Effects of arterial compliance on geometry of the left ventricle in patients with pre-dialysis chronic renal failure]

AIM: To examine relationships between left ventricular geometry and general arterial compliance (GAC) in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF). 102 patients with predialysis CRF unrelated to diabetes mellitus (males 46, females 56, mean age 49.1 +/- 18.3 years). CRF was caused by chronic glomerulonephritis and essential hypertension (77.4%). 92 (90.2%) patients were hypertensive. Serum creatinin was 432.1 +/- 165.3 mcmol/l. GAC was defined as stroke volume/pulse arterial pressure. Echocardiography determined the index of the left ventricular myocardial mass (ILVMM), relative thickness of the left ventricular wall (RTW). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was diagnosed in 86 (84.3%) patients. In 64 patients it was concentric and in 22 patients--excentric). Multivariance regression analysis showed that systolic arterial pressure and anemia have a direct independent effect on ILVMM (p = 0.004). Independent inverse relationship was between GAC and RTW. Patients with concentric LVH had GAC lower than those with excentric LVH (p = 0.003). Reduction of GAC is an independent factor influencing the development of concentric LVH in patients with predialysis CRF.     

Effect of valsartan on erythropoietin and hemoglobin levels in stage III-IV chronic kidney disease patients

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) were accepted as a potential cause of inadequate epoetin response in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We aimed to determine the effects of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), on serum ertyhropoietin levels and on certain biochemical and haematological parameters in hypertensive CKD patients. Twenty-two stage III-IV CKD patients (mean age; 56.8 +/- 8.9 years, 12 male 10 female) were included in the study. Before initiating the treatment, current anti-hypertensive treatments (if any) were discontinued, and blood samples were collected after a washout period of 3 weeks. Valsartan 80 mg/day was started, and additional anti-hypertensive agents were given according to study protocol if needed. One way Anova and paired t-tests were used for statistical comparisons. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, potassium, haemoglobin and erythropoietin values were measured, and glomerular filtration rates were calculated before and 3, 6 and 90 days after valsartan treatment, a significant reduction in EPO level was observed at 3rd (19.6 +/- 24.0 vs. 13.8 +/- 8.5, p = 0.010), 6th (12.1 +/- 7.6, p = 0.009), and 90th days (8.3 +/- 5.4, p = 0.007). When pre-treatment values were compared with 90th day results, no significant change was observed in terms of hgb, htc, serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and GFR values. In conclusion, valsartan, an ARB, did not decrease haemoglobin levels in stage III-IV CKD patients despite significant reduction in serum erythropoietinlevels, so ARBs may be preferred to ACEIs in CKD patients when indicated.     

The role of major vessels remodeling in development of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with a predialysis stage of chronic renal failure

AIM: To study correlation between development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and remodeling of major arteries at a predialysis stage of chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 95 non-diabetic patients (48 males-51% and 47 females-49%) with stage I-III CRF entered the trial. A mean age of the patients was 46.7 years (95% CI 43.7-49.8 years). Glomerular filtration rate calculated by Cockrott-Gault formula was 37.7 ml/min (33.9-41.4 ml/min), blood creatinine level--2.9 mg/dl (2.6-3.2 mg/dl). Arterial hypertension (AH) was registered in 96% patients, smoking--in 40%, cardiovascular hereditary burden--in 54%, hyperlipidemia--in 66%, overweight--in 60%, anemia--in 34%, hyperphosphatemia--in 45%. Echocardiography, ultrasonic dopplerography of the common carotid arteries (CCA) and common femoral artery (CFA) were performed in 83 and 37 patients, respectively. RESULTS: LVH (LV myocardium mass index > 134 g/m2 for males and > 110 g/m2 for females) was detected in 37.3% patients. Concentric remodeling was recorded in 31.3%, concentric myocardial hypertrophy--in 19.1% patients, excentric hypertrophy--in 18.1%. Development of LVH was linked with age, high systolic and pulse blood pressure, marked renal dysfunction, anemia, elevated ESR and hyperphosphatemia. The presence of L VH correlated with increased thickness of intima-media complex (IMC) of CCA and CFA (r = 0.65, p < 0.01 and r = 0.51, p < 0.05, respectively). There was correlation between thickness of LV posterior wall and impairment of CCA elasticity (r = -0.42, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with initial and moderate disorders of renal function frequently have LVH related to conventional and "renal" risk factors. A LV mass increase and structural-functional changes of major vessels strongly correlate.     

