软组织矫形在先天性复拇指畸形矫治中的价值

目的 报告软组织矫形在先天性复拇指畸形(Wassel分型Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型)矫治中的疗效.方法 对78例83指按照Wassel分型属于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型先天性复拇指畸形的患儿,在处理骨骼的同时对指伸、屈肌腱行松解和力线重建、侧副韧带重建、拇短展肌止点重建及利用废弃指轴型皮肤复合组织瓣修复残指外观等处理.术后随访观察拇指外形及功能恢复情况.结果 术后72例76指获得随访,6例7指失访,随访时间为6个月至5年,其中4例5指出现继发畸形,经再次手术矫形后,外观及功能恢复良好,其余71指术后拇指外观及功能均得到明显改善,优良率为93.4％.结论 在复拇指畸形的矫治中软组织综合矫治亦起着至关重要的作用.     

桡偏型拇指挛缩畸形的手术治疗

目的探讨桡偏型拇指挛缩畸形矫形手术的治疗效果。方法对2009年6月至2013年6月收治的12例桡偏型拇指挛缩畸形患者进行矫形手术,采用瘢痕切除及软组织挛缩松解,骨关节矫形及尺侧稳定结构重建,食指背侧皮瓣或游离植皮修复组织缺损的治疗方案。术后定期随访,了解关节融合情况、相关并发症及拇指活动功能。根据Kawabata保留指关节活动范围、关节稳定性及成角畸形来评分。结果术后皮瓣及植皮完全成活,伤口均一期愈合。患者均获随访6~21个月,平均13个月,术后拇指外观及功能均得到明显改善。末次随访时拇指功能按照Kawabata等标准评定,由术前(1.92±1.11)分增加到术后(3.83±1.28)分,其中优8例,良3例,差1例,优良率为91.7%。术后1例拇指再发桡偏畸形。结论桡偏型拇指挛缩畸形通过软组织挛缩松解、骨关节矫形重建及组织缺损修复,可明显改善拇指外观及功能。     

龙虾钳样复拇指畸形的治疗体会

[目的]探讨龙虾钳样复拇指畸形的治疗方法.[方法] 2009年3月～2012年7月,对7例采用两复拇指相对应的背侧和掌侧1/3处纵向S设计皮肤切口,用骨刀将暴露相对应拇指骨纵向截骨并合并,细钢丝将近节两指骨捆扎,使相对应的两指骨合并成一根指骨,将两指甲相对应的1/3～1/4部分切除,合并为一指甲外形.[结果]7例术后随访3个月～2年,矫形拇指外形指体接近正常指,骨轴线正常,矫形拇指对指及外展功能正常和感觉正常,MP关节0～25°屈伸运动,IP关节僵直.其中5例儿童矫形拇指骨骺同步生长,切口无瘢痕挛缩.[结论]通过拇指骨纵向截骨和细钢丝近节两指骨捆扎法,使相对应的两指骨合并成一指骨方法,恢复矫形拇指外形及功能,是矫形龙虾钳样复拇指畸形的一种可行途径.     

复拇指畸形矫形术后继发畸形15例的临床治疗

目的探讨先天性复拇指畸形术后出现的继发畸形及处理方法。方法对15例先天性拇指多指畸形经矫形术后残留拇指偏斜,虎口狭窄,瘢痕挛缩,骨、软骨及骨骺残留,韧带及动力系统不均衡等继发性畸形的患者,进行切除异常残留骨、软骨组织,截骨矫形等重建拇指正常轴线;肌腱修复或转位等重建动力系统平衡;彻底松解挛缩的瘢痕组织、虎口开大等改善拇指的外形及功能的治疗。结果术后随访12-36个月,本组15例均保留拇指外形,且功能明显改善。结论先天性复拇指畸形早期矫形手术后继发畸形,与手术时机及方式的选择、术者操作水平等因素有关,再次有效地矫形手术能纠正畸形、改善拇指功能。     

儿童Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的显微外科组合治疗

目的探讨儿童先天性特殊类型Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的显微外科组合治疗方法。方法 2009年3月-2016年7月,采用赘生拇指指血管神经蒂的指移位矫形主干拇指10例,其中9例赘生拇指掌骨一同切除,并重建拇内收肌止点。结果 10例术后均获3～24个月随访,外形改善,骨轴线正常,矫形拇指指体接近正常指,矫形拇指对指及外展功能正常。虎口开大4～6cm,矫形拇指感觉正常。结论通过显微外科的组合方法将主干拇指和赘生拇指合二为一,恢复矫形拇指和虎口外形及功能,是矫正先天性Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的一种有效途径。     

