单克隆抗体治疗免疫性周围神经病进展

免疫性周围神经病如慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(CIDP)、多病灶运动神经病(MMN)等常规方法治疗疗效有时较差和毒性较大。目前几种单克隆抗体(MAbs)已经试用于免疫性周围神经病的治疗。小范围研究或在单个病例,以建立未来的方向周围神经系统疾病治疗的未来方向。利妥昔单抗,是治疗免疫性神经病应用最广泛和最有前景的MAb,阿仑单抗和贝伐单抗等也试用于治疗各种免疫异常的神经病变。对有些难治性周围神经病,单克隆抗体是一种新的安全有效的治疗方法。     

抗肿瘤单克隆抗体靶向药物的研究进展

随着基因工程和蛋白质工程技术及淋巴杂交瘤技术的发展 ,可获得高度特异的单克隆抗体 ,为研制新型抗肿瘤药物带来新的机遇和希望。综述单克隆抗体及偶联物在肿瘤治疗中所获得的进展、存在的问题、及可能解决的方法。     

沙浴治疗兔膝骨关节炎的实验研究

目的：研究沙浴对兔膝关节骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis OA)关节周围血流、膝关节滑膜及软骨的病理改变的影响，为中老年人膝骨关节炎的沙浴治疗提供依据。方法：青紫兰兔15只，成功建立OA动物模型13只，其中12只随机分成自由活动组(A)，自由活动加沙疗组(B)，健侧关节沙疗对照组(C)。在平均气温32℃情况下，将模型兔下半部分掩埋在干燥的40～50℃的海沙中，1次25～30min，1次／d。观察沙疗后即时的膝关节周围血流情况，以及经过沙疗10d和20d后膝关节滑膜及软骨的病理改变。结果：沙疗后患侧膝关节活动改善，膝关节周围血管内血流明显增加，膝关节滑膜细胞层次逐渐减少、炎症细胞明显减少，但软骨细胞退变改善在光学显微镜下不明显。结论：沙疗能增加治疗部位的血流，改善局部血液循环，促进炎症的消退，对正常关节无不利影响。     

牛磺酸对骨关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及可能机制

目的 探讨牛磺酸（Taurine）对骨关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及可能机制。方法 采用碘乙酸单钠（MIA）造成骨关节炎大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为OA组与牛磺酸组（腹腔注射100mg/kg的牛磺酸）,另取正常SD大鼠作为假手术组。测定各组大鼠机械痛阈值和热痛阈值;检测各组大鼠血清中一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）的含量;HE染色观测各组大鼠软骨组织损伤情况;ELISA法检测各组大鼠损伤软骨组织中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α炎性因子的含量;Western blot法检测各组大鼠软骨组织中高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)的表达。结果 牛磺酸可显著提升骨关节炎大鼠的机械痛阈值和热痛阈值,改善OA组织间隙充血、肿胀、炎性细胞严重浸润等病变现象,降低血清中NO和MDA含量,抑制炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α表达,下调HMGB1蛋白表达。结论 牛磺酸可通过抑制HMGB1蛋白改善骨关节炎大鼠的软骨组织病变程度,降低自由基的生成以及炎性因子的释放。     

干扰素增强单克隆抗体的体内抗癌靶向作用

在癌细胞间，其肿瘤特异性抗原(TSA)并不一致，这就限制了单克隆抗体在诊断和治疗上的应用。已知干扰素(IFN)可增强肿瘤特异性抗原和组织相容性抗原(HLA)的显露，对此，Greiner等用抗癌细胞的单克隆抗体探讨干扰素对增强靶向性(Targeting)的影响。方法是用结肠癌细胞进行免疫，获得单克隆抗体B6．2。结果发现B6．2可与90k糖蛋白反应，并与75-80％乳癌和90％以上的结肠癌呈阳性反应。     

单克隆抗体治疗小鼠宫颈癌

本文探讨小鼠宫颈癌单克隆抗体（ＡＴ１４－１）对带瘤动物的疗效。动物经不同途径接种不同数量的可移植性宫颈癌（Ｕ１４）细胞：然后给治疗组的动物从腹腔注入不同剂量的ＡＵ１４－１。结果表明，ＡＵ１４－１可延长带有腹水型或实验型肿瘤小鼠的存活期，且可治愈其中某些动物；但其功效受不列条件的制约；接种的肿瘤细胞数量，治疗的肿瘤类型，所用的单克隆抗体剂量，以及单克隆抗体与肿瘤细胞的结合程度。本研究提示，ＡＵ１４－     