Heart remodeling in patients with predialysis phase of chronic renal failure

AIM: To investigate remodeling of the heart in patients with predialysis phase of chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with predialysis phase of CRF (n = 61; serum creatinine 412.4 +/- 242.69 mumol/l), essential hypertension (EH) (n = 35) and healthy volunteers (n = 20) were assessed with echocardiography. The patients were not significantly different by the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age and gender. RESULTS: Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was increased in 53(86.9%) patients with CRF. LVMI was not different in patients with CRF and EH (189.9 +/- 71.35 vs. 165.0 +/- 41.83 g/m2; p = 0.3). Relative wall thickness was similar in patients with serum creatinine < 200 mumol/l and patients with more elevated serum creatinine (57.2 +/- 10.33 vs 58.31 +/- 13.33; p = 0.9). The ejection fraction lower than 50% was detected in 14(22.9%) patients with CRF. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LVMI was independently related to systolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and level of hemoglobin (p = 0.004). Diastolic dysfunction (early and atrial peak filling velocities ratio < 1.0) was detected in 13(50%) from 26 investigated patients with CRF. The independent influence of hemoglobin on isovolumic relaxation time (p = 0.04) and early and atrial peak filling velocities ratio (p = 0.02) are shown. CONCLUSION: In patients with predialysis phase of CRF left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is extremely common including patients with mildly elevated serum creatinine. The treatment of patients with renal pathology and normal function must include measures not only to correct renal process but also to prevent development of LVH.     

B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations predict the progression of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease: the Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Disease Study

BACKGROUND: Plasma concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of heart failure and are also increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the relevance of BNP and NT-proBNP as predictors of CKD progression. METHODS: Of 227 nondiabetic patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, 177 patients ages 18-65 years were followed in a prospective multicenter cohort study for a period of < or = 7 years. CKD progression was assessed by recording renal endpoints, defined as doubling of baseline serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: BNP and NT-proBNP were significantly higher among 65 patients who reached the combined renal endpoint than among the 112 who did not [median (interquartile range) 61 (27-98) ng/L vs 39 (20-70) ng/L, P = 0.023, for BNP; 320 (117-745) ng/L vs 84 (44-176) ng/L, P <0.001, for NT-proBNP)]. Each increment of 1 SD in log-transformed BNP and NT-proBNP increased the risk of CKD progression by hazard ratios of 1.38 (95% CI 1.09-1.76, P = 0.009) and 2.28 (1.76-2.95, P <0.001), respectively. After adjustment for other established prognostic factors of CKD progression, NT-proBNP but not BNP remained a significant independent predictor of the combined renal endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: Increased BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations indicate an increased risk for accelerated progression of CKD to ESRD and may prove to be valuable biomarkers for the assessment of prognosis in patients with CKD.     

慢性肾脏病3~5期患者冠状动脉钙化危险因素分析及其与铁代谢指标的相关性

目的探讨慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diseases,CKD)3~5期患者冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcification,CAC)的危险因素以及铁代谢指标与CAC相关性。方法纳入安徽医科大学第二附属医院CKD 3~5期患者162例,收集临床资料及实验室指标,检测血清铁、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、总铁结合力(total iron-binding capacity,TIBC),计算转铁蛋白饱和度(transferrin saturation,TSAT),铁蛋白>800μg/L和(或)TSAT>50%定义为铁超载。采用多层螺旋计算机断层扫描测定冠状动脉钙化积分(coronary artery calcification score,CACs),CACs>10为钙化组。分析CAC危险因素及其与铁代谢指标的相关性,探讨危险因素对CAC的预测价值。结果合并CAC的患者92例,占56.8%。转铁蛋白、TIBC与CACs负相关(r值分别为-0.293、-0.253,P值分别为<0.001、0.001)。二元Logistic回归分析显示高龄(OR=1.050,95%CI:1.013~1.088,P=0.007)、糖尿病(OR=4.712,95%:CI:1.445~15.371,P=0.010)、高中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte,NLR)(OR=1.253,95%CI:1.025~1.533,P=0.028)、高血磷(OR=3.981,95%CI:1.791~8.849,P=0.001)以及转铁蛋白水平降低(OR=0.130,95%CI:0.044~0.378,P<0.001)是CAC的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,年龄、糖尿病、NLR、血磷、转铁蛋白联合预测CAC的曲线下面积为0.828(95%CI 0.766~0.891,P<0.001),灵敏度为79.3%,特异度为75.7%。结论CKD3~5期患者CAC发生率较高,高龄、糖尿病、高磷血症、高NLR和血转铁蛋白水平减低是CAC的独立危险因素,以上危险因素的联合指标对CAC的发生有较好的预测价值。     