带血管神经束的多指移位修复拇指外形的临床应用

目的 探讨在拇指先天性多指切除矫形中将废弃赘生多指携带的血管神经束移位修复畸形拇指外形的临床应用和效果. 方法 2005年1月至2011年12月间,对6例拇指Ⅵ型多指畸形的治疗中,切除纤细和畸形的主干拇指末端部分,将生长在虎口处外形较好的赘生指截除掌骨后携带血管神经束经虎口、拇指尺侧方移位到主干拇指的末节进行固定,矫正拇指末节的外形.赘生指移位后同时进行虎口成型. 结果 转移的6例拇指全部成活,4周拔除克氏针,骨断端在4～6周愈合,术后随访3个月～1年,移植拇指外形美观,拇指指腹具有原有位置的感觉,拇指抓握、对指功能良好. 结论 应用显微外科技术将本应废弃的多指携带血管神经束进行移位修复主干拇指畸形,该手术方法简单易行,术后效果可靠满意,可临床推广和应用.     

先天性V型复拇指畸形的手术治疗体会

目的探讨先天性V型复拇指畸形的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2010年3月-2015年5月,收治12例先天性V型复拇指畸形患者。男7例,女5例;年龄1~25岁,平均8岁。左手4例,右手8例。桡侧为主型2例,尺侧为主型10例。7例赘生指基底远离腕掌关节,5例赘生指基底靠近腕掌关节(略尺偏1例)。X线片示主干拇指第1掌骨与大多角骨均对合良好,伴第1掌骨侧弯畸形2例。术前制定个体化治疗方案,作S形或Z形切口,切除赘生指,同时重建大鱼际肌止点或内收肌止点,必要时联合楔形截骨术矫形。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后12例均获随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均12个月。11例拇指外形、屈伸、对掌、外展功能均较术前改善,未出现瘢痕挛缩畸形、虎口区狭小及偏斜畸形等情况。1例虎口区略狭小,拇指外展不良,经再次"Z"字成形术后改善。末次随访时,根据中华医学会手外科分会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定患指功能:优10例,良1例,差1例;优良率91.7%。结论根据V型复拇指畸形情况制定个体化手术方案,可较好恢复拇指外形及功能。     

复拇指畸形矫治术后的继发性畸形

目的探讨先天性复拇指畸形手术后的继发性畸形和处理方法。方法．对12例先天性复拇指畸形经矫治术后出现拇指侧偏、内收、虎口狭窄、骨骺残留等继发性畸形的患者，进行拇指指间关节融合、掌骨截骨、骨骺切除、虎口成型、拇短展肌止点重建等手术；以纠正畸形、改善拇指的外形及功能。结果术后随访3至6个月，除1例较术前稍有改善外，11例拇指的外形明显改善，拇指对掌、对指功能基本恢复。结论先天性复拇指畸形单纯手术切除后又出现继发性畸形，和过早(2岁以前)手术有关。患儿手指细小，组织结构辨认不清，可导致畸形矫治不彻底而出现继发性畸形。作者认为复拇指畸形的手术时机在2—6岁为好，畸形复杂者在学龄前手术为佳。     

复拇术后畸形的分类与治疗

目的探讨先天性复拇术后畸形的分类和治疗方法。方法对49例( 5 4侧)复拇术后畸形患儿,参照Kawabata[1] 方法,按畸形发生水平分为三组指间关节组、掌指关节组和“Z”形畸形组,对其中41例采取不同的矫形手术,并对疗效进行评分。结果术后随访到2 6例( 2 8侧) ,15例失访;随访时间14个月～3年。术后三组畸形均明显改善,疗效评分优15侧,良13侧。结论先天性复拇畸形如手术时机、手术方案选择不当或合并拇指肌腱先天性异常等是复拇术后出现畸形的主要原因,再次矫形手术能有效的纠正畸形。     