关节腔注射治疗骨关节炎药物载体系统中的软骨靶向功能

背景：关节腔注射给药已经在骨关节炎治疗中占有重要地位,新型的药物递送系统的开发给予了更多选择。软骨靶向功能是针对治疗骨关节炎时药物附着或留置在软骨层中形成药库,达到缓释和精准药物递送。目的：综述关节腔注射治疗骨关节炎中各种软骨靶向生物材料和其特点。方法：以“骨关节炎,药物载体,软骨靶向,osteoarthritis,drug carrier,drug delivery,cartilage targeting,penetrate”为关键词在万方、中国知网、PubMed数据库进行文献检索,根据纳入与排除标准对文章进行筛选、最终选择67篇文章进行综述。结果与结论：针对软骨靶向生物材料的研究,主要分为两个方向。一是利用静电作用的相互结合,如携带正电荷的生物材料与软骨中的负电多糖结合,这类方案可操作性强,便于修饰,但受限于静电作用本身的缺点,在晚期骨关节炎中表现不佳;二是针对软骨内各成分的特异性结合,这种结合强而可靠,相关生物材料在晚期骨关节炎中表现优异,是未来软骨靶向治疗的重要方向。     

鼠源性单克隆抗体在病毒性疾病实验治疗中的应用

大量动物实验和初步的临床观察表明，鼠源性ＭｃＡｂ有可能成为一些病毒性疾病特异而有效的治疗制剂。其作用机理主要是对病毒的直接中和而抑制感染，也可通过介导机体的ＣＤＣ和／或ＡＤＣＣ效应而发挥作用。在将鼠源性ＭｃＡｂ普遍应用于临床之前，尚需对其药代动力学及其可能的副作用等进行深入研究。     

厚朴酚对骨关节炎的抗炎和软骨保护作用

目的探讨厚朴酚的体外抗炎活性和对碘乙酸单钠(MIA)诱导的骨关节炎(OA)的影响。方法脂多糖(LPS)处理的RAW264.7细胞中体外评价厚朴酚的抗炎作用,设立LPS组、厚朴酚不同浓度组(5、10、20μmol/L),以正常培养的细胞作为对照组,Griess试剂测量培养基中NO的累积;Western blot检测细胞iNOS、COX-2蛋白的表达。MIA诱导OA的SD大鼠模型,分为MIA组、厚朴酚不同浓度组(5、10、20 mg/kg),以正常大鼠作为对照组,取大鼠膝关节组织样本进行组织学分析,实时PCR分析大鼠IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的mRNA表达;ELISA检测培养基上清液中PGE 2、IL-6及各组大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量。结果厚朴酚抑制LPS处理的RAW264.7细胞中的NO、PGE2和IL-6的产生(P<0.05)。此外,厚朴酚抑制MIA诱导OA大鼠模型的IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的升高及MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的合成(P<0.05)。结论厚朴酚在OA大鼠模型中发挥有效的抗炎活性并保护...     

Monoclonal antibody against L-histidine decarboxylase for localization of histaminergic cells

The immunochemical and immunohistochemical properties of a monoclonal antibody (Mab HI 113-12) developed in mice against a partially purified preparation of rat gastric L-histidine decarboxylase (HD) were studied. The Mab recognised the HD activity from the antigen and from crude tissue extracts with a high histamine (HA)-synthesizing capacity (stomach, hypothalamus, striatum, mastocytoma). In contrast, neither a bacterial HD nor other decarboxylases (glutamic and DOPA decarboxylases) were immunoprecipitated. In preliminary immunohistochemical studies, staining of the cytoplasm of mastocytoma as well as of hypothalamic neurons, particularly magnocellular ones in the mamillary region, were observed. The latter presumably correspond to the cells of origin of a long ascending histaminergic pathway.     

Monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes after overnight storage

Often monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes is not performed until the day after blood collection for reasons of convenience or due to the need to transport the blood to other facilities. In order to determine whether accurate results can be obtained on the day after collection, we compared results obtained after storage overnight at 4° C or 22°C with results obtained with fresh lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from 24 normal individuals were evaluated with 10 monoclonal antibodies using an immunofluorescence technique with analysis by flow cytofluorometry. There were markedly altered results obtained with lymphocytes separated on the day after collection from the whole blood stored at 4° C. Lymphocytes separated from whole blood stored at 22° C showed moderate changes in reactivity with some monoclonal antibodies. Lymphocytes that were separated from flesh blood and then stored at 4°C or 22°C showed results similar to fresh lymphocytes. These results underscore importance of proper processing of blood samples to avoid misinterpretation of results.     

Monoclonal antibodies against bovine immunoglobulins and their use in isotype-specific ELISAs for rotavirus antibody

Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against bovine immunoglobulin (BIg) isotypes were produced and characterized. MCAs were obtained which react specifically with IgG, IgG1, IgG2 or IgA while MCAs against IgM showed a partial cross-reaction with affinity purified IgA. MCAs with optimal characteristics for application in ELISA were selected and used as conjugates in an indirect double antibody sandwich assay (IDAS) and as the capturing antibody in an antibody capture assay (ACA) for the isotype-specific detection of antibodies against rotavirus. Based on theoretical grounds, experimental analysis of inter- and intra-isotype competition in IDAS and ACA, respectively, and a direct comparison of both tests, the IDAS was selected for the detection of IgG1 and IgG2 anti-rotavirus antibodies. The ACA was the test of choice for the detection of IgM and IgA anti-rotavirus antibodies. The isotype specificity of these tests relies on the specificity of the MCAs and was confirmed for each test by the observation that samples containing rotavirus antibodies of only 1 particular isotype reacted only in the homologous assay. The MCAs against bovine Ig isotypes and isotype-specific ELISAs were found to be very useful in the study of humoral mucosal immunity in calves infected with rotavirus.     

