ERBD治疗恶性胆道梗阻20例临床观察

目的:探讨ERBD (内镜下逆行胆道内引流术) 治疗难以手术切除的恶性胆道梗阻的效果.方法:通过十二指肠镜对20例由6 种晚期恶性肿瘤引起的梗阻性黄疸患者,施行逆行胆道内支架植入术,全部获成功.结果:18例患者血清总胆红素降至正常,余2 例下降了约50%.结论:ERBD 能明显减轻恶性胆道梗阻患者的黄疸症状,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的：总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验。方法：92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果：92例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显。术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例。结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法。     

内镜下胆道支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻临床观察与护理

目的:总结通过纤维十二指肠镜逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)放置胆道内支架治疗晚期恶性胆道梗阻的临床观察和护理.方法:32例恶性梗阻性黄疸的患者,均行ERCP(经内镜逆行胰胆管造影)术,根据情况置人不同支架.结果:术后黄疸逐渐消退,皮肤瘙痒等症状消失或减轻.插管成功的30例患者血清总胆红素从(170.84±101.72)μmol/L下降到术后l周(105.42±82.44)μmol/L,发生并发症2例,其中急性胰腺炎1例,胆管炎l例,并发症发生率均为3.33％.结论:全部患者经过精心护理和健康教育,临床症状显著缓解,生存质量明显改善.     

经内镜胆道支架置入内引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效分析及其对细胞免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨经内镜胆道支架置入内引流(ERBD)术治疗晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效及其对细胞免疫功能的影响。[方法]收集2009年1月至2012年12月间接受ERBD术的晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料并随访。[结果]58例中51例成功置入支架,成功率为87.9%。支架置入组患者术后黄疸逐渐消退,皮肤瘙痒等症状明显缓解或消失,术后3d、1周血清TB、DB、AST、ALT、ALP、GGT各项指标与术前相比均明显下降(P均<0.05)。术后细胞免疫功能逐步改善,与术前比较术后2周的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显升高(P均<0.05)。[结论]ERBD术治疗恶性胆道梗阻疗效确切,同时能一定程度地改善患者细胞免疫功能,对提高患者生存质量,延长生命具有较满意效果。     

恶性胆道梗阻双介入治疗13例

目的：评价胆道引充及结合动脉内灌注化疗在恶性胆道梗阻中的治疗效果。方法：在13例患者中（男8例,女5例）4例行经皮肝穿胆道引流（PTCD）,9例放置胆道内支架,置入支架类型：国产镍钛记忆合金支架6例,被膜支架3例,所有病例定期做肿瘤供动脉插管灌注化疗。结果：W一部病例经引流后梗阻性黄疸症状迅速消失,黄疸逐日消退,随访4例13个月,7例于PTCD和支架放置术后4至11个月死亡,生存的6例无再闭塞发生,支架无移位。结论：本疗法是一种对恶性梗阻性黄疸比较理想的姑息性治疗方法。     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的:总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验.方法: 92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术.根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式.结果: 92 例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显.术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例.结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法.     

经内镜胆道金属支架引流术治疗恶性胆道梗阻的价值

目的回顾786例经内镜胆道金属支架引流术,探讨其治疗价值。方法在结合临床、影像学资料及尽可能获得的病理基础上确立恶性胆道梗阻,直接或在经内镜鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）、经内镜塑料内支架引流术（ERBD）过渡引流确定引流效果后行经内镜金属支架引流术（EMBE）,与姑息性手术及ERBD进行对照研究。结果一次操作成功率99.5%,减黄有效率为：满意68.4%,一般27.5%,无效4.1%;其中低位梗阻减黄有效率（满意＋一般）达96.6%,高位梗阻减黄有效率82.4%,支架平均通畅期289天,平均生存期310天,并发症率6.7%,死亡率1.2%。结论在严格掌握适应证的基础上,EMBE是安全有效解除恶性胆道梗阻的方法,对中晚期胆道肿瘤患者基本可替代姑息性胆道手术治疗。     

经皮肝穿刺内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻52例报告

目的总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效及其经验。方法在DSA下对52例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内置入金属内支架治疗。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果52例患者中,45例植入单支支架于肝总管和(或)胆总管,7例植入2支以上支架于总管和分支胆管,其中2例为肝内胆管支架再狭窄后的重新植入。52例患者术前血清胆红素(236.25±112.27)μmol/L,术后2周复查血清胆红素下降到(120.40±51.20)μmol/L(P<0.01),并发症5例(9.62%)。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术是治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的有效的治疗方法。     

