带锁髓内钉加植骨治疗股骨干骨折骨不连

目的：分析股骨干骨不连的原因,探讨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折骨不连的疗效。方法：自2006年1月～2009年1月对37例股骨干骨折骨不连患者采用带锁髓内钉内固定加取自体髂骨治疗,术后早期行功能锻炼。结果：37例骨折全部骨性愈合,愈合时间6～15个月,平均10个月,愈合率100%。结论：带锁髓内钉加植骨治疗股骨干骨折骨不连疗效确切,功能恢复满意。     

动力加压钢板与带锁髓内钉内固定治疗四肢骨折后骨不连患者的疗效对比研究

目的:对比研究动力加压钢板与带锁髓内钉内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者的临床疗效。方法:选取收治的四肢创伤性骨折后骨不连患者60例,随机分为加压钢板组和带锁髓内钉组,每组各30例。两组患者分别行动力加压钢板、带锁髓内钉内固定治疗,观察疗效。结果:两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),带锁髓内钉组患者术中出血量、术后引流量、影像学骨折愈合时间少于(短于)加压钢板组(P<0.05);带锁髓内钉组患者治疗优良率高于加压钢板组(P<0.05)。结论:带锁髓内钉内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者的疗效较加压钢板内固定疗效更优。     

带锁髓内钉治疗四肢长骨干骨折骨不连23例分析

为探讨四肢骨干骨折骨不连,尤其合并慢性感染性骨折骨不连的手术方法,分析采用带锁髓内钉治疗的23例四肢长骨干骨折骨不连患者临床资料。结果,术后临床随访,22例骨折骨不连,均在3～12个月愈合,1例慢性感染12个月骨折骨不连愈合。带锁髓内钉治疗骨不连,是提高长骨干骨折骨不连或延迟愈合治疗效果的主要方法之一。     

带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的：探讨带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床效果。方法：在X线机监视下对38例胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉内固定治疗。结果：38例均获随访,骨折术后8～10周有骨痂形成,骨折均愈合,愈合时间为4～5个月,无感染、断钉、静脉血栓、骨不连、肢体短缩畸形发生。结论：带锁髓内钉内固定是治疗胫骨骨折的一种理想方法,骨折愈合率高,并发症少。     

带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折骨不连25例临床分析

目的探讨带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折骨不连的临床效果。方法对25例胫骨骨折骨不连患者采用带锁髓内钉固定,取自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访6个月,骨折愈合满意,踝膝关节功能完全正常,无断钉、感染发生。结论采用带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折骨不连,操作简单,能提供坚强内固定,促进成骨活动,加快骨折愈合。     

不同植入物固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床比较

目的:比较不同植入物固定术治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床效果差异。方法:将166例四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者分为钢板固定组(76例)和髓内钉组(90例),钢板固定组患者采取加压钢板内固定治疗,髓内钉组患者予以带锁髓内钉固定治疗,并比较两组患者临床治疗优良率、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间以及术后并发症发生率。结果:髓内钉组患者临床治疗优良率和术后并发症发生率与钢板固定组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);髓内钉组患者手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间也明显优于钢板固定组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与加压钢板内固定术比较,带锁髓内钉固定术有助于提高四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者临床治疗效果,且能有效缩短骨折愈合和住院时间。     

交锁髓内钉治疗长骨骨折骨不连原因分析及治疗体会

目的 分析交锁髓内钉内固定治疗长骨骨折出现骨不连的原因及治疗体会.方法 对32例长骨骨折带锁髓内钉治疗8个月后,出现骨不连的原因进行分析,并做出相应的治疗.结果 经进一步治疗后全部临床愈合,32例均获得随访.结论 交锁髓内钉内固定治疗长骨骨折经严格预防和去除原因后可治愈.     

带锁髓内钉与自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连

目的:观察采用带锁髓内钉内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的疗效.方法:对23例胫骨骨折骨不连施以扩髓带锁髓内钉内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗.结果:经术后随访8～20个月(平均12个月),22例达骨性愈合,1例延迟愈合.结论:带锁髓内钉内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连是一种安全有效的方法.     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折、骨不连

目的 探讨使用交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折、胫腓骨骨不连的方法，并对其疗效进行评估及术后并发断钉、退钉的原因分析并提出具体防治措施。方法 从1998年～2002年运用交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折96例，胫腓骨骨不连12例，术后随访半年至两年半。结果 胫腓骨骨折95例愈合，愈合率为98．9％(其中1例因断钉致骨不连与术后外伤有关)，胫腓骨骨不连12例全部愈合，愈合率为100％，全部病例中发生断钉、退钉各1例。结论 髓内钉治疗胫腓骨折、骨不连具有技术相对简单，创伤较小，固定坚强，骨折愈合率高，能早期锻炼及部分负重，并发症少，能有效防止“骨折病”的发生及减少病残等优点。     

带锁髓内钉固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连33例效果分析

目的：分析带锁髓内钉固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的效果。方法：四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者66例,根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组和观察组各33例,观察组实施带锁髓内钉治疗,对照组实施动力加压钢板治疗。比较两组临床疗效和并发症情况。结果：观察组优良率为96.97%,对照组优良率为81.82%,观察组优良率高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组下肢深静脉血栓等并发症总发生率为6.06%,对照组总发生率为18.18%,观察组并发症发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者采用带锁髓内钉固定治疗骨折愈合效果理想,且术后并发症发生率较低。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.