半关节移植治疗重复拇指畸形伴指间关节严重发育不良

目的 通过半关节移植修复缺如的指间关节近端关节面及侧副韧带，重建重复拇指畸形患者严重偏斜的指间关节。方法 1994年3月—2002年11月间，对7例患者利用赘生拇指近节指骨的近端关节面及部分关节囊，行一期或二期半关节移植，重建保留拇指的指间关节近端发育不良或缺如的关节面。术后随访3年，观察骨关节生长及功能恢复情况。结果 移植的半关节大部存活，85％患者的骨外形良好、功能恢复较满意。结论 半关节移植是治疗重复拇指畸形伴指间关节严重发育不良的一种可行的手术方法。     

特殊检查在复拇指畸形诊断中的价值

目的：探讨复拇指畸形特殊检查的诊断评价。方法：为14例复拇指畸形术前摄X线平片、血管造影及超声检查，以对复拇指畸形的骨畸形、动力畸形及血液循环情况进行综合性分析；并结合术中的病变对照比较。治疗则采取截骨、重建肌腱附着点及保留主干血管等方法矫正畸形。结果：术中发现骨畸形13例，主干拇指肌腱附着点异常或缺如者14例，血循环由主干血管供应者11例。结论：血管造影及超声检查是综合评价特殊复拇指畸形的重要方法，有利于术前制定手术方案和预防术后继发拇指畸形的发生。     

带血管蒂漂浮指皮甲瓣转移矫正复拇指畸形

目的探讨带有漂浮指的先天性复拇指畸形的治疗方法。方法将带血管蒂的漂浮指皮甲瓣转移至存留拇指以矫正先天性复拇指畸形。结果2例患拇术后均存活，外形明显改善，并保持了拇指的伸屈功能及感觉。结论通过手术方法将外形基本正常但无功能的漂浮指与畸形但有功能的存留指合二为一，是矫正带漂浮指先天性复拇指畸形的一种有效途径。     

Nail size and appearance following nail fusion plasty of thumb duplication✰

Purpose

To evaluate nail appearance after nail fusion plasty to treat thumb duplication.

Modified method for reconstruction of thumb abduction function in children undergoing surgical treatment of thumb duplication

PurposeThis study was performed to evaluate a modified method of reconstructing the thumb abduction function in children undergoing surgical treatment of thumb duplication.MethodsThis retrospective study included 33 children (38 thumbs) with Wassel type III to VII thumb duplication who underwent excision of the polydactylism and osteotomy of the preserved thumb. Among them, 16 children (19 thumbs) underwent reconstruction of the attachment of the articular capsule and collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint, abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis by the anchor technique (Group A), while 17 children (19 thumbs) underwent suturing the attachment of the above-mentioned soft tissues to the periosteum (Group B). All children were followed up for six years after surgery. The appearance, function and joint stability of the preserved thumb were compared between the two groups; the bone alignment and development were observed.ResultsThe deformity rate of preserved thumbs and the positive rate of lateral stress test were significantly lower in Group A than B (p < 0.05). The modified Tada score and the distance of first web were significantly higher in Group A than B (p < 0.05). Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and palmar movement of the thumbs were good; bone alignment and development were good and no osteophyte or anchor shadow was left in the preserved thumbs in Group A.ConclusionReconstruction of the abduction function using the anchor technique is effective in children undergoing surgical treatment for Wassel type III to VII thumb duplication and it may be superior to the conventional technique.Level of evidenceIII     

