胃安康对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究中药复方胃安康（WAK）对小鼠免疫功能的影响，以探讨其抗肿瘤作用机理。方法：通过给小鼠灌胃WAK，观察其对免疫低下小鼠迟发性超敏反应，溶血素生成及对小鼠NK细胞，LAK细胞杀伤活性的影响。结果：WAK可明显增强免疫低下小鼠的DTH，提高血浆溶血素水平，增强NK及LAK细胞杀伤活性。结论：WAK可通过提高机体的免疫功能来发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

首杞补肾口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察首杞补肾口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：观察首杞补肾口服液对醋酸氢化考的松所致免疫抑制小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化、自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性、产生溶血素能力的影响以及对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果：首杞补肾口服液对醋酸氢化考的松所致免疫抑制小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化有明显的纠正作用，使NK细胞活性恢复更为显著，产生溶血素的能力明显提高，以及可使低下的吞噬功能明显恢复。结论：首杞补肾口服液对免疫抑制模型(醋酸氢化考的松或环磷酰胺所诱导)小鼠的细胞免疫(淋巴细胞转化、NK细胞活性)、体液免疫(溶血素)和非特异性免疫(巨噬细胞吞噬实验)等功能有明显的治疗作用，说明首杞补肾口服液对免疫功能低下有显著的调节作用，能够增强机体的抵抗力。     

余甘子提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨余甘子对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 用不同剂量余甘子提取物给正常小鼠连续灌胃,检测血清溶血素含量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型变态反应、T淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性.结果 余甘子提取物能增加小鼠血清溶血素含量、明显增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能、改善迟发型变态反应,促进T淋巴细胞增殖,提高NK细胞活性.结论 余甘子能显著增强小鼠免疫功能.     

护肝素片对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察护肝素片对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：用正常小鼠作为实验动物。结果：护肝素片能显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数，促进溶血素和溶血空斑的形成和淋巴细胞的转换。结论：护肝素片有好的免疫兴奋作用。     

肝愈胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察肝愈胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：分别灌胃给予小鼠肝愈胶囊0.125，0.25及0.5g／kg，连续7d,测定肝愈胶囊对小鼠免疫器官脾、胸腺指数、单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、溶血素抗体生成、迟发型超敏反应功能的影响。结果：肝愈胶囊对小鼠免疫器官重量、小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能无明显影响；可抑制溶血素抗体生成、有促进小鼠迟发型超敏反应的作用。结论：肝愈胶囊对小鼠免疫功能有明显的调节作用。     

马齿苋提取物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察马齿苋提取物对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法：观察马齿苋提取物对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、溶血素形成、溶血空斑形成及淋巴细胞转化功能的作用.结果：马齿苋提取物可显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数;促进溶血素及溶血空斑的形成;促进淋巴细胞的转化.结论：马齿苋提取物有提高免疫功能的作用.     

益苷颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究益苷颗粒剂对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及血清溶血素含量的影响。方法：参照有关文献，计数巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的指数及检测对血清溶血素的含量的影响，评定益苷颗粒荆对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：益苷颗粒剂能明显提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数及血清溶血素的含量。结论：益苷颗粒剂可以提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

蜂王浆对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨蜂王浆对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法建立小鼠免疫损伤模型,同时灌胃给予不同剂量蜂王浆连续7 d,以小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能、胸腺脾脏指数、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素水平为测定指标。结果蜂王浆3.06,6.12 g.kg-1剂量组能够明显增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P<0.05),同时,对小鼠胸腺脾脏指数具有一定的保护作用,并且能明显增加小鼠迟发型超敏反应,提高小鼠的血清溶血素含量。结论蜂王浆对CTX所致免疫低下小鼠免疫功能具有一定的增强作用。     

