介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值

目的确定介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析11例腹部外科手术后急性消化道大出血并经内科保守治疗无效而介入治疗的病例,总结其DSA结果及介入治疗价值。结果11例腹部外科术后消化道出血患者中DSA发现胃左动脉出血1例,胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤4例,肝动脉假性动脉瘤2例,脾动脉假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜下动脉分支血管感染性假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜上动脉小分支血管出血2例。结论介入治疗是治疗腹部外科术后消化道大出血的有效方法。     

内脏假性动脉瘤出血的栓塞治疗

目的 探讨内脏假性动脉瘤出血经导管栓塞治疗的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析7例以不同部位出血为主要表现的患者,行腹、盆腔相关动脉造影,明确出血原因为假性动脉瘤及其部位后行栓塞治疗.结果 7例中,肝动脉瘤2例,胃十二指肠动脉瘤3例,子宫动脉瘤2例.动脉造影能够清晰显示假性动脉瘤的部位、形态和供养血管.DSA造影动脉瘤呈现类圆形囊状突起,栓塞后再次造影见动脉瘤及其供血动脉消失,7例介入治疗均获成功.所有术后出血均停止.结论 DSA造影能明确假性动脉瘤的部位,经导管栓塞治疗假性动脉瘤是安全有效的.     

介入诊疗在急性出血的应用价值

目的探讨介入诊疗对急性出血的诊断与治疗价值。 方法对67例急性出血的患者采用介入治疗,行选择性及超选择性动脉造影和血管内栓塞术,其中上消化道出血28例,下消化道出血12例,子宫出血17例,肝肾出血5例,急性咯血1例,术后急性腹腔内出血4例。 结果67例患者经一次选择性动脉造影获得明确诊断66例,诊断阳性率98.51%(66/67)。选择性动脉造影显示对比剂外溢出血直接征象37例,直接征象阳性率55.22%(37/67)。发现假性动脉瘤13例,肿瘤供血动脉及肿瘤染色21例,子宫瘢痕染色及孕囊染色12例,血管结构不良出血1例。诊断明确后均成功止血。1例消化道出血患者,介入栓塞治疗4天后复发出血,经第二次选择性动脉造影及介入栓塞侧支供血后成功止血。一次性栓塞治疗成功率98.51%(66/67)。 结论选择性动脉造影及血管内栓塞术对急性出血可明确出血部位,而且可迅速有效止血,是一种安全易行、迅速有效的诊断与治疗手段。     

经导管栓塞术治疗急性重症胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤

目的 评价经导管栓塞术治疗急性重症胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤的价值。方法 7例急性重症胰腺炎并发腹部假性动脉瘤患者进行了腹部动脉造影及经导管栓塞治疗，观察假性动脉瘤出现的部位、术中及术后并发症、再出血情况及临床结果。结果 造影共发现假性动脉瘤7例，位于脾动脉5例、胃网膜右动脉1例和胃左动脉1例，3例动脉瘤见活动性出血征象。6例动脉瘤用弹簧圈栓塞载瘤动脉，出血立即停止，其中5例1次栓塞成功，1例经2次栓塞成功。3例再次出血，再出血时间为14～60d，1例再次造影发现脾动脉假性动脉瘤形成，弹簧圈栓塞后出血停止，2例再次造影均未见明显出血原因，死亡。1例用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞无效，3d后出血死亡。2例发生与插管和造影操作相关的并发症，1例为动脉破裂，1例为动脉内膜夹层。无严重术后并发症发生。结论 经导管栓塞术治疗急性重症胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤是1种有效和相对安全的方法。     

腹部外科术后急性消化道大出血的血管造影诊断与介入治疗

目的 探讨血管造影诊断与介入治疗在腹部外科手术后发生的急性消化道大出血治疗中的临床价值.方法 20例患者因腹部外科手术后急性消化道大出血而行选择性血管造影,回顾性分析其血管造影结果及栓塞治疗价值.结果 20例腹部外科手术后大出血患者中血管造影阳性发现有18例(90%),主要表现为造影剂外溢9例、假性动脉瘤6例、梭形动脉瘤3例.18例造影阳性患者中,13例(72%)成功地进行了动脉内栓塞治疗,控制了消化道大出血,随访1个月,无出血复发,无肠缺血坏死等严重并发症.结论 血管造影诊断检查在医源性消化道出血患者中诊断阳性率高,同时经动脉内栓塞治疗腹部外科手术后大出血是一种有效、安全的治疗方法.     

