不同站姿足底压力分布与足弓结构特征的相关性

目的 探讨不同站姿时足底压力分布与足弓结构特征之间的相关性。 方法 对 13 名健康成年男性进行足底压力测试,并进行足部 CT 扫描和足骨模型重构,建立足弓数字化表征。 在此基础上,分析足底压力测量指标与足弓特征测量参数之间的相关性。 结果 前足峰值压力(forefoot peak pressure, FPP)在 0°站姿时与内外侧纵弓高度、内外侧纵弓指数和体质量正相关,与内外侧纵弓角负相关;在 30°站姿时与内外侧纵弓长度、内侧纵弓高度、足底三角形面积和体质量正相关;在 60°站姿时与内外侧纵弓高度和内侧纵弓指数正相关,与内侧纵弓角负相关。 中 足峰值压力(midfoot peak pressure, MPP)在 0°站姿时与内外侧纵弓长度和足底三角形面积正相关;在 30°站姿时与内外侧纵弓长度、内外侧纵弓角和足底三角形面积正相关,与内外侧纵弓指数负相关;在 60°站姿时与内外侧纵弓长度、足底三角形面积和体质量正相关。 后足峰值压力(rearfoot peak pressure, RPP)在 0°站姿时与内外侧纵弓高度、内外侧纵弓指数和体质量正相关,与内外侧纵弓角负相关;在 30°和 60°站姿时仅与体质量正相关,与足弓特征参数无关。 结论 不同站姿时的足底压力分布与足弓特征存在不同相关性。 研究结果可为临床诊断、治疗和预防因不同站姿引起的足部病理提供理论基础。     

木雅人的手长宽、足长宽与身高的关系

目的探讨四川木雅人手长、手宽、足长、足宽与身高的关系,为人类学、法医学及临床医学提供参考,同时为中国人体质调查积累资料。方法按人类学规定的方法和标准,对年龄在20~70岁四川省木雅人157人(男77名,女80名)的手长、手宽、足长、足宽和身高进行测量统计学分析。结果得出手长、手宽、足长、足宽、身高的均数及相关系数,各组相关系数r在0.279~0.623之间,手长与身高、手宽与身高、足长与身高、足宽与身高呈现相关性,其r分别为:男性0.285,女性0.345;男性0.500,女性0.379;男性0.623,女性0.620;男性0.359,女性0.279。结论由此推算出的8个回归方程可推算出四川木雅人身高。     

广西百色市苗族中小学生足长与身高、体质量的相关性

目的:研究广西百色市苗族中小学生足长与身高、体质量的关系,为生长(年龄)解剖学、法医学和人类学提供参考数据.方法:对广西百色市苗族中小学生1 523人(男930人,女593人)6～16岁足长、身高与体质量进行测量分析.结果:比较男女不同年龄组苗族中小学生足长、身高、体质量的均值,性别差异有统计学意义.男女各年龄组足长与身高、足长与体质量呈正相关关系,并求出足长与身高、足长与体质量的回归方程.结论:广西百色市苗族中小学生可通过足长推算身高、足长推算体质量.     

广西瑶族中老年人骨密度与体成分的相关性分析

目的:分析探讨广西瑶族中老年人身高、体质量、脂肪率、脂肪、体质量指数与骨密度的规律及其相关性。方法:随机抽取343名(男性123名,女性220名)广西瑶族健康中老年人作为研究对象,检测受试者的体质量、脂肪率、脂肪量、体质量指数、身高和右足跟骨密度。结果:广西瑶族中老年人身高、体质量、脂肪率、脂肪量、体质量指数与骨密度均随着年龄的增长逐渐降低,不同性别间身高、脂肪率和骨密度差异明显。男性的身高、脂肪率和骨密度均大于同龄段女性,男性骨密度减少的幅度小于女性。男、女性的身高、体质量、体质量指数与骨密度均显著相关。结论:广西瑶族中老年人身高、体质量、体质量指数和骨密度随年龄的增长逐渐降低,且身高、体质量、体质量指数对骨密度起决定性作用。     

新疆塔塔尔族青年体重足长与身高关系的研究

目的 探讨新疆塔塔尔族青年体重、足长与身高的关系，为临床、体育选才、法医学、人类学提供参考资料。方法对新疆奇台县塔塔尔乡塔塔尔族青年132人（男68人，女64人）体重、足长、身高进行测量分析。结果 得出了体重、足长、身高的均人主相关系数，全部相关系数介于0．68－0．76之间，足长与身高之间相关系数男性0．76，女性0．75，二者高度相关，体重与身高之间相关系数男性0．69，女性0．68。结论 由此推算出四个回归方程，由足长推测身高及由体重推测身高的回归方程。     

