新生儿高胆红素血症脑干听觉诱发电位的临床意义

通过脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的检测,研究血清胆红素水平对新生儿听力的影响.对240例(4800耳)高胆红素血症患儿进行了BAEP检测,并以240例正常新生儿作为对照组,随访监测异常患儿.高胆患儿中BAEP异常161例(253耳),总异常耳数率52.7%.同时发现高胆红素血症程度越重,BAEP异常改变越严重.随访114例BAEP异常患儿,14例仍有中、重度异常,其中脑瘫2例.研究提示,BAEP是简便易行、无创性、客观性好的检测方法,能及早发现听力异常并进行干预.     

新生儿高胆红素血症脑干听觉诱发电位的临床意义

通过脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的检测，研究血清胆红素水平对新生儿听力的影响。对240例(480耳)高胆红素血症患儿进行了BAEP检测，并以240例正常新生儿作为对照组，随访监测异常患儿。高胆患儿中BAEP异常16l例(253耳)，总异常耳数率52．7％。同时发现高胆红素血症程度越重，BAEP异常改变越严重。随访114例BAEP异常患儿，14例仍有中、重度异常，其中脑瘫2例。研究提示，BAEP是简便易行、无创性、客观性好的检测方法，能及早发现听力异常并进行干预。     

新生儿高胆红素血症听觉诱发电位检测的临床意义

目的 通过对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿进行胞干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)检测，评估高胆红素血症在未发生核黄疸时对脑损害及听力的影响。方法 对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿入院后进行脑干听觉诱发电位的测定。结果 49例高胆红素血症患儿中异常BAEP发生率为37％(18／49例)，表现为各波潜伏期(PL)及波间潜伏期(IPL)的延长和听阈值的增高，听阈值随胆红素浓度的增高而增高，经治疗后黄疸消退，脑干听觉诱发电位大部分恢复正常。结论 高胆红素血症对新生儿可造成听力损害，BAEP是检测高胆红素血症患儿听力筛查的重要手段之一。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对重症手足口病患儿脑损伤的评价

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）对重症和危重症手足口病患儿脑损伤的评价作用。方法 以2010年8月至2011年12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心住院治疗的重症和危重症手足口病患儿作为重症组和危重症组,于入院时和病程2周时行BAEP检查,以同期住院的无神经系统受损表现的手足口病患儿为对照组,于入院时行BAEP检查。比较3组BAEP各项指标间的差异。采用脑干反应阈值及Hall分级法比较治疗前后BAEP的变化情况。结果 重症组121例,危重症组102例,对照组200例进入分析。①对照组未见BAEP异常病例,重症组34例(28.1%)BAEP异常,危重症组49例(48.0%)BAEP异常,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。BAEP Ⅲ波PL延长、Ⅲ或Ⅴ波波幅低平或分化不良的发生率危重症组显著高于重症组（P<0.05）。②重症组和危重症组脑干反应阈值在治疗后较治疗前均显著降低（P<0.05）。治疗前危重症组脑干反应阈值显著高于重症组（P<0.05）,治疗后两组差异不显著。重症组和危重症组治疗后BAEP 1级所占比例均较治疗前显著增加,2和3级比例均有下降。结论 重症和危重症手足口病患儿均存在脑干功能损伤,以脑干反应阈值升高、Ⅲ波PL延长、Ⅲ波和Ⅴ波波幅低平或分化不良为主。Hall分级法和脑干反应阈值可动态评估BAEP变化,推测病情可能的演变。     

流行性腮腺炎累及中枢神经系统患儿脑干 听觉诱发电位的观察与分析

目的分析并探讨流行性腮腺炎累及中枢神经系统(CNs)患儿脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的变化规律和应用价值。方法对473例流行性腮腺炎累及CNS患儿按脑脊液和脑电图的不同变化分三组，应用肌电/诱发电位仪进行BAEP描记分析。结果473例BAEP检测异常78例，总异常率为16.5％(78/473)，其中脑电图异常组BAEP异常14例，异常率14.7％(14/95)，脑脊液异常组BAEP异常25例，异常率17.4％(25/144)，脑电图与脑脊液均异常组BAEP异常39例，异常率16.7％(39/234)，三组之间相互比较，均为P＞0.05，无显著性差异。BAEP各波异常中I波PL延长异常累计15例次(3.17％)，其余各波PL延长、IPL延长累计共73例次(15.43％)，两者比较P＜0.01差异有极显著性。473例患儿有耳聋4例(0.85％)。结论流行性腮腺炎累及CNs出现BAEP异常多见，但耳聋不多，其BAEP异常率与脑电图及脑脊液改变的关系不大，脑干水平听觉传导通路的损害发生率高于耳蜗和听神经，但为可逆性损害，耳蜗和听神经损害可导致耳聋常为不可逆性，流行性腮腺炎累及CNS时应做BA-EP筛查。     

