血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究血清胆红素水平以及胆红素与血脂的综合指标与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选取96例于我院行冠状动脉造影术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）患者,根据临床症状、心肌损伤标志物、心电图以及冠状动脉造影（简称“冠造”）时机分为因急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊冠造组及临床疑似或确诊冠心病行择期冠造组。测定患者血清总胆红素（TBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）及计算TC／（HDL—C＋TBIL）、LDL—C／（HDL—C＋TBIL）比值。按照GENSINI评分评价冠状动脉病变严重程度。结果急诊冠造组患者TBIL水平明显高于择期冠造组中Gensini积分〉35分患者（P〈0．05）。近期未服用过降脂药物的择期冠造组患者,Gensini积分第一、二、三4分位组血清TC／（HDL—C＋TBIL）及LDL—C／（HDL—C＋TBIL）比值明显低于第四4分位组（P〈0．05）。而第一、二、三4分位组之间血清TC／（HDL—C＋TBIL）及LDL—C／（HDL—C＋TBIL）比值无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。C,ensini积分与TC／（HDL—C＋TBIL）的相关性（r=0．539,P〈0．001）及Gensini积分与LDL—C／（HDL—C＋TBIL）的相关性（r=0．488,P〈0．001）均高于传统血脂指标与狭窄积分的相关性：结论急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者TBIL反馈性升高。TC／（HDL—C＋TBIL）、LDL—C／（HDL—C＋TBIL）与冠状动脉狭窄评分的相关性高于传统血脂指标与冠脉狭窄程度的相关性。     

血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 研究血清胆红素水平以及胆红素与血脂的综合指标与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 选取96例于我院行冠状动脉造影术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者,根据临床症状、心肌损伤标志物、心电图以及冠状动脉造影(简称"冠造")时机分为因急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊冠造组及临床疑似或确诊冠心病行择期冠造组.测定患者血清总胆红素(TBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)及计算TC/(HDL-C+TBIL)、LDL-C /(HDL-C+TBIL)比值.按照GENSINI评分评价冠状动脉病变严重程度.结果 急诊冠造组患者TBIL水平明显高于择期冠造组中Gensini积分>35分患者(P<0.05).近期未服用过降脂药物的择期冠造组患者, Gensini积分第一、二、三4分位组血清TC/(HDL-C+TBIL) 及LDL-C/(HDL-C+TBIL)比值明显低于第四4分位组(P<0.05).而第一、二、三4分位组之间血清TC/(HDL-C+TBIL) 及LDL-C/(HDL-C+TBIL)比值无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).Gensini积分与TC/(HDL-C+TBIL)的相关性(r=0.539,P<0.001)及Gensini积分与LDL-C/(HDL-C+TBIL) 的相关性(r=0.488,P<0.001)均高于传统血脂指标与狭窄积分的相关性.结论 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者TBIL反馈性升高.TC/(HDL-C+TBIL) 、LDL-C/ (HDL-C+TBIL)与冠状动脉狭窄评分的相关性高于传统血脂指标与冠脉狭窄程度的相关性.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

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颈动脉不同类型的粥样硬化斑块与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的　探讨颈动脉不同类型的粥样硬化斑块与冠状动脉病变的关系 ,为早期诊断冠心病及评价冠心病病情提供一种无创而简便的方法。方法　以 16 8例怀疑或诊断为冠心病者为研究对象 ,用PHILIPSSD 80 0彩色多普勒超声仪评价颈总动脉分叉部和颈内动脉起始段 2 .0cm范围内粥样硬化情况。将颈动脉内壁分为六种类型 :①内膜无增厚 ,内膜厚度 <1.0mm ;②内膜增厚 ,但厚度 <1.2mm ;③内膜下出现脂质条纹和脂质斑块即称为扁平斑 ;④内膜下大量脂质沉积并可见斑内出血即为软斑 ;⑤斑块钙化或纤维化即为硬斑 ;⑥复合斑。用Judkins法行选择性冠状动脉造影 ,管腔狭窄≥ 5 0 %为阳性标准。根据临床病情 ,将冠状动脉造影结果阳性者分为单支病变和多支病变两组 ,根据病情再将冠心病患者分为不稳定心绞痛或心肌梗死和其他病情两组。用SPSS/PC软件进行统计分析 ,χ2 检验比较各组结果 ,多因素分析采用多元逐步回归分析。P <0 .0 5时认为有统计学差异。结果　 (1)冠状动脉造影发现单支病变组有 5 4例 ,多支病变组有 72例 ,阴性者 4 2例。彩色多普勒超声仪检测发现 ,与阴性者相比 ,单支病变组和多支病变组的内膜增厚、扁平斑、软斑、硬斑及复合斑的发生率明显升高 (表 1) ,差异具有显著性统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。单支病变组     