Prevalence, patterns of treatment, and control of hypertension in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

Background/Aims: Data on the prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. This study aimed to examine the above factors in a cohort of predialysis patients. Methods: During a period of 4 months, we recorded information on blood pressure (BP), comorbidities, medications and related parameters of patients followed up in the Low-Clearance Clinic of our Department. Control rates of hypertension were calculated at two thresholds: <130/80 and <140/90 mm Hg. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to assess factors associated with BP control. Results: In the population studied [n = 238, males 58.4%, age 66.21 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD), estimated glomerular filtration rate 14.5 ± 4.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2)], the prevalence of hypertension was 95.0%. Treatment rate among hypertensives was at 99.1%. On average, 3.04 ± 1.32 antihypertensive drugs were used, ranging from 1 to 7 agents. BP control rates at the <130/80 and <140/90 mm Hg thresholds were 26.5% and 48.2%, respectively. The systolic goal was achieved in 31.0% and 50.4%, whereas the diastolic goal was achieved in 67.7% and 91.2% of patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only black race was independently and inversely related with hypertension control (β = -0.187, p = 0.030). No specific antihypertensive class showed independent associations with control. Conclusions: Hypertension is highly prevalent in predialysis CKD patients. An almost universal treatment, employing a multi-agent regime, can help towards improved rates of control. Systolic BP is the main barrier to successful control and black race is associated with poorer control rates.     

223例慢性肾脏病患者胰岛素抵抗及其相关因素的研究

[目的]研究慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)与肾脏病临床指标的相关性.[方法]选择近6个月在我院住院的CKD患者465例,测定身高、体重、血压;检测血生化、IR相关指标和24 h尿蛋白定量,计算身高体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR),建立数据库.排除6个月内使用过糖皮质激素、有糖尿病及糖尿病家族史的患者,最终入选223例.通过稳态模型HOMA-IR指数评价患者1R,比较CKD各期IR发生率,应用多元回归分析研究CKD患者HOMA-IR指数升高的相关因素.[结果]CKD 4 ～5期患者IR发生率分别为44.44％和42.41％,显著高于CKD 1期患者(5.48％),P值均为0.000.在Pearson相关分析中,年龄(r=0.232,P=0.001)、BMI(r=0.227,P=0.002)、收缩压(r=0.343,P=0.000)、舒张压(r=0.293,P=0.000)、血尿酸(r=0.286,P=0.000)和甘油三酯(r=0.400,P=0.000)与HOMA-IR指数正相关,eGFR(r=-0.425,P=0.000)与该指数负相关,白蛋白(r=0.078,P=0.143)、总胆固醇(r=-0.006,P=0.937)和24h尿蛋白定量(r=0.002,P=0.177)与该指数无明显相关性.CKD 4 ～5期(B=0.512,P=0.000)、甘油三酯(B=0.089,P=0.006)、BMI(B=0.027,P=0.007)和高血压3级(B=0.444,P=0.030)最终进入多元回归方程.[结论]与CKD 1期相比,CKD 4～5期患者IR发生率显著升高.对于CKD患者,eGFR＜30 ml·min-1·(1.73m2)-1,血清甘油三酯升高、肥胖和高血压3级是IR的相关因素.     