十二指肠溃疡出血的急诊介入栓塞治疗

目的探讨急诊经导管动脉栓塞术(emergency transcatheter arterial embolization,ETAE)在治疗十二指肠溃疡出血的临床疗效。方法 48例十二指肠溃疡出血患者行急诊动脉造影检查,明确出血部位后,采用栓塞弹簧圈、明胶海绵条、较大直径的丙烯酸微球(TAGM)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒对出血动脉行急诊栓塞治疗,对动脉造影表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果急诊动脉造影表现:胃十二指肠动脉出血35例(35/48);肠系膜上动脉动脉活动性出血8例(8/48);5例患者动脉血管造影未发现明确出血动脉(5/48),后转入外科行切除治疗;假性动脉瘤形成30例;明显造影剂外溢8例;胃十二指肠动脉痉挛变细5例。经ETAE治疗后,43例患者达到成功止血,技术成功率90%。2例患者术后再次出血,行第二次ETAE治疗后成功止血,术后随访12个月,所有经ETAE治疗后患者均未发现肠坏死及异位栓塞等严重并发症。结论 ETAE是治疗十二指肠溃疡出血的有效、安全、快速的治疗手段。     

消化道出血的选择性动脉造影诊断与介入治疗

目的 研究消化道出血的选择性动脉造影诊断的价值及介入治疗的方法和意义。资料与方法 经选择性动脉DSA后明确消化道出血部位或原因共57例，对非肿瘤性出血采用相应供血动脉栓塞或血管加压素局部灌注；肠道肿瘤及介入治疗止血不彻底者行外科切除。结果 非肿瘤性出血41例，肿瘤出血16例，其中44例经动脉栓塞或灌注血管加压素治疗，25例得到完全止血，14例止血不彻底，5例复发，共有32例经外科切除后得到病理诊断，分别为贲门溃疡1例，十二指肠溃疡7例，小肠憩室炎7例，小肠平滑肌瘤8例和平滑肌肉瘤7例，恶性淋巴瘤1例，脾动脉真性动脉瘤1例。结论 选择性动脉造影对不明原因消化道出血的定位和定性诊断有重要的价值；对多数非肿瘤性出血应用选择性动脉栓塞可以得到完全止血，预防栓塞并发症的关键是尽可能超选择和选用较大的栓塞颗粒。     

超选择动脉栓塞术治疗动脉性消化道出血

目的讨论超选择动脉栓塞术对急性消化道出血的治疗作用。方法对31例急性消化道出血患者行动脉造影,发现出血征象时进行超选择插管并采用钢圈配合明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞治疗。结果动脉造影表现为对比剂外溢,假性动脉瘤,血管畸形,肿瘤染色等。栓塞治疗30例,止血成功23例(其中7例行第2次栓塞),成功率76.7%。最终转为外科手术10例。结论超选择动脉栓塞术可有效治疗动脉性消化道出血,是外科治疗的重要补充措施。     

血管内栓塞术治疗急性消化道大出血

目的探讨血管内栓塞术在急性消化道大出血的临床应用。方法回顾性分析40例急性消化道大出血临床及影像学资料,其中胃左动脉出血10例,胃十二指肠动脉出血13例,肠系膜上动脉出血5例,肠系膜下动脉出血2例,脾动脉出血2例,肝动脉出血8例,经股动脉常规穿刺插管,分别行DSA造影,包括腹腔动脉,肠系膜上动脉,肠系膜下动脉,膈下动脉等,发现可疑出血点进一步超选择造影,明确出血动脉后,选择适宜的栓塞材料立即栓塞治疗,术后严密观察生命体征,一旦有变化再次造影栓塞。结果 40例患者中,一次栓塞成功38例,2例2次栓塞成功。术后随访3~6个月,未出现复发及严重并发症。结论血管内栓塞术治疗急性消化道大出血,迅速,准确、安全有效。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血的造影诊断和介入治疗