高血压前期患者血尿酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究探讨高血压前期患者血清尿酸（UA）水平的变化及其与颈动脉粥样硬化的病变关系。方法在我院就诊者中选出高血压前期者（A组）76例、正常血压者（B组）80例、原发性高血压者（C组）80例,测定其血清UA水平,同时测定颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）和血脂水平。结果 A、C组UA、LDL-C和IMT水平均高于B组（P〈0.05）;血清UA与IMT呈正相关（r=0.312、P=0.017）。结论高血压前期患者血清UA水平升高,随着血清UA水平的升高,颈动脉粥样硬化病变也增加。     

脂蛋白(a)与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变严重程度的关系

目的结合在南京医科大学第一附属医院行选择性冠状动脉造影术的456例江苏籍病人的冠状动脉病变严重程度和血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)],调查江苏人群血清Lp(a)水平是否与冠状动脉病变严重程度存在着显著关联,以及是否可以作为冠心病的一个预测指标。方法选择2002年7月1日—2003年4月30日在南京医科大学第一附属医院心内科,因为胸闷、胸痛而行选择性冠状动脉造影术的467例江苏籍病人,进行选择性冠状动脉造影,所有造影的结果均由有经验的心脏介入医生判读,将左前降支、左回旋支、对角支及右冠状动脉的管腔面积狭窄百分数相加,即得到冠状动脉病变分数(CS)。所有病例于清晨空腹采取静脉血5mL,经EDTA抗凝,进行血生化27项检查,从中获得Lp(a)。然后将所得结果进行统计学分析。结果在全部样本中,血清Lp(a)水平与冠状动脉病变分数存在良好的正相关性,只是在老年(>55岁)男性,两者无明显相关性。结论血清Lp(a)水平是冠状动脉病变严重程度的一个较好的预测指标,但在老年男性中,其价值有待进一步验证。     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对冠状动脉病变的影响

目的 通过回顾性研究探讨不同血脂指标的控制对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变加重的影响.方法 入选在我院成功行支架植入术并于3个月后至1年内回院复查冠状动脉造影的患者,复查时间平均为7.4 ±2.2个月.未行介入治疗的其它冠状动脉若发生狭窄加重大于原来的25%以上定为粥样硬化病变加重.发生冠状动脉粥样硬化病变加重者95例,无变化者307例.患者于入院即介入手术前及复查冠状动脉造影前均测定了血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇应用公式(总胆固醇-高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)计算.结果 复查时病变加重组和无变化组总胆固醇(4.62±1.14 mmol/L比4.26±1.01 mmol/L)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(2.51±0.93 mmol/L比2.25±0.75 mmol/L)及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(3.52±1.12mmoL/L比3.20±0.98 mmol/L),三者差异均有显著性(P<0.05),应用Logistic多因素分析显示均与病变加重发生 相关.结论 总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆目醇及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平是未行介入治疗的其它冠状动脉粥样硬化病变加重的重要危险因素,应重视冠心病患者非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的有效控制.     

冠状动脉狭窄病变特点与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

2003年1月-2006年6月，我们应用冠状动脉造影和B超检测了200例疑似冠心病患者的颈动脉变化，旨在探讨冠状动脉狭窄病变特点与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）程度的关系。     

甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与冠状动脉病变程度关系探讨

目的分析甘油三酯(三酰甘油)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值与冠状动脉病变的关系,探讨其在冠心病检测中的意义.方法分析148例选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病(CHD)患者(CHD组)及58例冠脉造影阴性者(对照组)的TG/HDL-C比值与CHD之间的关系.结果CHD组患者的TG/HDL-C比值水平明显高于对照组(2.08±0.963vs1.26±0.685,P＜0.001).随着病变支数的增加,血清TG/HDL-C比值水平也相应的增加.经多元Logistic回归分析显示TG/HDL-C比值水平与冠状动脉严重程度有密切关系(OR=2.1;95%的可信区间为1.4～3.2).结论TG/HDL-C比值水平越高,冠状动脉病变越严重.TG/HDL-C比值对CHD诊断有一定临床使用价值.     

低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL—C）水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的关系。方法经选择性冠状动脉造影328例，根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和对照组；冠心病组根据病变范围分为单支病变、双支病变、多支病变：根据病变狭窄程度分为轻度、中度、重度狭窄组。分别测定其血脂水平。结果冠心病组甘油三酯、LDL-C和总胆固醇水平明显高于对照组。总胆固醇和LDL—C水平与冠状动脉病变呈正相关；双支病变组与三支病变组明显高于对照组及单支病变组（P〈0．01），中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组明显高于对照组及轻度狭窄组（P〈0．01）。结论总胆固醇与LDL-C能够反映冠心病患者冠状动脉的病变情况，其水平随冠状动脉病变范围及病变程度的加重而升高，可作为预测冠状动脉病变的一个因素。     