拉萨维持性血液透析患者肾移植意愿调查研究

目的了解拉萨地区维持性血液透析患者的肾移植意愿及其影响因素。 方法选择2019年4月5日至2019年4月12日期间在西藏自治区人民医院血液净化中心进行维持性血液透析的患者102例参加的横断面调查。所使用的问卷是根据之前发表的文献进行编制，使用多元Logistic回归分析确定肾移植意愿的影响因素。 结果入选患者98例了解肾移植（96.1%），35例维持性透析患者有肾移植意愿（34.3%）。调整了混杂因素后，潜在受者的年龄的增长（比值比为0.9，95%CI：0.8~0.9，P<0.001）、已婚状态（比值比为0.1，95%CI：0~0.5，P=0.010）、糖尿病肾病（比值比为0，95%CI：0~0.2，P=0.001）均是肾移植意愿的负面影响因素，并发现41岁是肾移植意愿降低的一个关键转折点。较高的受教育程度（比值比为8.2，95%CI：2.9~22.7，P<0.001）是促进选择肾移植的因素。在职状态（比值比为3.1，95%CI：0.9~10.9，P=0.085，交互作用检验P=0.0133）可能是促进选择肾移植的因素。与肾小球肾炎患者相比，多囊肾患者（比值比为6.0，95%CI：1.0~35.9，P=0.050，交互作用检验P=0.0007）与肾病综合征患者（比值比为1.8，95%CI：0.4~8.4，P=0.485，交互作用检验P=0.0007）可能更愿意选择接受肾移植。 结论在拉萨地区的维持性血液透析患者中，除年龄的增长外，潜在受者对肾移植预后较为落后和偏差的认知是不愿意选择肾移植的重要原因。我们建议开发基于多学科和新媒体的标准化、患者可理解、和基于循证的CKD患者肾脏替代治疗信息系统，以促进西藏CKD患者获得正确的各种肾脏替代治疗预后的信息，以便促进患者能够做出获益更大的治疗决定。     

Cardiac troponins and renal function in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Serum cardiac troponin concentrations are commonly increased in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the absence of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The data on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are more variable than those for cardiac troponin T (cTnT). There is little information on cardiac troponin concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have not commenced dialysis. METHODS: We studied 222 patients: 56 had stage 3 (moderate CKD); 70 stage 4 (severe CKD); and 96 stage 5 (kidney failure). Patients underwent echocardiography and were followed prospectively for a median of 19 months; all-cause mortality was recorded. RESULTS: Overall, serum cTnT was increased above the 99th percentile reference limit in 43% of all CKD patients studied, compared with 18% for cTnI. Serum cTnT and cTnI concentrations were more commonly increased in the presence of more severe CKD (11 and 6 patients in stage 3, 27 and 8 in stage 4, and 57 and 24 in stage 5 (P < 0.0001 and <0.02, respectively). Among 38 patients with detectable cTnI, 32 had detectable cTnT (r(s) = 0.67; P < 0.0001). There was evidence that decreasing estimated glomerular filtration rate increased the odds of having detectable cTnT (P < 0.001) but not cTnI (P = 0.128). There was no evidence to support an adjusted association of detectable cardiac troponins with increasing left ventricular mass index. Increased cTnT (P = 0.0097), but not cTnI, was associated with decreased survival. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cTnT and cTnI concentrations are relatively common in predialysis CKD patients, in the absence of an ACS, including among those with stage 3 disease. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy alone does not explain these data. Detectable cTnT was a marker of decreased survival.     

Assessment for chronic kidney disease service in high-risk patients at community health clinics

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses significant public health concerns. Early identification and interventions can help prevent or slow progression to end-stage renal disease. OBJECTIVE: To characterize CKD in high-risk indigent patients in a primary care setting and evaluate opportunities for pharmacists to work collaboratively with physicians to improve medication use and CKD patient outcomes. METHODS: Medical records of 200 patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension were reviewed by the clinical pharmacist. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance [Cl(cr)]) and urinalysis were used to identify and stage CKD according to published guidelines. Glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations and blood pressures were recorded. The pharmacist evaluated medications for possible drug-related problems (DRPs), made therapeutic recommendations, and evaluated the acceptance rate by physicians. RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients met inclusion criteria, and a total of 68.9% met CKD criteria: stage 1, 16.0%; stage 2, 20.2%; stage 3, 25.2%; stage 4, 1.7%; stage 5, 0.8%; and not stageable, 5.0%. A total of 381 DRPs were identified, averaging 3.2 (1.7) per patient (range 0-11). The number of DRPs correlated with Cl(cr) (r = -0.25; p = 0.007). Therapeutic recommendations included change of drug, dose and/or interval adjustment of the current drug, discontinuation of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, additional laboratory monitoring, meeting goal blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin, adding renoprotective drug and/or low-dose aspirin, and nephrologist referral. Fewer than half (40.9%) of the recommendations were accepted or accepted with modifications, and an approximately equal percentage were not accepted by the physicians. CONCLUSIONS: CKD prevalence was high among the patients evaluated here. New guidelines are available to assist in managing CKD ambulatory patients. Pharmacist collaboration with physicians may optimize CKD screening in high-risk patients and improve medication usage.     