新生儿重症监护病房早产儿听力损失的危险因素分析

目的 探讨不同胎龄早产儿及多种高危因素与听力损失程度的关系,为临床诊断、治疗提供可靠依据.方法 选取2010年1月至2012年6月入住我院NICU的早产儿为观察组,同期按约1∶1的比例选取普通新生儿病房的足月儿为对照组,两组患儿均为双耳瞬态耳声发射(TEOAE)初筛未通过者.应用脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)对不同胎龄新生儿进行听力测试,以单耳Ⅴ波反应阈＞ 65 dBpeSPL (30 dBHL)为听力损失的参考指标,对多种高危因素进行逐步回归分析,并对听力损失患儿进行随访.结果 本文共检测123例早产儿和100例足月儿,早产儿听力损失总发生率为66.7％(164/246耳),其中各胎龄组异常率分别为＜30周100％(12/12耳),30～34周75.0％(87/116耳),35～ 36周55.1％(65/118耳),足月儿总异常率为39.5％(79/200耳).早产儿各胎龄组异常率均高于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同胎龄组之间早产儿BAEP差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),表现为胎龄越小,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波峰潜伏期越延长,而Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ峰间期差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).出生胎龄(F =6.254)、高胆红素血症(F =6.925)、宫内感染(F =8.846)、ABO溶血(F=8.000)是早产儿听力损失的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).随访的76例听力损失早产儿中,42例恢复正常(55.3％),随访的34例听力损失足月儿中,28例恢复正常(82.4％).结论 BAEP是一种比较客观评价早产儿听力损失及脑干功能的可行检测技术.造成NICU早产儿听力损失的主要危险因素是胎龄、高胆红素血症、宫内感染和ABO溶血.     

新生儿高胆红素血症听觉诱发电位检测的临床意义

目的　 通过对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿进行脑干听觉诱发电位 (BAEP)检测 ,评估高胆红素血症在未发生核黄疸时对脑损害及听力的影响。 方法 　对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿入院后进行脑干听觉诱发电位的测定。 结果 　 49例高胆红素血症患儿中异常BAEP发生率为 3 7%( 18/ 49例 ) ,表现为各波潜伏期 (PL)及波间潜伏期 (IPL)的延长和听阈值的增高 ,听阈值随胆红素浓度的增高而增高 ,经治疗后黄疸消退 ,脑干听觉诱发电位大部分恢复正常。 结论 　高胆红素血症对新生儿可造成听力损害 ,BAEP是检测高胆红素血症患儿听力筛查的重要手段之一     

听觉脑干反应和耳声发射在高危儿听力筛查中的应用

目的：耳声发射(OAE)和听觉脑干反应(ABR) 是新生儿听力筛查的常用方法。该研究旨在探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE) 和ABR应用于重症监护病房(NICU)高危新生儿听力筛查的差异和意义。方法：分别应用Smart-EP型听觉脑干诱发电位仪和Smart-OAE畸变产物耳声发射检查仪对600例(1 200耳)不同病因所致的高危儿同时进行DPOAE和ABR检查,将两种方法取得的检测结果进行比较。结果：在600例(1 200耳)高危新生儿中,ABR的异常率(78.6%,943/1 200耳)远高于DPOAE的未通过率(22.3%,268/1 200耳);二种检查的共同阴/阳性率分别为20.8%(241/1 200耳)和21%(252/1 200耳)。1 200耳中有493耳DPOAE和ABR的测试结果一致,占41.1%;707耳的测试结果不一致,占58.9%。DPOAE测试的假阳性率为6.0%(16/268耳),假阴性率为74.1%(691/932耳)。结论： DPOAE仅反映耳蜗功能,单独用于高危新生儿听功能筛查的价值有限。ABR检查果相对可靠,NICU高危新生儿听力筛查应先做ABR检查,ABR异常者再做OAE检查。ABR和OAE二种检测方法相互结合,方能提高高危新生儿听力筛查的准确性。     

新生儿高胆红素血症患儿脑干听觉诱发电位及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶变化及临床意义

目的通过对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)检测,评估高胆红素血症对新生儿听神经损伤。方法 56例血清胆红素大于 220．5μmol／L的新生儿为高胆红素血症组(简称高胆组),血清胆红素小于220．5μmol／L的49例足月儿为对照组,分别进行BAEP、NSE检测。结果高胆组新生儿BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期(PL)、峰间潜伏期(IPL)均明显延长,与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0．01);高胆组新生儿NSE明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0．01);NSE水平与BAEP的Ⅴ波反应阈值呈正相关(r=0．65,P<0．01)。结论高胆红素血症可导致新生儿听神经损伤;BAEP和NSE对其神经损伤有较高的敏感性,可作为监测指标。     

