经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠心病10 225例经验总结

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的发展及现状,为进一步提高PCI水平提供借鉴。方法回顾性分析1989年8月至2007年4月沈阳军区总医院心内科10225例PCI的冠心病住院患者的17762处靶病变临床和造影基线分布特征、PCI策略及围术期结果。结果患者年龄22～92岁,平均59.9岁。合并糖尿病2057例(20.1%),急性冠状动脉综合征8647例(84.6%),急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊PCI1428例(14.0%),心源性休克477例(4.7%),多支病变6701例(65.5%),左主干病变483例(4.7%),慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)1795例(17.2%)。总的病例成功率为98.5%,病变成功率98.3%,其中左主干病变成功率99.6%,CTO病变成功率90.5%。支架置入占总病例数的89.8%,人均置入支架1.45枚。AMI急诊PCI患者住院病死率4.4%(63/1428),AMI合并心源性休克患者住院期病死率19.7%(42/213)。围术期总病死率1.1%(113/10225),其中术中心源性死亡2例(0.02%),术后心源性死亡80例(0.8%)。围术期急诊冠状动脉搭桥2例(0.02%),急性、亚急性支架内血栓58例(0.57%),术中慢血流或无复流127例(占AMI急诊PCI总数的8.9%),总的围术期重要并发症发生率3.6%,其中与PCI操作相关的并发症发生率0.48%。存活出院者心绞痛缓解率98.6%。结论在技术成熟的心内科,PCI适应证范围广、成功率高、并发症发生率低、近期疗效较好,可作为冠心病的首选治疗手段之一,尤其对于AMI、心源性休克、左主干病变等高危患者,PCI可显著改善患者的近期预后。     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者院内死亡因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术住院期间死亡的危险因素及死亡原因。方法:438例接受急诊PCI的AMI患者,根据住院期间存活与否,分为死亡组(21例)和存活组(417例),比较两组患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影及介入治疗结果,分析发生院内死亡的原因及死亡预测因素。结果:死亡组患者中年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、多支闭塞(≥2支)、近段闭塞、梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级、IRA开通后即刻血压下降与存活组相比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的独立预测因素。死亡原因中,心源性休克8例(38.1%)、恶性心律失常6例(28.6%)分居第1和第2位。结论:年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的危险因素。心源性休克、恶性心律失常是急诊PCI手术住院期间主要死亡原因。     

国产药物支架在急性心肌梗死急诊介入中的疗效观察

目的评价国产药物支架(Firebird)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性及临床疗效。方法诊断ST段抬高AMI患者38例,平均年龄(61±8.3)岁,男性23例,女性15例。发病12h内急诊行PCI治疗,开通梗死相关血管(IRA)后,根据病变原则上行药物支架置入。观察住院期间(15.6±4.2)d心脏主要事件发生情况。结果共置入药物支架42枚,手术成功率100%,IRA为前降支l9例,左回旋支8例,右冠状动脉11例。即刻的前向血流TIMI3级34例,占89.7%,TIMI2级3例,占8.4%,3例术后出现不同程度左心衰,1例患者术后因心源性休克而死亡。结论研究显示国产药物支架在AMI患者行急诊PCI是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

老年人左主干病变所致急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效与特点

目的探讨老年人左主干急性闭塞或严重狭窄所致的急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊PCI的疗效与特点。方法选择在我中心完成AMI行急诊PCI的患者中以梗死相关血管为左主干的老年患者14例,7例合并心源性休克(50.0%),根据住院期间是否死亡分为死亡组7例和存活组7例,对比2组的临床及冠状动脉造影资料,对存活患者进行随访,了解是否发生严重心脏不良事件。结果共有12例患者接受PCI支架置入,其中2例于术后1h内死于导管室。与存活组比较,死亡组无侧支循环比例明显增高(100%vs 42.9%,P=0.02)。结论老年左主干急性病变所致AMI患者急性期病死率高,尤其合并心源性休克患者,但存活者远期预后较好。对于左主干非完全闭塞且有较好侧支循环者急诊PCI可能会降低院内病死率。     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效.方法急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗.术前IRA平均狭窄99.7%±0.3%,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例.其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败. 结果IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7%及95.2%,87.5%者TIMI血流恢复至3级.无手术并发症及术中发生死亡.平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2%)死亡.对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活.结论急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著.     

急诊PCI联合主动脉内球囊反搏对急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的疗效

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）联合主动脉球囊反搏术（IABP）治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）心源性休克患者的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析16例联合IABP行PCI治疗的AMI合并心源性休克患者的临床资料。结果：16例患者均成功置入IABP及行PCI术,IABP使用时间20～190（70.6±37.2）h,3例（18.75%）出现局部穿刺部位出血,经压迫后出血停止,除住院期间死亡1例（6.25%）,无重大并发症。结论：对于心源性休克患者,联合主动脉球囊反搏术行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗安全、有效。     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的:探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效。 方法:急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗。术前IRA平均狭窄99.7％±0.3％,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例。其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败。 结果:IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7％及95.2％,87.5％者TIMI血流恢复至3级。无手术并发症及术中发生死亡。平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2％)死亡。对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活。 结论:急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著。     

经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死165例的效果

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术（PCI）治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的临床疗效。方法：总结165例急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的PCI临床资料。结果：入选的165例AMI患者中单支病变45例（27．3％）,双支病变49例（29．7％）,三支或三支以上病变71例（43．0％）。165例患者行PCI,成功率98．8％,共置入支架205枚。梗死相关血管为前降支（LAD）90例（54．5％）,置入支架112枚;左回旋支（LCX）21例（12．7％）,置入支架23枚;右冠脉（RCA）54例（32．7％）,置入支架70枚。PCI术前出现心源性休克者18例（10．9％）,2例于术后死亡。结论：急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术疗效肯定。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克治疗中的应用

目的评价主动脉球囊反搏术(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克治疗中的应用价值。方法选取AMI合并心源性休克患者65例,其中IABP组30例,在IABP支持下行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),对照组35例,单纯行急诊PCI治疗。结果IABP组患者在IABP支持下,30 min后血流动力学指标改善,2~8 h血流动力学稳定,均完成梗死相关血管再通,没有血管再闭塞事件发生,无术中死亡,院内死亡率40%;对照组患者院内死亡率74.3%,其中6例在术中死亡。结论IABP可明显改善AMI合并心源性休克患者的血流动力学指标,增加冠状动脉的灌注;IABP可提高急诊PCI的成功率,减少术后低心排综合征及血管再闭塞事件的发生,降低院内死亡率,明显改善了AMI合并心源性休克患者的预后。     

国产药物洗脱支架早期介入治疗急性心肌梗死疗效观察

目的评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者接受国产药物洗脱支架（Firebird支架）的近期安全性及有效性。方法2007年1-12月我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者123例,所有患者均于发病12h内行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）。术后对患者进行随访,观察有无胸痛复发、心电图异常改变、重要心脏不良事件等。结果123例患者共置入Firebird支架152枚,术中1例患者死于反复支架内血栓、心源性休克,1例术后第2天死于心脏破裂。121例患者随访1-6个月,5例患者类似胸痛发作,其中2例复查了冠脉造影,无支架及节段内再狭窄,无1例死亡。结论国产药物洗脱支架治疗急性心肌梗死近期安全有效。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.