吡格列酮对实验性动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂水平的影响及临床意义

目的观察吡格列酮对高脂饮食诱导动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠血脂水平的影响,并探索其临床意义。方法设清洁型SD大鼠26只,随机分为对照组(n=9)、高脂饮食组(n=17),高脂饮食组喂养12周后再随机分为模型组(n=8)和吡格列酮组(n=9),分别给予蒸馏水、蒸馏水(1.5ml/100g)和吡格列酮10mg/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d,同时继续高脂饮食,干预4周后,检测各组血脂水平并观察主动脉病理形态学改变。结果高脂饮食喂养12周后,与对照组相比,模型组和吡格列酮组三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)显著升高(P<0.01)。给药干预4周后,吡格列酮组干预后TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)较干预前明显降低(P<0.01),与模型组比较,吡格列酮组TG、TC水平明显降低(P<0.01)。且可减轻高脂饮食诱导的主动脉内膜增厚和平滑肌细胞增殖。结论吡格列酮可改善高脂血症大鼠血脂水平,延缓主动脉粥样硬化病理改变,提示吡格列酮的抗动脉粥样硬化作用可能部分归于血脂改善效应。     

Hepatitis C virus infection causes hypolipidemia regardless of hepatic damage or nutritional state: An epidemiological survey of a large Japanese cohort

Aim: Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis that develops into hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous studies have shown in vitro that lipids within hepatocytes are crucially important for a series of HCV infection–proliferation–release processes. On the other hand, in the patients with HCV, the serum total cholesterol (Total‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels have been reported to be lower. We conducted an epidemiological survey of a large cohort and investigated whether the lower serum lipid levels were caused by a direct or the secondary effects of HCV infection (i.e. hepatic damage or nutritional disorder). Methods: Among 146 857 participants (male, 34%; female, 66%) undergoing public health examinations between 2002 and 2007 in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, the HCV positive rates determined by HCV antibody/antigen and/or RNA tests were 1.37% and 0.67% in males and females, respectively. Results: In addition to Total‐C and LDL‐C, serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were also significantly lower in the HCV positive subjects compared with the negative subjects, regardless of sex, age or nutritional state evaluated by body mass index. Multivariate analysis showed that HCV infection was the strongest among the factors to be significantly associated with the lower level of these lipids. Particularly, the hypolipidemia was also confirmed in the HCV positive subjects with normal aminotransferase levels (alanine aminotransferase ≤30 and aspartate aminotransferase ≤30). Conclusion: This epidemiological survey in a large Japanese cohort suggests that the HCV infection itself might directly cause hypolipidemia, irrespective of host factors including age, hepatic damage and nutritional state.     

Detection of the "midband" lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery spasm

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia in patients with coronary vasospasm has been characterized by a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, distinct from patients with organic coronary artery disease. HYPOTHESIS: Disordered triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism may be linked to the genesis of coronary artery spasm. METHODS: The incidence of the "midband" lipoprotein observed between very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL bands in the polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic analysis was determined in 48 patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA), in 50 patients with stable effort angina and a significant fixed coronary stenosis (SEA), and in 40 control subjects without coronary artery disease (Control). RESULTS: The incidence was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CSA (71%) than in SEA (50%) and Control (25%). Smoking was significantly (p < 0.05) more prevalent in CSA (77%) than in SEA (50%) and Control (50%). In SEA, serum levels of triglyceride and apoproteins C-II, C-III, and E were all significantly higher, and the serum level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the midband-positive than in the midband-negative subgroup. In CSA, no significant differences were found in these serum levels between the midband-positive and -negative subgroups, except for a significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of HDL cholesterol in the former. However, a significantly (p < 0.05) higher incidence of diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance was noted in the midband-positive (41%) than in the midband-negative subgroup (7%) in CSA. The incidence of the detected midband lipoprotein was significantly decreased in the blood samples obtained from 20 of CSA after a > 6-month angina-free period (70-->25%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The midband lipoprotein was frequently detected in patients with coronary vasospasm, suggesting that dyslipidemia with disordered triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism may be linked to the genesis of coronary artery spasm.     

Genetics of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein AI and premature coronary artery disease

Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) predict premature coronary artery disease, as do elevated levels of apolipoprotein B or reduced levels of apolipoprotein AI. Probands were studied of families with common genetic forms of dyslipidaemia to determine if apo B or apo AI define genetic groups and if apo B or apo AI levels relate to premature coronary artery disease risk. Elevated apo B was characteristic of familial hypercholesterolaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL), and was seen in individuals with elevated Lp(a). Normal apo B levels were seen in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and in 'coronary artery disease with low-HDL cholesterol'. Apo AI levels tended to be low in FCHL and were decreased in 'coronary disease with low-HDL cholesterol'. In familial hypertriglyceraemia, even though HDL-C levels were low, normal apo AI and apo B levels were seen in the absence of premature coronary artery disease. Therefore, in genetic dyslipidaemias elevated apo B levels and reduced apo AI levels (or increased apo B/AI ratio) differ and predict premature coronary artery disease.     