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血的造影表现及介入治疗方法。方法对42例微创经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血患者行肾动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞,术前、术后检查肾功。结果术前造影表现为单纯假性动脉瘤19例,假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘15例,造影剂外溢4例,阴性4例。24例钢圈栓塞,13例明胶海绵颗粒加钢圈栓塞,1例PVA栓塞,4例用明胶海绵栓塞,栓塞成功率100%。明胶海绵栓塞后复发1例。术前、术后检查肾功无明显变化。结论肾动脉造影及超选择动脉栓塞对诊断和治疗微创经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血效果优良,对内科治疗无效、造影阴性病例,按穿刺部位超选择诊断性动脉栓塞,可起到止血作用。     

Transcatheter embolization of a superior mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm. A case report

A 61-year-old man, with pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding, was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization using interlocking detachable coils. During the following observation time of 10 months, the patient had no sign of gastrointestinal bleeding. We underline the importance and feasibility of transcatheter embolization as the first-line treatment in such pseudoaneurysms.     

医原性肝动脉假性动脉瘤的血管造影诊断与栓塞治疗（附24例报告）

笔者报告了经选择性肝动脉造影证实的２４例医原性肝动脉假性动脉瘤，３例源于胆囊切除术后并破裂与胆道相通发生消化道大出血，其余２１例发生于经导管肝动脉灌注化疗与栓塞术后，由血管内膜损伤引起。所有病例均施行了肝动脉栓塞治疗并取得良好治疗结果。笔者描述了肝动脉假性动脉瘤的血管造影表现并讨论了诊断与治疗问题。     

21例假性动脉瘤的治疗策略

目的 探讨假性动脉瘤的部位、类型和发生原因,选择不同的治疗方法.方法 对21例假性动脉瘤患者(四肢动脉11例、脾动脉3例、肾动脉2例、髂总动脉2例、髂内动脉1例、胆囊动脉1例、阴茎动脉1例)选择不同的治疗方法,9例肢体动脉近大关节处假性动脉瘤采用球囊临时阻断血流下瘤体切除、血管吻合术或直接切开修补术,4例主干型假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,其中2例发生于髂内动脉开口处的髂总动脉主干型假性动脉瘤采用分支动脉栓塞和覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,6例终末型假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵结合不锈钢圈栓塞术.结果 21例假性动脉瘤采用不同的方法治疗后瘤腔全部消失,11例肢体动脉假性动脉瘤患者术后远端血管搏动正常,未出现神经损伤,2例脾动脉主干近端、2例髂总动脉主干假性动脉瘤覆膜支架隔绝术后无内漏、远端血流通畅,6例终末型假性动脉瘤患者栓塞后瘤腔消失,出血停止,未出现脏器缺血坏死,其中1例髂内动脉二级分支多发假性动脉瘤患者,栓塞后1周因骨盆复合伤并发重度感染死亡.结论 根据假性动脉瘤的部化、类型和产生原因,选择不同的治疗方法,在尽量小的创伤下使各部位假性动脉瘤得到有效的治疗.     

Massive epistaxis related to petrous carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after radiation therapy: emergency treatment with covered stent in two cases

Two patients had acute left carotid rupture from radiation therapy-induced pseudoaneurysms, resulting in hemodynamic collapse. Because the patients were semicomatose and in shock, an immediate salvage procedure was needed. Location of the pseudoaneurysm at the skull base made surgical treatment less possible. Endovascular therapy was the treatment of choice. Preserving patency of the carotid artery was a desirable option. The successful use of a covered stent in the emergency treatment of massive epistaxis due to active bleeding from pseudoaneurysm in the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) is described.     