早期慢性肾脏疾病患者左室肥厚及其相关因素分析

目的探讨早期慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者左室肥厚(LVH)及其相关因素.方法:回顾性分析110例肾功能稳定的早期CKD患者LVH发生率及其与血压、血红蛋白(Hb)、肾功能、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)等临床资料的关系.结果(1)LVH在CKD早期即已存在,随着内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)的下降,左室质量指数(LVMI)逐渐增加,LVH发生率逐渐增高;(2)与非LVH组相比,LVH组收缩压(SBp)(P＜0.01)、舒张压(DBp)(P＜0.05)、血肌酐(Scr)(P＜0.01)和血尿酸(UA)(P＜0.01)水平显著增高,Hb和Ccr水平显著低下(P均＜0.01);(3)单因素相关分析显示LVMI与SBp、DBp、Scr、UA成显著正相关(r值分别为0.465,0.385,0.599,0.482;P均＜0.01),而与Hb、Ccr成显著负相关(r值分别为-0.561,-0.465;P均＜0.01).多因素逐步回归分析显示DBp、Hb、UA进入回归方程,所得回归方程为y=1.887x1-0.158x1 0.123x3 61.355(y=LVMI;x1=DBP;x2=UA;x3=Hb;66.169为常数).结论LVH在CKD早期即已存在,且随着肾功能减退更加明显,其发生与高血压、贫血、高尿酸血症等因素相关.     

Impact of day-to-day arterial pressure variability on the left ventricle geometry in patients with predialysis chronic kidney insufficiency

AIM: To estimate the impact of day-to-day variability of blood pressure (BP) on left ventricular geometry in pre-dialysis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We estimate the impact of day-to-day variability of BP on left ventricular geometry in 42 non-diabetic pre-dialysis patients (22 F, 20 M, mean age 47 +/- 12 years) with arterial hypertension (> 140 and 90 mm Hg). Serum creatinine was 286.2 +/- 176.8 micromol/l. BP was measured in the morning during 12 days and M +/- SD and delta systolic blood pressure (dSBP = SBPmax - SBPmin) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed and left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness (RWT) was estimated. RESULTS: LVH was detected in 35(83.3%) patients. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that mean SBP is a stronger predictor of LVH than clinical SBP (R2 = 0.59; p = 0.000001 and R2 = 0.35; p = 0.0007, resp.). Standard deviation of mean SBP correlated with RWT (R2 = 0.30; p = 0.006). dSBP > 30 mmHg was associated with an increase of RWT. CONCLUSION: Mean SBP during 12 days is a stronger predictor of LVH than clinical SBP. Day-to-day variability of SBP with dSBP > 30 mm Hg was associated with development of concentric LVH.     

Risk factors associated with coronary artery calcification should be examined before kidney transplantation

The best treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is kidney transplantation, but the renal transplant recipients still have a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared with general population. Cardiovascular risk factors were imposed long before ESRD, as the majority of patients starting dialysis or kidney transplantation already have signs of advanced atherosclerosis. Artery calcification is an organized, regulated process similar to bone formation. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is found frequently in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and could be a useful marker of them. We evaluated the prevalence of CAC in 49 stable renal transplant recipients and in 48 age- and gender-matched patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in stages 2-5 not requiring dialysis to assess risk factors associated with CAC. Computed tomography was used for CAC detection and quantification (CAC score). The prevalence of CAC was 43.8% in transplant recipients and 16.7% in CKD patients (p < 0.001). Transplant recipients with CAC were significantly older and had longer duration of CKD and/or dialysis than recipients without CAC. In contrast, the serum levels of fetuin A (an inhibitor of vascular calcification) and albumin were significantly lower in CKD patients with CAC than those without CAC. During the observation period (30 months), 30 patients, including 23 CKD patients, began dialysis, and 4 transplant recipients and 2 CKD patients died. Independent predictors of mortality were age, serum amyloid A and the CAC score. In conclusion, the examination and prevention of risk factors associated with atherosclerosis should be started at the beginning of renal failure.     