人参皂甙Rg3对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫微环境的影响

[目的]探讨人参皂甙Rg3对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫微环境的影响。[方法]60只雌、雄昆明种小鼠随机分为生理盐水组(A组,5mL/kg)、华蟾素组(B组,5mL/kg)、低剂量人参皂苷Rg三组(C组,0.2mg/kg)、中剂量人参皂苷Rg3组(D组,1.0mg/kg)、高剂量人参皂苷Rg3组(E组,2.0mg/kg),每组12只,H22荷瘤模型建立后24h开始灌胃给药治疗,1次/d,连续8d,观察小鼠初始重量、处死重量、瘤体重量、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+等指标变化。[结果]各组荷瘤小鼠初始重量比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),处死重量、瘤体重量、B组、C组、D组、E组与A组比较分别比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);抑瘤率、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、存活小鼠生存时间,B组、C组、D组、E组均高于A组,生存时间以D组最长。[结论]不同剂量人参皂甙Rg3改善了H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤所致的免疫抑制,其中以人参皂甙Rg3 1.0mg/kg剂量抑瘤效果最佳,小鼠生存时间最长,为临床应用提供了试验依据。     

大蒜素对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了大蒜素对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明大蒜素具有明显啬强小鼠腹腔Ｍφ的吞噬功能，提高Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率及啬强ＮＫ细胞的活性。大蒜素具有明显啬强机体细胞免疫功能的作用。     

综述人参皂苷Rg3生产工艺研究进展

对近年来人参皂苷Rg3的生产工艺研究进展进行综述。其工艺包括物理法、化学水解法、微生物转化法、酶法、合成法等,为今后研究及获得人参皂苷Rg3提供参考基础。     

HPLC测定人参叶提取物中Rg3两种异构体的含量

目的：用HPLC测定人参叶提取物中Rg，（R）和Rg，（s）的含量。方法：对人参叶提取物中Rg3进行TLC定性鉴别，并通过HPLC对两种异构体进行含量测定。结果：Rg，（R）在0．70—7．00μg内浓度与峰面积线性关系良好，r=0．9999；Rg，（S）在0．76—7．60μg内浓度与峰面积线性关系良好，r=0．9999。结论：该方法操作简便，结果准确，重现性好，可作为人参叶提取物中Rga的定量分析方法。     

三七不同药用部位中人参皂苷Rg3的含量测定

目的 建立三七中20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3的含量测定方法,评价不同药用部位及加工方式的三七提取物中,两个型的人参皂苷Rg3的含量情况.方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱条件:ECOSIL 120-5-C18-SH色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-异丙醇-水(47:3:50)...     

Effect of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Ginsenosides, the active component of Panax ginseng, have been shown to evidence a variety of biological activities associated with hyperglycemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effects of the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Re, on glucose uptake and the glucose transport system in mature 3T3‐L1 cells. The results demonstrated that the glucose uptake of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at concentrations of 1–10 µM significantly increased by approximately ～10% and ～12%, respectively. Furthermore, the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA expression of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at 10 µM was increased by approximately ～1.73 and 1.43 fold, respectively. It was further confirmed in a series of experiments that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re stimulated the mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS‐1) and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐110α protein, which is involved in downstream events in the insulin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re may stimulate glucose uptake via the PI3K pathways involving IRS‐1. Further, our results suggest that both of these ginsenosides might prove useful as effective antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on tyrosine hydroxylase and related mechanisms in the forced swimming-induced fatigue rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ginsenoside Rg3 has shown multiple pharmacological activities and been considered as one of the most promising approaches for fatigue treatment. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3 on anti-fatigue and the effect of Rg3 on dopaminergic system has not been reported yet. The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Rg3 on TH expression and the related biochemical parameters, such as PKAα, ERK1/2, Akt and α-synuclein in brain of fatigue rats.

Materials and methods

Weight-loaded forced swimming was performed to establish an animal model of fatigue. Rg3 (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administrated before swimming. The effect of Rg3 on the expression and phosphorylation of TH and TH-related proteins in fatigue rats or in SH-SY5Y cells was assessed with western blotting. HPLC was used to examine the level of DA and DOPAC in the fatigue rats tissues.

Results

TH and phosphorylated TH were decreased in different brain regions of which ventral midbrain were less affected in weight-loaded forced swimming rats. Pretreatment with Rg3 significantly suppressed fatigue-induced decrease expression of TH and TH phosphorylation. Also treatment with Rg3 reversed the decrease expression of PKAα as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt which were induced by weight-loaded forced swimming. Moreover, weight-loaded swimming could induce the increase expression of α-synuclein in hippocampus and midbrain, while suppressed α-synuclein expression in striatum and prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, Rg3 could induce the increase of TH expression and phosphorylation which was accompanied with elevated expression and phosphorylation of related kinase proteins in vitro, while the inhibitors of kinase proteins could suppress these effects of Rg3. In addition, HPLC results showed that Rg3 could reverse the weight-loaded swimming-induced increase of DOPAC/DA ratio.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that fatigue can induce the decrease of DA which might partially result from the change of TH expression and phosphorylation, and Rg3 can reverse these fatigue-induced changes. The underling mechanisms may include the activity changes of PKAα, ERK1/2, Akt and α-synuclein.     

