单克隆抗体免疫放射测定法检测丝虫抗原

应用抗马来丝虫成虫单克隆抗体结合免疫放射测定法，对马来丝虫成早抗原，马来丝虫成虫排泄－分泌抗原，马来微丝蚴抗原及班氏丝虫病病人血清中循环抗原进行了检测。马来丝虫成虫抗原检出的最低含量为０．４８ｐｇ，ＥＳ抗原，马来微丝蚴抗原可测得抗原结合量分别为０．３５μｇ和０．０６５μｇ，班氏丝虫病人血清中循环抗原的检测结果阳性率为８０％，线虫病流行区５０份微丝蚴阴性血清及丝虫病非流行区５０份肠道蠕虫感染者血清全     

ELISA在丝虫病诊断及流行病学调查中的应用

采用ELISA检测68例马来丝虫病人和84例班氏丝虫病人的抗体,发现应用马来丝虫成虫可溶性抗原、马来微丝蚴可溶性抗原和犬恶丝虫成虫可溶性抗原三种抗原测得的阳性检出率无显著性差异.根据测得的消光值和获得材料的难易,认为选用马来丝虫成虫可溶性抗原较好。其敏感性为83.3％～92.6％,特异性为98.8％。分别检测5年和10年前治疗过的马来丝虫病人59例和85例,其ELISA理论转阴率分别为67.1％和82.2％。在一个马来丝虫和三个班氏丝虫病流行区,对四批人群共818名进行了血清流行病学调查,发现ELISA阳性检出率以10岁以下儿童为最低。班氏丝虫病流行区ELISA的阳性检出率与血检微丝蚴阳性率呈平行关系。综上所述,认为ELISA作为丝虫病的辅助诊断方法,对考核与监测丝防工作有实用价值。     

用牛唇突丝虫抗原诊断班氏丝虫病的初步报告

为寻找诊断人体丝虫病的异种抗原来源,我室用牛唇突丝虫成虫可溶性抗原和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及成虫冰冻切片抗原作间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT),并与马来丝虫成虫冰冻切片抗原IFAT进行比较. 一、ELISA选择12份非丝虫病流行区的健康人等量混合血清为阴性血清,10份班氏丝虫微丝蚴阳性     

用抗牛丝虫抗体检测人体丝虫循环抗原

近年不少学者探索检测病人循环抗原诊断丝虫病.本实验应用抗牛丝虫抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测淋巴丝虫病人的循环抗原,评价其实用价值。材料和方法一、血清 34份马来丝虫微丝蚴阳性血清采自安徽潜山县,46份班氏丝虫微丝蚴阳性血清及5份微丝蚴阴性而有鞘膜积液、乳糜尿或象皮肿的晚期病人血清采自安徽阜阳县。68份非流行区正常人血     

免疫金银染色法诊断班氏丝虫病的初步研究

应用免疫金银染色法（ＩＧＳＳ）检测１２３份班氏丝虫病人血清，５０份非流行区健康人血清和３２份流行区健康人滤纸于血液，阳性符合率为９８．３７％，阴性符合率分别为１００％和９６．８８％。非流行区健康人的阴性符合率显著高于ＩＦＡＴ的８６．００％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。与蛔虫病的交叉反应，１５例中１例出现阳性反应。用ＩＧＳＳ检测马来丝虫沙鼠血清抗体结果，阳性符合率与阴性符合率均为１００％。用班氏丝虫病人和健康人血清进行重复试验，结果均一致。表明ＩＧＳＳ敏感性高，特异性强，结果稳定，可用于班氏丝虫病的诊断。     

班氏和马来丝虫病的血清学诊断

作者试图采用免疫学的间接诊断方法,以确定对班氏和马来丝虫病的敏感性和特异性,及其与临床状态的相互关系。从亚周期型马来丝虫-沙鼠动物模型获得马来丝虫成虫和微丝蚴作抗原,血清取自菲律宾班氏、马来丝虫病流行区及非丝虫病流行区的居民。     

马来丝虫病特异性诊断抗原研究

采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＥＬＩＢ技术分析马来丝虫成虫（ＭＡＡ）和微丝蚴（ＭＦＡ）可溶性抗原。马来丝虫成虫和微丝蚴采自感染沙鼠腹腔。分析结果表明，ＭＦＡ蛋白组分含有沙鼠腹腔液蛋白组分（６４－６７ｋＤａ和５６－５８ｋＤａ）。健康沙鼠血清与ＭＦＡ作ＥＬＩＢ，可见３条淡反应带（６０ｋＤａ、７４ｋＤａ和１００ｋＤａ），与ＭＡＡ无反应带可见。ＭＡＡ蛋白组分中的４２ｋＤａ和１４．５ｋＤａ可被感染６个月的阳性沙鼠血清识别，而不被阴性沙鼠血清识别。     

异种丝虫成虫抗原间接荧光抗体试验检测班氏丝虫病人血清抗体的比较

用马来丝虫成虫和牛丝虫成虫切制成4μm厚的冰冻切片作抗原,以间接荧光抗体试验检测班氏丝虫病人血清中抗体并进行比较,结果在班氏丝虫微丝蚴血症阳性101例中,马来丝虫成虫抗原片呈阳性反应92例,阳性率为91.1％;牛丝虫成虫抗原片呈阳性反应86例,阳性率为85.1％。经统计学处理无显著差异(x~2=1.18,P>0.25),作者认为两者对诊断班氏丝虫病都有一定参考价值。而牛丝虫来源容易,阳性率大于85％,在马来丝虫成虫短缺的情况下,可作为异种抗原使用。     

淋巴丝虫感染中T淋巴细胞的免疫应答──白细胞介素2和γ干扰素的体外诱生分析

目的：探讨淋巴丝虫感染中Ｔ淋巴细胞的免疫应答机制。方法：检测安徽省班氏丝虫病流行区人群及感染马来丝虫的长爪沙鼠体外诱生的白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）和γ干扰素（ＩＦＮ－γ）。结果：对非特异性有丝分裂原ＰＨＡ及ＣｏｎＡ的刺激，各组人群外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）产生ＩＬ－２及ＩＦＮ－γ水平无显著差异。对马来丝虫成虫抗原的刺激，微丝蚴血症者ＰＢＭＣ产生ＩＬ－２及ＩＦＮ－γ水平比流行区无症状、无微丝蚴血症者显著低下，长爪沙鼠实验结果与人群的相似。结论：本实验提示，班氏丝虫病流行区微丝蚴血症者及马来丝虫微丝蚴血症长爪沙鼠的Ｔ细胞对丝虫抗原处于一种低应答状态，且这种受抑制的Ｔ细胞主要是Ｔｈ１亚群细胞。     

检测特异IgG4用于丝虫病监测的研究

应用细胞融合技术建立抗人ＩｇＧ４ＭｃＡｂ杂交瘤细胞，生产ＭｃＡｂ。以此为探针，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测班氏微丝蚴血症血清中特异ＩｇＧ４的阳性率为９５．９１％（４７／４９）；治疗后的原微丝蚴血症ＩｇＧ４阳性率为１．４５％（１／６９）；７７例晚期丝虫病症状者及５０份非流行区健康人血清均为阴性；肠道线虫感染、囊虫感染及华支睾吸虫感染者血清均未出现交叉反应；检测原班氏丝虫病高、中度流行区正常人群滤纸干血的特异ＩｇＧ４阳性率分别为０．７９％（６／７６０）和０．２７％（３／１０９５）。显示特异ＩｇＧ４检测具有较高的敏感性与特异性。是诊断丝虫感染的有效方法，可取代微丝蚴血检用于现场的人群丝虫病监测。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.