The effect of different treatment strategies on left ventricular myocardial deformation parameters in patients with chronic renal failure

The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular (LV) functions by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in various stages and under different renal replacement treatments in order to evaluate possible differences between them. This prospective study included 150 patients with CKD. Renal transplantation patients with glomerular filtration rate greater than 60 ml/min/1.73 m², patients receiving hemodialysis three times a week, and patients in the predialysis stage with glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/dk/1.73 m² were assigned into Group 1 (n?=?50), Group 2 (n?=?50), and Group 3 (n?=?50), respectively. LV longitudinal, circumferential, and radial myocardial deformation parameters (strain, strain rate [SR], rotation, twist) were evaluated by STE. Peak systolic longitudinal strain was higher in the transplantation group than the hemodialysis group (??19.93?±?3.50 vs???17.47?±?3.28%, p?<?0.017). Peak systolic circumferential strain was lower in the hemodialysis group (??20.97?±?4.90%) than Groups 1 and 3 (??25.87?±?4.20 and ??24.74?±?4.55%, respectively, p?<?0.001). Peak systolic radial SR was higher in the transplantation group than the hemodialysis group (1.84?±?0.52 vs 1.55?±?0.52 s^?1, respectively, p?<?0.017). Other longitudinal and circumferential deformation parameters together with peak early diastolic radial SR and twist were also significantly different between the groups. Strain, SR, and twist values were mostly lower in the hemodialysis patients, but generally higher in the transplantation patients. LV functions evaluated by STE are better in the renal transplantation patients than the hemodialysis patients and than those in the predialysis stage. This may indicate beneficial effects of renal transplantation on cardiac functions.     

Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with a stronger impairment of non-oxidative glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients

Abstract. Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have a higher degree of hyper-insulinaemia than hypertensive patients without LVH. Obese patients with LVH have also been demonstrated to have a very low glucose disappearance rate after an intravenous glucose bolus. No studies have investigated the difference in insulin action and substrate oxidation in hypertensive patients with and without LVH. For this reason 36 subjects were enrolled for our study: (1) healthy control subjects ( n =10); (2) hypertensive patients without LVH ( n = 12); and (3) hypertensive patients with LVH ( n = 14). All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g of glucose) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (insulin infusion rate, 71 pmol(kgmin)^-1 for 120min). In this latter test indirect calorimetry allowed substrate oxidation determination. Echocardiographic methods allowed LVH assessment. Hypertensive patients with LVH had the lowest insulin-mediated nonoxidative glucose metabolism compared to hypertensive patients without LVH ( P <0.01) and to healthy subjects ( P < 0.001). In the whole group of hypertensive patients ( n = 26), partial correlations showed left ventricular mass index (LVMI) associated with fasting plasma insulin levels ( r = 0.44 P <0.005), insulin-mediated whole body glucose disposal ( r = -0.41 P <0.01) and nonoxidative glucose metabolism ( r = -0.33 P<0.04) independently of age, body weight, systolic blood pressure and plasma catechola-mines levels. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that LVH in hypertensive patients is associated with a worsening in nonoxidative glucose metabolism.     

中晚期慢性肾脏病患者冠状动脉钙化的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨中晚期慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者冠状动脉钙化的发生情况及影响因素.方法对上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院的130例CKD 3～5期患者进行冠脉多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography,MSCT)检查,测定冠脉钙化分数(calcification score,CaS),收集患者的临床资料和相关生化检查指标,分析冠脉钙化的发生情况及其影响因素.结果中晚期CKD患者冠脉钙化发生率较高(74/130,56.9%),腹膜透析[143.9(0,662.9)]和血液透析[393.8(1.8,1491.0)]患者的冠脉CaS显著高于非透析患者[0(0,231.53)](P＜0.01＝.根据冠脉CaS是否为0分组后发现,有冠脉钙化组的年龄、既往心血管疾病发生率、糖尿病发生率、透析龄、空腹血糖、钙磷乘积和高敏C反应蛋白 (high sensitive c-reactive protein,hsCRP)水平较无冠脉钙化组显著增高(P＜0.05＝.单因素相关分析显示冠脉CaS与患者的年龄(r=0.352,P＜0.01＝、空腹血糖( r=0.217,P＜0.05＝、透析龄(r= 0.472,P＜0.01＝、钙磷乘积(r=0.183,P ＜0.05＝和hsCRP(r=0.365,P＜0.01＝呈正相关.逐步多元线性回归分析显示年龄、透析龄和hsCRP水平是影响中晚期CKD患者冠脉钙化评分水平的独立危险因素( P＜0.05＝.结论中晚期CKD患者,特别是透析人群冠脉钙化发生率较高.年龄、透析龄和hsCRP水平与中晚期CKD 患者冠脉钙化发生密切相关.     