人参皂甙Rb1和Rg1对幼小鼠性腺和副性腺的影响

幼年小鼠皮下注射人参皂甙Ｒｂ１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、Ｒｇ１２５和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ连续１４天,结果Ｒｂ１能能使正常雌性小鼠子宫及雄性小鼠精囊明显增重,Ｒｇ１也可使正常雄性小鼠精囊明显增重,但却不能阻止去势小鼠副性腺的萎缩。提示人参皂甙本身无性激素样作用,对副性腺的增重作用需要有性腺的存在     

人参皂苷Rg3脂质体的处方优化及制备工艺研究

目的为了提高人参皂苷Rg3的生物利用度和靶向性,以卵磷脂和胆固醇为载体材料,研究人参皂苷Rg3脂质体的处方和制备工艺。方法采用薄膜超声分散法制备脂质体,HPLC测定人参皂苷Rg3的含量。以包封率为指标,采用单因素和正交试验法优选处方和工艺。结果人参皂苷Rg3脂质体的最佳处方和工艺条件为:以氯仿-乙醇(1∶1)为溶剂,卵磷脂、胆固醇、人参皂苷Rg3的质量比为4∶2∶1,载药温度为50℃,PBS缓冲溶液的p H值为7.5。制备的脂质体平均粒径为111.8 nm,包封率为87.85%。结论该工艺方法简便、稳定可行,适用于人参皂苷Rg3脂质体的制备。     

Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 protect scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Panax ginseng (family Araliaceae) is traditionally used as a remedy for cancer, inflammation, stress and aging.

Aim of study

To explore whether ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3, the main constituents of heat-processed ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng), could protect memory deficit.

Materials and methods

We isolated ginsenosides Rh3 and Rg5 from heated-processed ginseng treated with and without human feces, respectively. Then we investigated their protective effects on memory impairment using the passive avoidance, Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks in mice. Memory deficit was induced in mice by the intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine.

Results

Ginsenosides Rg5 or Rh3 increased the latency time reduced by scopolamine in passive avoidance test. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 or Rh3 significantly reversed the lowered spontaneous alteration induced by scopolamine in Y-maze task. Ginsenoisde Rg5 or Rh3 (10 mg/kg) significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by treatment with scopolamine on the last day of training trial sessions in Morris water maze task. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 18.4 and 10.2 μM, respectively. The inhibitory potency of ginsenoside Rh3 is comparable with that of donepezil (IC₅₀=9.9 μM). These ginsenosides also reversed hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation reduced by scopolamine. Of them, ginsenoside Rh3 more potently protected memory deficit.

Conclusions

Ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 may protect memory deficit by inhibiting AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation.     

20(S)人参皂苷Rg3的指纹图谱

目的:研究20(S)人参皂苷Rg3的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。方法:利用HPLC方法,采用梯度洗脱,测定了10批20(S)人参皂苷Rg3样品。采用HPLC-MS和对照品相结合的方法,确定主峰和主要共有峰的归属。结果:20(S)人参皂苷Rg3指纹图谱有5个共有峰,主峰为20(S)人参皂苷Rg3,3号和4号峰是20(S)人参皂苷-Rg3的双键位置异构体,5号共有峰为人参皂苷Rg5。结论:为20(S)人参皂苷Rg3的质量控制方法提供了特征性、专属性强的指纹图谱。     

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on insulin binding in mice liver and brain membranes

The effect of in vivo administration of ginsenoside Rg₁ from Panax ginseng on insulin binding in liver and brain membranes of mice was studied. Ginsenoside Rg₁ at a dose of 10mg/kg significantly increased [¹²⁵]insulin binding in both tissues. The increase in insulin binding was related to an increase in the number of insulin receptors rather than to a change in the receptor affinity.