动态脑电图、脑干听觉诱发电位在脑性瘫痪预后康复评价中的意义

目的探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)在脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)儿预后康复评价中的作用。方法对128例脑瘫患儿分别在清醒、活动及睡眠状态下检测AEEG及入睡后用10%水合氯醛检测BAEP,并对AEEG、BAEP检测结果进行分析。结果AEEG正常48例(37.5%),异常80例(62.5%)。BAEP正常25例(19.5%).异常103例(80.5%)。并智力低下及癫癎患儿的AEEG异常率高于平均异常率。手足徐动型、混合型脑瘫患儿的BAEP异常率高于平均异常率。绪论脑瘫类型不同,AEEG、BAEP异常率不同。AEEG与BAEP两者从不同的解剖径路发现脑瘫的并发症及判断预后,有助于脑瘫的全面康复。     

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??Abstract?? Objective To investigate the morphology wave??,??,??peak latency ??PL?? and ??-????-??????-?? interval peak latency ??IPL?? of normal children’s BAEP?? and to establish the normal range standards of the children??from1 day old to 14 years old?? in South China. Methods BAEP was detected in 423 children ??846 ears?? who had passed the audiological tests and denied any disease which would cause hearing loss. Test the 423 cases of normal children under 14 years and record the latency range for wave??,??,??peak latency ??PL?? and ??-??,??-??,??-?? interval peak latency ??IPL?? of BAEP. Analyze the change of the PL and IPL range as the ages increases. Results We built the normal range of the PL and the IPL of the each group of the children with the software of SPSS13.0. We also found that the data of each wave was related to age increase??P??0.05??. The wave I was weakly linked with the change of age??r = 0.375??, but the length of wave ??, wave ?? and IPL was highly linked with age increase??r??0.8??. Conclusion??Wave I,wave ?? and wave ?? show the different changes as the age increases, and it seems to correlate with the maturity of the central auditory system.     

Early development of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Down's syndrome

Early development of brainstem auditory pathway was studied in 14 children with Down's syndrome (age range from 1 month to 3 years). The brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) during infancy was characterized by elevated threshold and poorly differentiated wave I. All children within 2 years had elevated threshold in one or both ears, suggesting a high incidence of peripheral hearing deficits. Follow-up tests showed that as age increased up to 3 years the elevated threshold gradually decreased and the differentiation of wave I improved. The I-V interpeak interval was slightly shorter and the amplitude of wave V was smaller than the normal controls, which existed continuously during follow-up studies. Our findings suggest that the development of peripheral hearing is delayed, although persistent hearing deficits cannot be excluded, and the functioning and development of the brainstem auditory pathway may also be abnormal in Down's syndrome children.     

Audiological evaluation of very low birthweight infants

A population of consecutively surviving very low birthweight (VLBW) infants comprising 41 infants (24 female) birthweight less than 1000 g and 108 infants (63 female) birthweight 1000-1500 g received detailed audiological evaluation. The audiological test battery comprised auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) prior to hospital discharge, behavioural audiometry and tympanometry at 8-12 months and monitoring as necessary. The ABR results were interpreted with reference to a normative group of 36 full-term infants (birthweight 2.4-4.5 kg). Of the 142 VLBW infants completing audiological evaluation, one (0.7%) had evidence of moderate-severe high frequency sensorineural hearing loss, 83 (58.5%) evidence of conductive dysfunction (18 severe, 42 moderate and 23 mild) and only 58 (40.8%) normal hearing. The 19 infants with severe auditory impairment were more likely to have suffered moderate-severe apnoea, greater than or equal to two courses of mechanical ventilation, prolonged oxygen therapy and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in the first year of life than infants without severe impairment (P less than 0.05). Because of the incidence of conductive pathology, difficulties occurred when attempting to compare ABR status at 36-42 weeks postmenstrual age with peripheral hearing status at 8-12 months as assessed by visual reinforcement orientation audiometry (VROA) and impedance audiometry. The most useful ABR test parameters as screening measures of peripheral auditory status were Wave I-III-V morphology, wave V threshold levels and wave V absolute latency values when used in combination as a test battery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Brainstem acoustic evoked potentials in children with developmental disabilities--a useful tool for differential diagnosis