13～15岁壮族青少年年龄、身高、体质量与肺活量的相关性

目的:建立广西壮族13~15岁青少年肺活量正常参考值及其与身高、体质量和年龄之间的相关性,为临床应用提供参考。方法:以常住广西百色地区13~15岁正常壮族青少年为研究对象,采用肺活量计测量肺活量和人体成分分析仪测量体质,采用马丁顿测高仪测量身高。结果:13~15岁壮族男女青少年肺活量与年龄、身高均呈正相关,体质量是男女性肺活量的主要影响因素。13岁壮族女生平均身高和体质量均显著低于同龄男生,13岁女生的肺活量值低于同龄男生,但14岁女生的肺活量值显著提高。结论:肺活量随着体质量、身高和年龄的增加逐渐增加,随着青春期的启动而显著地增加,青春期是肺活量迅速增加的一个关键时期。     

中国城市汉族人身高、体质量与纬度的关系

目的:研究中国城市汉族人的身高、体质量与纬度的相关性。方法:根据随机采样原则,按照《人体测量方法》的规定,2009年~2013年在中国22个省共31个地区测量了10 451例城市汉族人的身高、体质量等20项指标值,并计算了7项指数和体脂率。结果:随纬度增加,男性、女性的头部、面部、躯干、下肢的高度值均增大,共同导致身高与纬度呈正相关。下肢全长增加的速度均超过身高增加的速度,北方汉族人的下肢占身高的比例大于南方汉族。随纬度增加,汉族城市人身体脂肪逐渐增多,胸腔、腹腔内脏器官和脂肪的体积增加、躯干宽度增大、躯干骨骼增重、臀部肌肉及脂肪增多;女性上臂、背部、腹部、小腿的皮下脂肪厚度呈线性增加,男性背部皮下脂肪厚度随纬度增加而呈线性增厚,男性大腿骨骼、女性上臂骨骼变得粗大,女性上臂肌肉逐渐发达,这些变化共同导致了体质量与纬度呈正相关。结论:汉族城市成年男性、女性的身高、体质量均与纬度呈正相关。     

中国京族老年人手足长、手足宽与身高的相关性

目的 ：研究京族老年人的手足长、手足宽与身高的相关性,并估测其身高。方法 ：采用人体测量学的方法,以广西壮族自治区防城港市东兴市的226例60岁以上的京族老年人(男性99例、女性127例)为研究对象,分别测量身高、足长、足宽、手长、手宽5项体部指标,并建立推测身高的回归方程,计算了手长宽指数与足长宽指数。结果 ：京族老年男性身高、足长、足宽、手长、手宽的均值都大于老年女性。根据手长宽指数分型,京族老年男性的中手与特宽手比例较高,京族老年女性的窄手与特窄手比例较高。京族老年男女的手长、手宽、足长、足宽与身高均呈正相关。京族老年男、女性均以足长估测线性回归方程的估计标准误最小,准确性最高,线性回归方程分别为Y=3.632X₁+710.331(男性)和Y=3.792X₁+615.738(女性)。在4项指标预测京族老年人身高的多元线性回归方程中,女性的手长与足长组合估测身高的回归方程最准确。结论：京族老年人身高、足长、足宽、手长、手宽存在显著性别差异。京族老年男、女性均以足长建立的回归方程估测身高最准确。     

湘黔渝边区女性体表面积

目的:研究湘黔渝边区女性苗族女性身高、体质量、体表面积值,为建立苗族女性健康指标评价体系提供依据。方法:采用人体测量方法测量该区汉族、苗族女性的身高、体质量值,并利用Stevenson公式计算女性的体表面积。结果:苗族女性身高随着年龄增高而逐渐降低、体质量随着年龄增高而逐渐增加;30~40岁之间苗族体表面积高于汉族,其他年龄段苗族体表面积值均低于汉族。结论:湘黔渝边区苗族女性体表面积整体发育水平低于汉族女性。因此,需建立独立的健康指标评价体系。     

基诺族成人围度与握力关系的探讨

目的:探讨基诺族成人围度的特征,分析基诺族成人围度与右手握力大小的关系。方法:对云南省西双版纳州600例基诺族成人(男性279例,女性321例)的围度进行了测量,分析基诺族成人围度与年龄、身高、体质量之间的相关性,探讨腰臀比、上臂围度差、臂围度指数、大小腿围度指数与握力值之间的关系。结果:男性胸围、腰围与年龄无相关关系,女性腰围与年龄之间无相关关系;男性、女性围度均与身高、体质量呈正相关;右手握力值与上臂围、大腿围具有正相关。结论:随年龄增大,基诺族男性7项围度、女性8项围度逐渐减小,握力值受前臂围、大腿围影响较大,中心肥胖程度也对握力值有较大影响,右利手个体左、右握力存在差异。     