金属内支架在恶性胆道梗阻中的应用

恶性胆道梗阻的传统治疗方法是采用外科手术切除或胆道空肠吻合术;不宜手术的患者,平均生存期不足3个月。目前,金属内支架的应用为老年患者提供了一种良好的治疗手段,它具有创伤小、恢复快、相对安全的特点。2002年1月-2003年10月我们为20例恶性胆道梗阻并伴有黄疸的患者施行了经皮经肝胆道引流术和金属内支架置入术。     

PTBD及PTIBS治疗胆道恶性梗阻的临床研究

目的：探讨经皮经肝胆管引流术（percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD）和经皮经肝胆管内支架引流术（percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stent,PTIBS）治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的技术,疗效及并发症。方法：172例恶性胆道梗阻患者在影像监视下行PTBD或PTIBS,术后10天复查血清总胆红素和直接胆红素。结果：172例恶性胆道梗阻患者,行外引流者123例,行内外引流者34例,行胆道支架置入者15例。技术操作成功率100%。所有患者术后第10天血清总胆红素和直接胆红素明显下降,肝功能改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）。结论：PTBD和PTIBS是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,具有创伤小、操作简便、安全性高的优点。     

Application of endoscopic nasobiliary cutting in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Objective The aim of the study was to study the clinical efficacy and prognosis of endoscopically cutting the nasobiliary duct and leaving its residual segment as a biliary stent in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). Methods The clinical data of 55 patients with HC treated by endoscopic biliary drainage at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of our hospital (Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China) from August 2017 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different drainage schemes, patients were divided into the endoscopic nasobiliary cutting group (n = 26) and the endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) group (n = 29). The postoperative liver function indexes, incidence of postoperative complications, median patency period of stents, and median survival time of patients were compared between the two groups. Results Liver function indexes (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) were significantly decreased in 55 patients a week postoperaticely (P < 0.05), and decreases in liver function indexes in the endoscopic nasobiliary cutting group were more significant than those in the ERBD group (P < 0.05). The incidence of biliary tract infection in the endoscopic nasobiliary cutting group was significantly lower than that in the ERBD group (15.40％ vs. 41.4％, P < 0.05). In the endoscopic nasobiliary cutting subgroups, there were 1 and 3 cases of biliary tract infection in the gastric antrum cutting group (n = 21) and duodenal papilla cutting group (n = 5), respectively, and 0 cases and 2 cases of displacement, respectively; there was a statistically significant difference in terms of complications between the two subgroups (P < 0.05). The median patency period (190 days) and median survival time (230 days) in the nasobiliary duct cutting group were higher than those (169 days and 202 days) in the ERBD group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The nasobiliary duct was cut by using endoscopic scissors in Stage Ⅱ after the bile was fully drained through the nasobiliary duct. The residual segment could still support the bile duct and drain bile. The reduction of jaundice and the recovery of liver enzymes were significant, and the incidence of biliary tract infection was low. Cutting off the nasobiliary duct at the duodenal papilla results in a higher incidence of biliary tract infection, and the residual segment of the nasobiliary duct is more likely to be displaced. Endoscopic nasobiliary-cutting drainage is an effective, simple, and safe method to reduce jaundice in the palliative treatment of HC.     

58例恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗分析

目的：对58例恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗进行分析。方法：回顾性分析恶性梗阻性黄疸患者58例,男性30例,女性28例,平均年龄（60±29）岁,所有患者均经CT及MRI检查,结合临床确诊为恶性梗阻性黄疸,全部行PTCD或胆道支架置入,28例患者术后给予TACE治疗,3例患者行PTGD治疗。结果：58例患者均胆道穿刺成功,置入引流管或放置胆道支架,各项胆红素（TBL,DBL,IBL）下降至正常者50例,无明显下降者5例,升高者3例,28例行TACE治疗,6例行PTGD治疗。结论：PTCD及胆道支架置入缓解梗阻性黄疸明显,先TACE治疗患者生存期超过未行TACE治疗患者,高位梗阻患者（特别是老年患者）预后较差。     