In a retrospective study brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) were evaluated in 222 children with psychomotor retardation or dysmorphic signs. Registrations were done, when no clear response to acoustic stimuli of medium intensity (60-80 dBA) could be obtained during clinical examination. Only 118 children (53%) had normal BAEP. 50 patients (22%) suffered from hearing impairment. 39 children (17%) showed disturbances of neuronal conduction. In 15 cases (7%) a combination of both conditions occurred. The mean age of our children with hearing impairment was 33.1 months, no case having been diagnosed before. In 57% the impairment was of the conductive type with an amount of less than 40 dB nHL This type was predominant in children with skeletal dysplasias (43%), chromosomal aberrations (43%) and malformation syndromes (40%). Severe hearing deficits of the sensorineural type with more than 69 dB nHL were found in children with malformation syndromes (28%), perinatal injuries (23%) and cns malformations (16%). As far as reference data were available, the hearing impairment in the BAEP was confirmed in 92% by our pedaudiologists. As a consequence hearing aids were first prescribed in 10 children, their medium age being 33.6 months. In 18 cases grommets were inserted. 9 children required paracentesis and 4 adenotomy. Disturbances of neuronal conduction with increased interpeak latencies and deformed potentials were predominantly found in the group of children with neurometabolic diseases (67%) and cns malformations (32%). Early diagnosis of hearing impairment in children with psychomotor retardation remains a problem as it is in the general population. More attention in clinical examination and appropriate screening is necessary. BAEP provide a powerful tool for hearing screening and additional information for differential diagnosis especially in children with neurometabolic diseases.     

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in term infants after hypoxia-ischaemia

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in 46 term infants who suffered perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia to identify which frequencies in the cochlear audiogram are susceptible to perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia. On days 3–5 after birth, the pass rates across the frequencies of the f₂ primary tone between 1 and 10 kHz, particularly 1–5 kHz, were all lower than those in normal term controls (X² = 7.27–32.30, all P <0.01). Of the 92 ears, 15 (16.3%) failed the DPOAE test, which was significantly higher than in the controls (4.3%, X² = 5.81, P <0.05). At 1 month, 80 ears with a type A tympanogram were re-tested. The pass rates at most frequencies, mainly 1 and 2 kHz, were slightly further decreased. Thirteen ears (16.2%) failed the DPOAE test. These results suggest that the neonatal cochlea, mainly at the frequencies 1–5 kHz, is impaired shortly after perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and the impairment remains at 1 month. Conclusion: Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia impairs the neonatal cochlea mainly at the frequencies 1–5 kHz and the impairment detected on days 3–5 after birth is unlikely to improve in the later neonatal period. These findings may have implications for the management of hearing impairment in infants after perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia.     

Hearing loss in Turner syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To address the characteristics of hearing loss in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), we evaluated hearing levels of patients with TS and analyzed causative factors. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three patients with TS (8 to 40 years of age) were studied through the use of audiological measurements, and causative factors were explored. RESULTS: Twenty cases (35 of 66 ears tested) showed high-frequency (8 kHz) sensory neural hearing loss (HFQ-SNHL). Fifteen cases (26 ears) and 15 cases (24 ears) of the impaired 20 cases were unresponsive to distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, respectively. HFQ-SNHL showed little relation to the history of middle ear infection and puberty, although middle ear infections were seen in 11 of the 20 cases. The hearing thresholds at high frequencies were correlated with age and body height (P < .001). The age-dependent increase in hearing thresholds in the high frequencies was more apparent in patients with TS with monosomic 45, X than in those with the mosaic type (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: More than 60% of patients with TS had HFQ-SNHL. Because the increase in hearing threshold at high frequencies was shown to depend on karyotype and aging, regular otological examination is important for the determination of proper treatment.     

Central nervous system lymphoma in children

This paper describes the rare MR and CT features of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in immunocompetent children and in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and discusses the causative role of cranial irradiation and/or leukoencephalopathy preceding central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in survivors of childhood leukemia. The authors reviewed MR and CT scans of 3 children with biopsy-proved CNS lymphoma. One child had tumor infiltration within the optic nerve sheaths and optic chiasm by previously known non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In 2 patients, CNS lymphoma developed 8 and 10 years after initial ALL treatment. In both cases CNS lymphoma was preceded by cranial irradiation and leukoencephalopathy. A single lesion was present in 3 out of 4 patients. All lesions were isointense or hypointense on the T1-weighted images relative to gray matter and showed homogeneous enhancement. One lesion was centered in the central gray matter, one lesion was centered within a cerebral hemisphere, one lesion was in optic nerve, and there were 2 parasellar lesions. CNS lymphoma has a variable appearance in children. Knowledge of risk factors in children may help in the early recognition of disease, allowing for timely intervention. This may prompt early biopsy or a conservative management in the appropriate clinical setting.