Percutaneous transcatheter embolization of deep visceral pseudoaneurysms]

The authors present their experience with the percutaneous embolization of 13 splanchnic aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms (2 pseudoaneurysms of gastroduodenal artery, 3 of the hepatic artery, 7 renal pseudoaneurysms, 1 aneurysm of the splenic artery). In 9 of 13 cases the lesions were iatrogenic. Embolizing devices and techniques are described. Percutaneous embolization was successful in 12 of 13 cases, and useless in 1 case of renal pseudoaneurysm. In the 12 successfully treated cases the lesions were still occluded in the follow-up period. Transcatheter percutaneous embolization is the elective treatment in splanchnic aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms; surgery must be performed only when embolization fails.     

脾动脉栓塞治疗胰源性假性脾动脉瘤

目的探讨动脉栓塞术治疗急、慢性胰腺炎合并假性脾动脉瘤的临床可行性，并观察其临床效果。方法8例假性脾动脉瘤病人，6例为急性胰腺炎坏死组织清除术后腹腔和胃肠道出血；2例为慢性胰腺炎，其中1例消化道出血，1例无症状偶然发现瘤体者。运用弹簧钢圈栓塞脾动脉破口的近、远两端。术后CT观察瘤体灌注情况及出血情况。结果8例病人均栓塞成功，7例出血者成功止血，无症状者CT复查瘤体无对比剂灌注；随访3—21个月，6例无再发出血。结论经皮穿刺脾动脉栓塞术是1种简便、安全、有效的治疗假性脾动脉瘤方法。     

Stent-Graft Treatment of Patients with Acute Bleeding from Hepatic Artery Branches

Purpose To present a new treatment option in patients with acute bleeding from the hepatic artery branches.Methods Four male patients, 23–49 years old (mean 36.3 years), were treated for acute bleeding and subsequent transient hypotension. Bleeding episodes were secondary to hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms in two patients and surgical suture insufficiency in one patient. In the remaining patient, anastomotic leakage occurred following thrombolysis for hepatic artery thrombosis. Patients were treated by endovascular placement of one or two balloon-expandable stent-grafts, ranging from 17 to 28 mm in length.Results All procedures were carried out without serious complications. All stent-grafts were deployed in the intended position with immediate cessation of bleeding and initial preservation of satisfactory blood flow.Conclusions Bleeding from the hepatic artery can be treated by insertion of balloon-expandable stent-grafts in the acute setting.     

Post-traumatic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm: A case of successful conservative treatment

Although post-traumatic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysms are rare in adults and even more uncommon in children, this serious complication can result in life-threatening bleeding. Most case studies have recommended surgical or endovascular interventions for preventing rupture or managing the bleeding from a ruptured intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm. Some studies also reported pseudoaneurysms could resolve without intervention and advised conservative therapy. In this case study, we describe a 19-month-old boy diagnosed with an intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm, upper gastrointestinal bleeding from the biliary tract, and hematoma infection. The patient received successful conservative treatment. After 36 days, the patient was discharged without signs of gastrointestinal bleeding and the steady shrinkage of the hematoma surrounding the pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm and hematoma vanished at follow-up 18 months after the trauma. Conservative treatment may be considered a viable option, particularly for cases of post-traumatic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysms in children.     

Embolization Coils Migrating and Being Passed per Rectum After Embolization of a Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm, “The Migrating Coil”: A Case Report

Acute or chronic blood loss from pseudoaneurysms of the splanchnic artery in chronic pancreatitis poses diagnostic and management challenges. Arteriographic examination offers both diagnostic and therapeutic options, with success rates of 76%–100% for both modalities. In cases of failure of embolization, repeat embolization is also an option. Surgical intervention is advocated for rebleeding and failure of embolization. Evidence-based guidelines regarding the optimal treatment modality for this condition are lacking. There has been a reported case of dislodgement of coil into the stomach through a gastropseudocystic fistula. We report the case of a migrating steel-wire coil through the gastrointestinal tract and splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. We highlight the potential complications of pseudoaneurysm and other available therapeutic management options.