Relationship between coronary atherosclerotic stenosis and cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis

To investigate the relationship between severity of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis stenosis and that of coronary atherosclerosis stenosis.Methods Cerebral angiography and coronary angiography were performed in 34 patients who had coronary disease with cerebral ischemia.Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the degree ofstenosis on angiography,concomitant diseases,risk factors and biochemical data.Results The follow-up study showed that the incidence of cardiac and cerebrovascular death increased significantly in patients with moderate to severe stenosis of coronary and cerebral arteries;the severity of stenosis in the coronary artery parallels that in the solitary carotid artery,or dual carotid and vertebral arteries.Conclusions Patients with coronary and cerebral artery stenosis,especially those with multi-risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking,should receive intensive treatment to reduce cardiac and cerebrovascular events.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:227-229)     

稳定型冠心病患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B浓度与SYNTAX评分的关系

目的探讨稳定型冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(stable coronary artery disease,SCAD)患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和载脂蛋白B浓度与SYNTAX评分的关系。方法回顾性选择2016年1月至2017年12月在宝鸡市中心医院接受冠状动脉造影检查确诊的SCAD患者150例作为研究对象,根据SYNTAX评分结果将患者分为0~22分组(低分组,n=80)、23~32分组(中分组,n=40)和33分以上组(高分组,n=30)。SYNTAX评分与不同临床特征间的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果3组患者血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW)、红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)、纤维蛋白原、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、LDL-C、脂蛋白a、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B、SYNTAX评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,SYNTAX评分与HDL-C、载脂蛋白A1呈负相关(P<0.05),与纤维蛋白原、总胆固醇、LDL-C、PDW、RDW、脂蛋白a、载脂蛋白B呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,HDL-C、LDL-C、纤维蛋白原、载脂蛋白B均是影响冠状动脉病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论随着血清LDL-C、载脂蛋白B浓度的升高,SCAD患者SYNTAX评分升高,冠状动脉病变严重程度加重。血清LDL-C、载脂蛋白B浓度可作为判断SCAD患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的参考指标。     

Alteration of platelet counts and lipid profiles after treatment of acute Plasmodium vivax

During malaria infections, thrombocytopenia and low cholesterol levels are frequently observed changes. We compared these changes in patients admitted with fevers and infected with Plasmodium vivax, patients admitted with fevers with respiratory/urinary infections and afebrile normal (control) non-infected volunteers. Changes in the platelet count and lipid parameters are reported for malaria patients after treatment with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine for acute P. vivax malaria. Of a total 141 participants, 55 patients were diagnosed with malaria (positive blood smear) prior to treatment. Compared to the normal (n=52) and non-malaria fever groups (n=34), there was a significant decrease in five hematologic indices (white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet) and three lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL-c) in the vivax malaria group at day 0 (pre-treatment). Following treatment, the platelet counts returned to normal limits (P<0.05) from 91,058/microL on day 0 to 246,833/microL by day 17 after treatment. However, changes in the lipid parameters of malaria patients showed a slow recovery to normal limits compared to the platelet counts. The HDL-c and LDL-c remained low for 1 month after treatment but increased at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. At 12 months after treatment, the levels of two lipid parameters had fully recovered to the normal limits. Thus, special attention should be applied when interpreting laboratory blood profiles of malaria patients, especially platelet and lipid based tests, until full recovery after treatment.     

Therapy to reduce risk of coronary heart disease

Recent primary and secondary intervention studies have shown that reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins significantly reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality. However, many patients with dyslipidemia who have or are at risk for CHD do not reach target LDL-C goals. The recently updated National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines identify a group of patients at very high risk for CHD for more aggressive LDL-C reduction and reaffirm the importance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by raising the categorical threshold to 40 mg/dl. Lipid-lowering therapy needs to be more aggressive in both primary and secondary prevention settings, and therapy should be considered to increase HDL-C as well as lower LDL-C in order to improve patient outcomes. Both combination therapy and the next generation of statins may provide improved efficacy across the dyslipidemia spectrum.     

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其相关因子载脂蛋白A-I和血清淀粉样蛋白A与非糖尿病性冠心病的关系

目的 观察高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)相关因子载脂蛋白A-I(apoA-I)和血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)对非糖尿病性冠心病的影响.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测冠心病组(94例)及对照组(86例)患者血浆中apoA-I和SAA,观察HDL-C,apoA-I及SAA和冠心病发病之间的关系,并与人口学因素、血脂和炎症...