Bilhaut-Cloquet术治疗复拇畸形的临床效果和常见并发症分析

目的 评价Bilhaut-Cloquet术治疗先天性复拇指畸形的临床效果,探讨分析其常见并发症的原因.方法 2006年至2009年,对15例先天性复拇指畸形患儿分别采用经典和改良Bilhaut-Cloquet术进行治疗,随访观察术后并发症并对疗效进行评价.结果 术后15例获得1～20个月的随访,平均6个月.参照Kawabata评分标准:采用经典Bilhaut-Cloquet术者5例,优1例,良3例,差1例;采用改良Bilhaut-Cloquet术者10例,优6例,良3例,差1例.两组中指甲畸形明显者9例,瘢痕挛缩、增生者5例.结论 Bilhaut-Cloquet术是治疗复拇指畸形的有效治疗术式,适合于Ⅰ型对等型多拇;Ⅱ型以上的多拇采用改良Bilhaut-Cloquet术更有利于指间关节(IP)关节活动度的恢复.除了重视关节活动度、稳定性和侧偏畸形的矫正外,指体外观尤其是指甲的精确重建应当得到进一步的重视.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of Bilhaut-Cloquet surgical procedure for the treatment of thumb duplication, and investigate the causes of common complications. Methods Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure and modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure were carried out in 15 children with congenital thumb duplication during 2006 to 2009. The patients were follow-up postoperatively to observe any complications and assess the results using Kawabata evaluation criterion. Results The 15 children were follow-up for 1 to 20 months (6 months on average) postoperatively. According to Kawabata evaluation criterion, the Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure achieved excellent results in 1 cases, good in 3 cases, and poor in 1 cases. Modified Bilhaut Cloquet procedure achieved excellent results in 6 cases, good in 3 cases, and poor in 1 case. Nine cases had apparent nail deformity and 5 cases were accompanied by cicatricial contracture and hyperplasia. Conclusion The Bilhaut-Cloquet technique is an effective procedure for the treatment of thumb duplication, especially suitable for type Ⅰ thumb duplication. Modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure is more conducive to the recovery of IP range of motion when used in type Ⅱ or more severe thumb duplication. Besides joint range of motion, stability, and correction of lateral deviation, appearance of the thumb especially accurate nail restoration should acquire more attention.     

Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angular deformity of the thumb

PURPOSE: To present a triangular-shaped abnormal secondary ossification center of the distal phalanx causing angular deformity of the thumb and the surgical outcome of corrective closing-wedge osteotomy for this deformity. METHODS: We treated 6 patients with abnormal triangular epiphysis in the distal phalanx of the thumb, including 3 bilateral cases. The average age was 43 months and there were 2 boys and 4 girls. Of the 9 thumbs intraepiphyseal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 5 and proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 4. We measured the deformities in degrees of angulation and the range of motion of the interphalangeal (IP) joint. The average duration of the follow-up period was 27 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative angular deformity of ulnar deviation averaged 30 degrees , which was reduced to an average of 12 degrees after osteotomy at the last follow-up assessment. All osteotomies healed and there was no evidence of physeal or articular damage. Interphalangeal joint range of motion did not decrease after surgery in all cases. Patients and parents were satisfied with the results of the surgery, although mild deformity persisted in the interphalangeal joint when in the flexed position after proximal phalangeal osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angled thumb is different from delta bone and can be treated with either intraepiphyseal or proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy. The intraepiphyseal procedure, however, could achieve better deformity correction regardless of the interphalangeal joint position. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.     

先天性拇指尺偏畸形——区别诊治Delta三节拇指和指骨骨骺畸形

目的:探讨两种类型先天性拇指远节尺偏畸形,即Delta三节拇指和远节指骨骨骺畸形的临床、病理、影像学特点及手术策略,并评价中期疗效。方法:自2011年1月至2017年6月,我们共收治28例43拇先天性拇指尺偏畸形患儿,根据X线片表现分为两类：Delta三节拇指和远节指骨骨骺畸形。两种病理解剖类型经MRI和术中探查进一步...     

Revision of residual deformities after operations for duplication of the thumb

We treated thirty-six patients (thirty-eight thumbs) who had residual deformity after ablation of a duplicated thumb. The deformities were classified into three groups: interphalangeal (eight thumbs), metacarpophalangeal (sixteen thumbs), and zigzag (fourteen thumbs). The indication for operation was primarily cosmetic; only eight patients had a functional disability, and that was mild. At the most recent follow-up, the results were rated good except for three fair results in the group that had an interphalangeal deformity, two fair results in the group that had a metacarpophalangeal deformity, and two poor and seven fair results in the group that had a zigzag deformity.     

带趾间关节(足母)甲瓣修整再造拇指Ⅱ、Ⅲ度缺损

目的 探讨应用带趾间关节甲瓣再造拇指Ⅱ、Ⅲ度缺损的方法.方法 对12例12指按常规切取甲瓣,对趾趾间关节进行修整作为再造拇指的骨关节支架,以获得外观和功能满意的再造指.结果 12指全部存活,再造拇指外形逼真,感觉定位准确,功能良好.结论 带趾间关节 甲瓣再造拇指Ⅱ、Ⅲ度缺损,可获得与正常拇指基本相同的再造拇指,但需牺牲足部趾.