Association of depression and anxiety with reduced quality of life in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease

Aim: Although depression and anxiety are the most common psychological problems among dialysis patients, little is known about the association between depression, anxiety and quality of life (QOL) in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their association with QOL in patients with predialysis CKD. Methods: Two hundred and eight predialysis patients (male 61.1%) with a mean age of 55.7 ± 13.7 years and an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² were enrolled. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Patients with anxiety and depression scores ≥ 8 were diagnosed with anxiety and depression disorders respectively. The WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaire was used to assess patient QOL. Results: The prevalence of depression (47.1%) and anxiety (27.6%) did not differ across CKD stages. Depression correlated positively with age, employment, income, education, comorbidity index, haemoglobin level, albumin concentration and anxiety score, and negatively with all WHOQOL‐BREF domain scores. Anxiety correlated significantly with QOL, but not with socioeconomic factors. In a multiple regression analysis, haemoglobin level, anxiety and QOL were independent factors associated with depression. In a linear regression analysis, depression and anxiety independently correlated with QOL after we adjusted for age, alcohol use, employment, income, education, haemoglobin level and albumin concentration. Conclusions: Patients with predialysis CKD have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety, which are associated with reduced QOL. Early detection of depression and anxiety and active interventions should be considered to improve the QOL of these patients.     

CRP、IL-18在慢性肾脏病患者中的表达及与CKD-MBD进展的关系

目的研究微炎症状态标志物C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-18在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中的表达及与慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨异常(CKD-MBD)进展的关系。方法将该院2016年1月至2019年6月收治的113例CKD患者纳为研究对象,根据美国肾脏病基金会(NKF-K/DOQI)相关标准,将其分为CKD1~2期组(22例)、CKD3期组(46例)、CKD4期组(30例)及CKD5期组(15例)。统计各组患者CKD-MBD发生率,检测患者血清CRP、IL-18及血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,分析不同分期患者血清CRP、IL-18水平与Ca、P、PHT的相关性。结果113例CKD患者中共59例发生CKD-MBD(52.21%),CKD-MBD发生率在CKD1~2、CKD3、CKD4、CKD5期组间呈依次上升趋势。血清CRP、IL-18水平在CKD1~2、CKD3、CKD4、CKD5期组间呈依次上升趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CKD3、CKD4、CKD5期组Ca水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但3组Ca水平均明显高于CKD1~2期组(P<0.05),血清P及PTH水平在CKD1~2、CKD3、CKD4、CKD5期组间均呈依次上升趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析提示,CKD5期组患者血清CRP、IL-18水平与血清Ca呈负相关(r=-0.372、-0.369,P<0.05),与血清P及PTH呈正相关(r=0.421、0.253,0.433、0.272;P<0.05)。结论CKD患者CKD-MBD发生率较高,其微炎症状态与CKD-MBD密切相关,两者可能通过相互作用促进CKD发展。     

慢性肾脏病患者血红蛋白变异度与肾功能进展关系的临床研究

目的评价在肾内科门诊规律随访的慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者的肾脏功能进展情况,及与血红蛋白变异度的相关情况。方法采用前瞻性队列研究设计,收集慢性肾脏病患者规律随访,定期抽取血样标本检测血红蛋白、肾功能等指标,建立数据库并应用统计软件对观察结果进行分析。结果共纳入197例患者,其中CKD 2期11例,3期125例,4期54例,5期7例。进入队列时基线年龄为62.3±10.6岁,基线肾小球滤过率(eGFR)为33.3±10.2 ml/(min·1.73 m2),随访18个月,72例(36.5%)患者的肾功能发生进展,与肾功能稳定组相比,肾功能进展组的血红蛋白变异度指标较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论慢性肾脏病患者的血红蛋白的变异度水平与肾功能进展有关,应对患者的血红蛋白波动增加关注。