Force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles and dynamic function of the foot arch in upright standing

The muscle and tendon complex of the foot helps to support the foot arch and generates the muscle force of the foot. The present study investigated the force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles and the dynamic function of the foot arch when standing upright, and the relationships between these indices. The maximum toe flexor force and foot arch height in the sitting and standing positions were studied in the left and right feet of 224 healthy young individuals. To measure the maximum isometric force of the toe flexor muscles, the subjects exerted maximum force on a toe grip dynamometer. Measurements were repeated three times with at least a 1‐min rest period between bouts, and the maximum value among the measurements for each foot was used for further analysis. The absolute value of the toe flexor strength was normalised by body mass. The foot arch height was measured the distance between the tuberosity of the navicular bone and the floor, and normalised by height. The relative foot arch height difference between the sitting and standing positions was evaluated as the foot arch dynamics. The maximum isometric toe flexor strength was 42% higher in the standing position than in the sitting position. There was no relationship between the relative toe flexor strength and the relative foot arch height in either the sitting or standing positions; however, the relative increase in toe flexor strength from sitting to standing (the force amplification factor) was related to the foot arch dynamics, and the flexible foot arch showed a greater increase in the toe flexor strength from sitting to standing compared with the strength in the stiff foot arch. The results of this study suggest that the force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles is augmented by bodyweight bearing in upright standing. Additionally, the force amplification mechanism is mechanically regulated by the dynamic function of the foot arch in conjunction with the stretching of the muscle–tendon complex of the foot.     

新疆锡伯族青年身高与指距的研究

目的 为体育选才、人类学及法医学提供体质学资料。方法 采用人体方新疆察布查尔县锡伯族青年229人）男117人,女112人）身高与指距进行测量分析。结果 得出锡伯族身高和指距的均值、差值、差值分型、指数等。由此推算出4个回归方程。结论 锡伯族青年身高、指距测量值及身高指距差的计算和分型均符合国人体型及身高性别差异,但指距身高指数大于各民族青年人。     

苗族中小学生同身寸与身高的关系

目的：了解苗族中小学生同身寸长度与身高的关系，为法医学、体质人类学和生长(年龄)解剖学提供参考依据。方法：测量了814例8～16岁发育正常的苗族学生的同身寸和身高，并作直线相关及回归分析。结果：按年龄、性别分组得出各组身高和同身寸长。男性各年龄组及女性8～、12～和15～16岁组同身寸长与身高间呈正的直线相关。并求出了苗族中小学生由同身寸长推算身高的回归方程。结论：通过同身寸长可推算身高，与壮族资料比较，既有相似，又有差异。     

The effect of foot arch on plantar pressure distribution during standing

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore how foot type affects plantar pressure distribution during standing. In this study, 32 healthy subjects voluntarily participated and the subject feet were classified as: normal feet (n?=?23), flat feet (n?=?14) and high arch feet (n?=?27) according to arch index (AI) values obtained from foot pressure intensity image analysis. Foot pressure intensity images were acquired by a pedopowergraph system to obtain a foot pressure distribution parameter-power ratio (PR) during standing in eight different regions of the foot. Contact area and mean PR were analysed in hind foot, mid-foot and fore foot regions. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine statistical differences between groups. The contact area and mean PR value beneath the mid-foot was significantly increased in the low arch foot when compared to the normal arch foot and high arch foot (p?<?0.001) in both feet. However, subjects with low-arch feet had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) compared to subjects with high-arch feet (p?<?0.05) and subjects with normal arch feet (p?<?0.05) in both feet. In addition, subjects with low-arch feet had significant differences in arch index (AI) value as compared to subjects with high-arch feet (p?<?0.001) and subjects with normal arch feet (p?<?0.05) in both feet. Mean mid-foot PR value were positively (r?=?0.54) correlated with increased arch index (AI) value. A significant (p?<?0.05) change was obtained in PR value beneath the mid-foot of low arch feet when compared with other groups in both feet. The findings suggest that there is an increased mid-foot PR value in the low arch foot as compared to the normal arch foot and high arch foot during standing. Therefore, individuals with low arch feet could be at high risk for mid-foot collapse and Charcot foot problems, indicating that foot type should be assessed when determining an individual’s risk for foot injury.     