金属胆道支架植入联合介入化疗治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效

目的评价金属胆道支架植入联合介入化疗治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法对20例接受金属胆道支架植入联合介入化疗治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,回顾性分析血清总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶的变化,以及联合介入化疗后的生存时间和生存率。结果术后两周,血清总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶较术前明显下降,术后四周,9例患者的血清总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶恢复正常。本组病例的中位生存时间为6个月,半年及一年生存率分别为60%及35%。结论对于无法外科手术治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,金属胆道支架植入联合介入化疗能明显提高其生活质量及生存率。     

介入法支架植入术治疗恶性胆道梗阻

 目的探讨植入支架术治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效及其并发症。方法46例恶性胆道梗阻的患者在DSA的引导下接受经皮肝穿刺胆道支架植入术。结果46例放置了胆道支架，共用支架50只，其中13例为双支架，4例术后行经肝动脉化疗和（或）栓塞。减黄总有效率达85．4％。支架阻塞5例。主要并发症：败血症3例，肝功损害6例。结论支架植入术成功率高，减黄疗效好，是姑息性治疗恶性胆道梗阻安全简单的治疗方法。     

Impact of preoperative endoscopic cholangiography and biliary drainage in Ampulla of Vater cancer

Background

Ampulla of Vater (AOV) carcinoma is a rare malignancy but has a relatively good prognosis. The aims of this study were to determine the clinicopathologic factors associated with survival and disease recurrence in patients with AOV cancer, focusing on the impact of preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and type of biliary drainage (endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage [ERBD] or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage [PTBD]).

恶性高位胆道梗阻经皮经肝胆道引流方式的疗效分析

目的：探讨恶性高位胆道梗阻患者经皮经肝胆道引流方式对术后近远期疗效影响,为临床选择适当的治疗方式提供依据。方法-回顾性分析我院108例恶性高位胆道梗阻患者,比较单侧引流（68例）和双侧引流（40例）,左右肝管是否相通,引流材料对近期胆红素下降值和生存情况的影响。结果：三组术后3—5天胆红素的下降值明显,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。随访1—36个月,单侧组和双侧组、单枚引流管与单枚支架生存率没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：恶性高位胆道梗阻以右侧入路单侧引流为主,生存期预计大于3个月,放置胆道支架,否则置入胆道引流管。     

Outcomes in percutaneous stenting of non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic malignant jaundice

MELLER M.T., ARTS G.R.J. & DEAN J.R. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 664–668 Outcomes in percutaneous stenting of non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic malignant jaundice The aim of this study is to review the practice and outcomes at our institution of percutaneous transhepatic placement of metallic biliary stents for non‐hepato‐biliary/pancreatic (non‐HBP) malignant obstructive jaundice. A retrospective review was performed of the records of all patients undergoing transhepatic stenting for non‐HBP malignant obstructive jaundice over a 7‐year period. A total of 25 patients were successfully stented and linear regression analysis of a variety of demographic, clinical and laboratory markers against survival was performed. Survival after stenting varied from 1 to 1354 days (median 58, mean 152). An initial bilirubin level less than 300 µmol/L (P= 0.01) and a reduction of greater than 50% in bilirubin post stenting (P= 0.02) were strong predictors of improved survival. Older patients survived longer than younger ones (P < 0.01). There was a weak association of survival with an albumin >30 g/L (P= 0.06), but no statistically significant correlation with creatinine or haemoglobin levels or active tumour treatment after stenting. There were few major complications from the procedures. Transhepatic metallic biliary stenting for non‐HBP malignant biliary obstruction is a safe and effective procedure, and with careful patient selection, significant periods of survival and palliation of jaundice can be achieved.     

三维适形放疗治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸35例

目的：观察三维适形放疗治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法：2000年10月-2007年12月,对35例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行三维适形放疗,每次3Gy,每周5次,总共15—19次（剂量45—57Gy）。结果：所有病例均完成治疗,病灶完全缓解率（cR）8例,占22．9％;部分缓解（PR）22例,占62．9％;无变化5例,占14．3％,总有效率85．8％,29例黄疸均有不同程度消退,没有严重的并发症发生。一年生存率为60％。结论：三维适形放疗对恶性梗阻性黄疸有较好的疗效,绝大多数患者能耐受,是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的一种有效方法。