非特异性精神发育迟滞的遗传方式分析

采用分离分析等遗传流行病学方法，从父母婚配型角度对１５７个非特异性精神发育迟滞的家系进行了分析，结果表明：Ｕ×Ｕ婚配型属于常染色体隐性，同时还有多基因的主基因效应；Ｕ×Ａ婚配型符合常染色体显性，不完全外显     

原发性高血压的分离分析

用Ｍｏｒｔｏｎ的不完全确认条件下的分离分析方法，对１４１个原发性高血压核心家庭进 行假设检验及最大似然估计，在ＩＢＭ微机上进行计算。结果表明、根据不同病例来源所分的总体、 医院、群体３组资料中，Ａ×Ｕ和Ｕ×Ｕ婚配型都接受显性遗传分离比的假设，分离比依次为 ０．２８６、０．２６０、０．３０５，外显率依次为０．５７２、０．５２０、０．６１０。Ｕ×Ｕ婚配型中，存在散发病例。ＵＸＵ多 发家庭中，不排斥Ｐ＝０．５的假设。提示原发性高血压有常染色体显性遗传不完全外显的倾向。     

视网膜色素变性与遗传

本文报导142例属118个家系的视网膜色素变性患着。对其遗传方式、近亲婚配与合并病作了分析。发现常染色体隐性遗传最为常见,常染色体显性及性连锁隐性遗传次之。隐性型发病早,病情发展快、中年可失明;显性型发病晚,症状较轻,发展也慢,晚年仍可保持有用视力。     

视网膜色素变性的遗传学调查

本文报道174例属135个家系的视网膜色素变性患者,对其遗传方式、近亲婚配与合并病作了分析。发现常染色体隐性遗传最常见,常染色体显性及性连锁隐性遗传次之。隐性型发病早,病情发展快,中年可失明;显性型发病晚,症状较轻,发展慢,晚年仍可保持有效视力。     

家族性的原发性高血压遗传方式分析

应用遗传系谱分析法和Smith公式分离分析法来探讨家族性的原发性高血压遗传方式。对72个原发性高血压的大家系,包括167个核心家系进行分析。家系分析结 果:家族性高血压存在着明显的连续传代现象,均符合常染色体显性遗传(autosomal dom-inant inheritance AD)。用Smith校正公式分析,Ddxdd和Dd×Dd的婚配家系,按这一公式进行理论值与观察值符合程度的卡方检验,其X_4~2值为2.56,P>0.05。因此,经两种方法分析结果表明:家族性的原发性高血压为常染色体显性遗传方式。同时,经系谱分析发现7个家系为常染体隐性遗传方式。因此也支持家族性高血压存在着遗传异质性的观点。     

原发性高血压的遗传异质性研究

用分离分析方法对１６１个原发性高血压患者核心家系进行了遗传异质性分析。结果表明原发性高血压存在遗传异质性，有些家系为常染色体显性遗传，外显不全，外显率为８８．１％；有些家系为散发的。本组家系中，常染色体显性外显不全家系占８２．８％，散发家系占１７．１２％。     

原发性高血压的分离分析

用Ｍｏｒｔｏｎ的不完全确认条件下的分离分析方法，对１４１个原发性高血压核心家庭进行假设检测及最大似然估计，在ＩＢＭ微机上进行计算，结果表明，根据不同病例来源分析的总值，医院，群体３组资料中，Ａ×Ｕ和Ｕ×Ｕ婚配型都受显性遗传分离比的假设，分离比依次为０．２８６，０．２６０，０．３０５，外显率依次为０．５７２．０．５２０，０．６１０。Ｕ×Ｕ婚配型中，存在散发病例。Ｕ×Ｕ多发家庭中，不排斥Ｐ＝０．５的假     

遗传性垂体性侏儒症家系的调查

垂体性侏儒症是由于先天的（原发的）或后天的（继发的）原因，导致垂体前叶功能不足，生长激素分泌减少，阻碍身体生长与发育，身材矮小。原发性垂体侏儒症，病因不明，部分属遗传性疾病。继发性垂体侏儒，由于垂体周围组织有各种病变，包括肿瘤，如颅咽管瘤、垂体黄色瘤等；感染如脑炎、脑膜炎、结核病；血管病变及外伤。遗传性垂体性侏儒症的遗传方式有常染色体隐性遗传、常染色体显性遗传或散发性分布。我们调查的两个遗传性垂体性侏儒症家系，分别为常染色体隐性遗传和常染色体显性遗传。     

COCH基因与DFNA9的相关性研究

耳聋是人类的常见疾病,其导致语言交流障碍,严重影响人们的健康和生活质量。引起耳聋的病因很多,其中遗传因素是不可忽视的病因。目前已发现许多基因突变与耳聋有关,其中常染色体显性遗传非综合征型耳聋基因位点有54个,常染色体隐性遗传非综合征型耳聋基因位点有59个,X连锁遗传位点有8个。其中已克隆的与非综合征型耳聋基因相关的基因包括常染色体显性遗传和常染色体隐性遗传耳聋基因各有21个,其中两者共有基因6个,X染色体上有1个基因[1]。COCH(coagulation factor C homology)基因是人类发现的第1个伴前庭功能障碍的常染色体显性遗传非…     

成人型多囊肾家系调查

多囊肾(polycystickidneydiseaSe)是泌尿系统较常见遗传性疾病。以往把该病分为成人型与婴JL(或儿童)型多囊性肾病两类。现知两者的区别在于遗传方式的不同，成人型多囊肾为常染色体显性遗传的常染色体显性多囊肾病(ADP．KD)，而婴儿型多囊肾多为常染色体隐性遗传的常染色体隐性多囊肾病(MRRKD)。其中ADPYd)为世界性疾病，患病率为11200-111000。本病主要特征是肾脏发生囊肿，且渐增大增多，常伴有肾外器官如肝、脾、胰、卵巢等多囊性病变。本文仅对一典型成人型多囊肾家系进行分析。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.