新疆锡伯族身高与同身寸长关系的研究

目的　了解锡伯族身高与同身寸长的关系 ,为体质人类学填补空白 ,为生长 (年龄 )解剖学 ,法医学提供参考依据。方法　对 135名 (男 5 9人 ,女 76人 )发育正常的锡伯族成人身高 ,同身寸长进行测量。结果　按年龄、性别分组将得出身高 ,同身寸长的基本数据进行统计学处理。结论　得出了新疆锡伯族身高 ,同身寸长的均值及由同身寸长推测身高的公式及回归方程     

跑者足部形态与足趾及跖趾关节屈肌力量的相关性

目的 探究坐姿及站姿下跑者足部形态与足趾屈曲力量和跖趾关节屈肌力量的相关性.方法 选取26名男性跑者,采用数显游标卡尺、跖趾关节屈肌力量测试仪、屈曲力量计测量足长、截脚长、足宽、足舟骨高度、50％足长处足背高度、跖趾关节屈肌力量、第1和其余四趾屈曲力量.使用偏相关分析足部形态与足部肌力的相关性.结果 校正年龄与身体质量...     

仫佬族小学生同身寸与身高的关系

目的了解仫佬族小学生同身寸长度与身高的关系,为法医学、体质人类学和生长(年龄)解剖学提供参考依据。方法测量了654例7～12岁发育正常的仫佬族小学生的同身寸和身高,并作直线相关及回归分析。结果按年龄、性别分组得出各组身高和同身寸长。男性各年龄组及女性8～、9～、10～、11～、12～岁组同身寸长与身高间呈正的直线相关。并求出了仫佬族小学生由同身寸长推算身高的回归方程。结论通过身寸长可推算身高,与苗族资料比较,既有相似,又有差异。     

Shod landing provides enhanced energy dissipation at the knee joint relative to barefoot landing from different heights

Athletic shoes can directly provide shock absorption at the foot due to its cushioning properties, however it remains unclear how these shoes may affect the level of energy dissipation contributed by the knee joint. This study sought to investigate biomechanical differences, in terms of knee kinematics, kinetics and energetics, between barefoot and shod landing from different heights. Twelve healthy male recreational athletes were recruited and instructed to perform double-leg landing from 0.3-m and 0.6-m heights in barefoot and shod conditions. The shoe model tested was Brooks Maximus II. Markers were placed on the subjects based on the Plug-in Gait Marker Set. Force-plates and motion-capture system were used to capture ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematics data respectively. 2 × 2-ANOVA (barefoot/shod condition × landing height) was performed to examine differences in knee kinematics, kinetics and energetics between barefoot and shod conditions from different landing heights. Peak GRF was not significantly different (p = 0.732–0.824) between barefoot and shod conditions for both landing heights. Knee range-of-motion, flexion angular velocity, external knee flexion moment, and joint power and work were higher during shod landing (p < 0.001 to p = 0.007), compared to barefoot landing for both landing heights. No significant interactions (p = 0.073–0.933) were found between landing height and barefoot/shod condition for the tested parameters. While the increase in landing height can elevate knee energetics independent of barefoot/shod conditions, we have also shown that the shod condition was able to augment the level of energy dissipation contributed by the knee joint, via the knee extensors, regardless of the tested landing heights.     

Vital capacity in trained and untrained healthy young adults in the Netherlands

Summary Slow inspiratory vital capacity was measured in 226 healthy young adults, aged from 17 to 35 years. The group included 119 men and 107 women, 87 trained subjects, 71 untrained subjects who intended to take part in a training program for competitive rowing, and 68 untrained subjects who never took part in any competitive sport.The vital capacity increased with height, weight, fat-free mass, height×fat-free mass, and height-independent fat-free mass, with men having significantly higher vital capacities than women of the same height or weight. In both males and females vital capacity showed the best relation with height×fat-free mass (correlation coefficients are 0.78 and 0.57 respectively). Multiple regression on vital capacity with height, weight, fat-free mass, height×fat-free mass, height-independent fat-free mass, percentage body fat, and age increased the correlation coefficient only slightly (0.80 and 0.59 respectively).The subjects had vital capacities that were much higher than those predicted for them by equations originating from the USA. There was no difference between the observed vital capacities and those predicted by equations originating from Europe. There is a difference in vital capacity between the European subjects studied and subjects of similar height studied in the USA. This implies that equations derived from subjects in the USA cannot be applied to European subjects.From our results we conclude that vital capacity is not increased by physical activity.We derived one simple equation that can be used to predict the vital capacity for both male and female, trained and untrained young adults, who have a similar genetic background to our subjects.