一种简便快速筛选双位点单克隆抗体方法的建立

本文建立了一种无需对单克隆抗体(McAb)进行纯化和酶标记,利用市售酶标记抗体既可筛选双位点McAb的简易方法。其基本原理是,首先将待筛选McAb与酶标抗体制成McAb-酶标抗体复合物,再以此复合物作示踪剂进行夹心ELISA。若夹心孔OD492值高于第一、二阴性对照孔之和者, 提示所筛选McAb可能为双位点抗体。文中还对应用该方法时的注意事项进行了讨论。     

HAb25肝癌单克隆抗体在人体中的导向定位作用及其血药动力学

以１３１Ⅰ标记肝癌单克隆抗体ＨＡｂ２５，观察其在肝癌患者体内的免疫定位作用及其血药动力学．５例原发性肝癌患者，经静脉平均注入１４８ＭＢｇ／１ｍｇ的１３１Ⅰ－ＨＡｂ２５，动态观察显示：定位显像４例为阳性，最佳时间为给药后７２ｈ，癌／肝比值第４８ｈ为２．０５±０．４２，第７２ｈ为３．７３±０．３４，第９６ｈ为２．７５±０．７２；１３１Ⅰ—ＨＡｂ２５的血清Ｔ１／２ａ为２６．２ｈ，Ｔ１／２Ｂ为４３．６ｈ，循环血液中的放射性主要存在于血浆中，静脉给药后２８ｈ内约有给予放射性总剂量的５０％由尿排出．本研究提示：ＨＡｂ２５在体内可特异性定位于肝癌组织，１３１Ⅰ－ＨＡｂ２５结合物在体内不稳定，有明显的脱碘现象。     

Monoclonal antibody NCRC 11 reactivity with advanced breast carcinoma: lack of prognostic value

In a retrospective investigation tissue sections from 63 patients with advanced breast carcinoma (T3 and T4) were stained with the NCRC 11 antibody. The NCRC 11 staining intensity was correlated to survival. We did not find any prognostic value of the NCRC 11 staining among our patients with advanced breast carcinoma.     

超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的荟萃分析

背景：超声疗法被推荐为治疗骨关节炎引起的疼痛和运动能力丧失的理疗方法之一。但其对于治疗骨关节疼痛的有效性在以往的各项研究中尚存在争议。 目的：分析研究超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的有效性。 方法：计算机检索PubMed、Ovid/Medline、Ovid/EMBASE、Cochrane数据库以及手工检索相关文献的参考文献。所有检索截止至2014年3月31日。收集国内外公开发表的有关超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎有效性的随机对照试验。 结果与结论：纳入Meta分析的研究共8个。8篇文献中6篇文献同时用了目测类比疼痛评分和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分评价超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的效果,1篇文献仅用了目测类比疼痛评分,1篇文献仅用了麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分,将此文献中的麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分数值转换成目测类比疼痛评分数值进行数据分析。累计研究对象570例。治疗组和对照组的目测类比疼痛评分(标准化均值差：-0.51;95%置信区间：-0.68,-0.33;P=0.05)组间差异有显著性意义。可见超声波疗法是治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的有效方法。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

Exercise and osteoarthritis

Exercise remains an extremely popular leisure time activity in many countries throughout the western world. It is widely promoted in the lay press as having salutory benefits for weight control, disease management advantages for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, in addition to improving psychological well-being amongst an array of other benefits. In contrast, however, the lay press and community perception is also that exercise is potentially deleterious to one's joints. The purpose of this review is to consider what osteoarthritis (OA) is and provide an overview of the epidemiology of OA focusing on validated risk factors for its development. In particular the role of both exercise and occupational activity in OA will be described as well as the role of exercise to the joints' tissues (particularly cartilage) and the role of exercise in disease management. Despite the common misconception that exercise is deleterious to one's joints, in the absence of joint injury there is no evidence to support this notion. Rather it would appear that exercise has positive salutory benefits for joint tissues in addition to its other health benefits.     

淋巴瘤的单克隆抗体治疗

 淋巴瘤的抗淋巴细胞表面抗原单克隆抗体（单抗）靶向治疗是近年肿瘤特异性免疫治疗研究中进展较快并取得较大成功的一个领域。其中抗B淋巴细胞（B细胞）表面CD20抗原的利妥昔单抗（rituximab，美罗华）用于人类治疗已有10年之久，是治疗各种B细胞淋巴瘤的关键药物之一。单抗对淋巴瘤有高度敏感性且毒副作用较小，现正用于成千上万的淋巴瘤患者。它对免疫系统的调理作用使得它也被应用于其他血液系统疾病（如血小板减少性紫癜和冷球蛋白血症）以及非血液系统疾病（如风湿性关节炎和其他自身免疫病）。但关于其使用的最佳治疗方案，以及是否要与其他治疗方法联合使用，还没有定论。本文对单抗治疗淋巴瘤的原理和临床治疗方案的研究现状做一综述。...