocardial infarction.
DESIGN—Consecutive cases of possible acute myocardial infarction were sought from coronary care registers, biochemistry records, and hospital management systems. Case notes were reviewed and predefined epidemiological and clinical variables were abstracted.
SETTING—20 adjacent hospitals in the former Yorkshire region.
PATIENTS—3684 consecutive cases of possible acute myocardial infarction admitted in a three month period were identified, of whom 2096 had a first episode of confirmed acute myocardial infarction.
RESULTS—20.2% of all patients admitted with an eventual diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction presented with symptoms other than chest pain. Compared with the group presenting with chest pain, these patients were older (76.6 v 69.1 years, p < 0.001), were more often women (54.6% v 35.3%, p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of heart failure (18.6% v 6.9%, p < 0.001). They had a higher 30 and 365 day mortality (49.2% and 61.0%, respectively) compared with patients presenting with chest pain (17.9% and 26.2%). In a Cox regression analysis the hazard ratio for presentation without chest pain was 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.97) (p < 0.001) adjusted for age, heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular impairment, and infarction with ST segment elevation as covariates. Importantly, they were also less likely to receive treatments with a proven ability to improve prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS—Atypical presentation of myocardial infarction without chest pain is common and associated with increased mortality. This may result in part from a failure to use beneficial treatment strategies.


Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; atypical presentation     

The role of cardiac troponin t and other new biochemical markers in evaluation and risk stratification of patients with acute chest pain syndromes

Background and hypothesis: Increased serum creatinine kinase (CK) and CK-MB enzyme levels have been used for years to detect myocardial infarction (MI). However, serum myoglobin and CK-MB mass or protein levels may indicate MI earlier; cardiac troponin T is the most specific marker of myocardial injury and it can detect even minor myocardial necrosis. The diagnostic and prognostic utility of the traditional and new markers of cardiac injury in the emergency evaluation of patients with acute chest pain syndromes were therefore compared. Methods: One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients with an acute coronary syndrome, and 64 controls recruited during the same period, were examined. The time elapsed from onset of symptoms to blood collection was recorded. Cardiac markers were measured in specimens collected upon arrival (0 h), and 2 and 5–9 h, and later in cases of longer observation. The major cardiac events occurring up to 40 months after the index examination were recorded. Results: cTnT levels provided unique information: they were the most specific indicators of myocardial damage and identified unstable angina patients at high risk of future major events. Up to 6 h after the onset of chest pain, the new markers were elevated more frequently than the traditional ones and permitted earlier MI recognition. The worst prognosis (nonfatal myocardial infarction or death) was noted in subjects with chest pain at rest within 48 h before the index examination and elevated cTnT levels. Conclusions: The new markers, particularly cardiac troponin T, offer considerable advantages and they should be more widely used in the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes.     

芬太尼后处理联合缺血后适应对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌坏死标志物的影响

目的 观察芬太尼后处理联合缺血后适应对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌坏死标志物及心肌梗死面积的变化,探讨其对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 32只日本大耳白兔,采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min、复灌120 min建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型.按“随机数字表法”随机分为4组,每组8只：假手术组,动脉下仅穿线不结扎;缺血再灌注组,直接恢复再灌注;缺血后适应组,缺血后适应后恢复再灌注;芬太尼后处理＋缺血后适应组,缺血28 min给予芬太尼5μg· kg-1后处理,30 min予以缺血后适应.测定各组心肌坏死标志物（心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度与肌酸激酶同工酶蛋白活力浓度）、计算心肌梗死面积及观察室性心律失常发生率.结果 芬太尼后处理＋缺血后适应组较缺血后适应组、缺血再灌注组外周血心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度、肌酸激酶同工酶酶蛋白活力浓度降低,心肌梗死面积减小,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.缺血后适应组较缺血再灌注组外周血心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度、肌酸激酶同工酶酶蛋白活力浓度降低,心肌梗死面积减小,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.芬太尼后处理＋缺血后适应组、缺血后适应组较缺血再灌注组室性心律失常发生率降低[0 vs.50％（4/4）,P＜0.05;12.5％（1/7）vs.50％（4/4）,P＜0.05],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 芬太尼后处理联合心肌缺血后适应显著降低兔心肌缺血再灌注心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度、肌酸激酶同工酶酶蛋白活力浓度,减少心肌梗死面积,降低室性心律失常发生率,可减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

NEAT1和miR-206与急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤及预后的相关性分析

目的 探究血清核富集转录体1（NEAT1）、微小RNA-206（miR-206）对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后心肌损伤及心血管不良事件（MACE）的预测价值。方法 选取2017年1月-2020年1月在本院行PCI手术的急性冠脉综合征患者102例为研究对象,根据治疗6个月后是否发生心肌损伤及术后随访12个月是否发生MACE,分为心肌损伤组（32例）和心肌未损伤组（70例）,MACE组（24例）和非MACE组（78例）。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清中miR-206、NEAT1水平,采用Pearson法分析miR-206水平与NEAT1水平的相关性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价血清NEAT1、miR-206预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤及MACE的价值。结果 与心肌未损伤组相比,心肌损伤组血清NEAT1水平较高（P＜0.05）,血清miR-206水平较低（P＜0.05）;与非MACE组相比,MACE组术后肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、术后肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、血清NEAT1水平较高（P＜0.05）,血清miR-206水平较低（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线显示,血清miR-206水平预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤及MACE的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.813、0.824,血清NEAT1水平预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤及MACE的AUC分别为0.851、0.876,二者联合预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤的AUC为0.908,二者联合预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后MACE的AUC为0.926;心肌损伤组及MACE组患者血清miR-206水平与NEAT1水平均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 急性冠脉综合征PCI术后心肌损伤患者血清NEAT1表达上调,血清miR-206表达下调,miR-206、NEAT1可预估急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌损伤及MACE,且二者联合预测价值较高。