铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响

目的　了解铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响。方法　选择暴露于铅作业环境下的人群 ,了解工人作业工龄 ,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其作业环境中铅浓度 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人血铅 (PbB)浓度 ,用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)浓度 ,用放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素 (TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4 (FT4 ) 5项甲状腺功能指标。结果　血铅 >2 .88μmol/L时 ,T3[(1 .54± 0 .39)nmol/L]、FT3[(5 .50± 1 .2 6)pmol/L]含量明显低于血铅 (1 .92～ 2 .88) μmol/L组 [T3(1 .71± 0 .45)nmol/L、FT3(6 .1 2± 1 .64)pmol/L] ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)。铅作业工龄长短对甲状腺激素 (TH)含量未见明显影响。结论　高浓度血铅可能抑制了T4 的脱碘 ;铅作业工龄对甲状腺功能未见明显影响     

铝电解工神经行为、自主神经功能的改变

为探讨职业性铝接触对作业工人神经系统功能的损害 ,采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为测试组合 (NCTB)以及EwingDJ推荐的自主神经功能测试组合对铝厂电解车间 3 2名工人和 3 4名无职业性接触的面粉厂扛包工进行测试。结果表明 :铝电解工人的消极情感困惑 -迷茫和紧张 -焦虑的得分较对照组明显增加 ;而愤怒 -敌意、忧郁 -沮丧、疲惫 -惰性和有力 -好动的得分没有明显改变。数字译码数和目标追踪的打点数比对照组降低 ,而数字广度、提转捷度和视觉保留时的得分两组未见显著性差异。自主神经功能测试中反映副交感神经调节功能的R R间隔的变化能力降低。提示电解接触铝对作业工人的情感状态、神经行为和副交感神经的调节功能均产生了明显的负面影响     

医学院女大学生自主神经系统功能状况及其影响因素分析

目的通过对医学院女大学生心率变异性的测量,了解其自主神经系统功能状况,分析其影响因素,为改善女大学生自主神经功能,促进其身心健康提供科学依据。方法 2015年6-10月选取422名吉林省某综合大学医学院女大学生为研究对象,采取自填式问卷方法,对其心率变异性进行测查。结果医学院女大学生自主神经系统活性偏低的检出率为37.0%,自主神经系统均衡性异常的检出率为71.1%;多因素Logistic回归结果显示,压力大和睡眠质量差分别是医学院女大学生自主神经系统活性和自主神经系统均衡性的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医学院女大学生自主神经功能异常问题突出,应及时采取缓解压力、改善睡眠质量、加强体育锻炼等措施提高自主神经功能,促进女大学生身心健康。     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者植物神经功能的昼夜周期改变

目的 研究甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者植物神经功能的昼夜周期改变.方法 记录33例初发甲亢患者(甲亢组)和35例健康体检者(对照组)的24 h动态心电图,并通过心率变异性的时域和频域分析来评价心脏植物神经功能状态.结果 甲亢组所有NN间期的标准差(SDNN);以5 min为间隔将24 h连续记录分为288段,先计算每段的平均NN间期,然后计算288个NN间期平均值的标准差(SDANN);以5 min为间隔将24 h连续记录分为288段,先计算每段的NN间期标准差,然后计算288个NN间期标准差的平均值(ASDNN);所有相邻NN间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)显著低于对照组[(82.3±29.0)ms比(139.4±40.2)ms;(75.0±27.4)ms比(130.3±43.9)ms;(29.9±14.9)ms比(57.3±14.4)ms;(19.8±10.9)ms比(29.5±9.4)ms](P＜0.01或＜0.05).甲亢组总功率(TP)、高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)和极低频功率(VLF)显著低于对照组[(566.1±573.2)ms2/Hz比(1894.2±984.3)ms2/Hz、(68.1±88.9)ms2/Hz比(232.7±155.5)ms2/Hz、(127.4±163.0)ms2/Hz比(551.3±390.6)ms2/Hz、(330.3±300.6)ms2/Hz比(1073.2±570.2)ms2/Hz](P＜0.01).短时频域分析甲亢组VLF在全天大多数时间均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),LF主要在白天显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),HF在全天散在时间高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组LF/HF在全天绝大多数时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 甲亢患者心脏变时性低,交感神经张力在全天均增高,而迷走神经张力虽有相应增高,但以白天增高为主,夜间接近正常水平.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the circadian change of autonomic nervous system in hyperthyroidism (HT) patients. Methods Recording 24 h dynamic electrocardiography from 33 HT patients( HT group) and 35 controls (control group). The cardiac autonomic nervous function was evaluated by the time domain and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability( HRV). Results Comparing with control group, the SDNN, SDANN, ASDNN and rMSSD were significantly lower in HT group[ (82.3 ± 29.0)ms vs. (139.4±40.2 ) ms, ( 75.0 ± 27.4) ms vs. ( 130.3 ± 43.9) ms, (29.9 ± 14.9 ) ms vs. (57.3 ± 14.4) ms,( 19.8 ± 10.9 ) ms vs. (29.5 ± 9.4) ms ] (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ), the long term total power (TP), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) were significantly lower in HT group [ (566.1±573.2) ms2/Hz vs. ( 1894.2 ± 984.3)ms2/Hz, (68.1 ± 88.9 ) ms2/Hz vs. (232.7 ± 155.5 ) ms2/Hz, ( 127.4 ±163.0) ms2/Hz vs. (551.3 ± 390.6) ms2/Hz, (330.3 ± 300.6) ms2/Hz vs. (1073.2 ± 570.2) ms2/Hz] (P ＜0.01 ). Comparing with control group, short term VLF was higher in HT group during most time in 24 hours (P＜ 0.05 ). Short term LF was higher in HT group mainly in day time (P＜ 0.05 ). Short term HF was higher in HT group occasionally in the whole day (P＜0.05). Short term LF/HF didn't show significant difference between HT group and control group at most time points (P＞0.05).Conclusion In HT patients, cardiac chronotropic property is impaired, sympathetic activity increases in whole day, vagal activity increases correspondently but the increase in day is more marked than that in night.     

Thyroid function in lead smelter workers: absence of subacute or cumulative effects with moderate lead burdens

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low to moderate occupational lead exposure on thyroid function we conducted a cross-sectional study of 151 male lead smelter workers. Methods: Parameters of thyroid function were assessed in relation to both subacute and cumulative lead exposure over a 10-year employment period. Blood lead levels, obtained from plant surveillance records, were used to establish four ordinal levels of current and cumulative exposure (<15, 15–24, 25–39, and ≥40 μ g/dl). Results: Mean values for the lowest as compared with the highest current exposure group were similar for thyroxine (T₄: 6.8 versus 6.1 μ g/dl), estimated free thyroxine (EFT₄: 1.6 ng/dl in both groups), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH: 1.8 versus 1.7 mIU/l); there was no evidence of a significant trend for diminished thyroid function associated with increasing current lead exposure. Similarly, no significant difference was observed for T₄, EFT₄, or TSH in relation to the 10-year cumulative exposure or for adjusted analyses controlling for potential confounders, including age and alcohol use. Conclusion: In contrast to studies observing thyroid dysfunction in the setting of high lead exposure and related clinical poisoning, our findings weigh against a significant physiologic effect on thyroid function at lower levels (<60 μ g/dl) of occupational lead exposure. Received: 3 August 1997 / Accepted: 8 July 1998     

Assessment of the peripheral, central, and autonomic nervous system function in styrene workers.

To investigate the effects of styrene exposure on peripheral, central, and autonomic nervous system functions in man, we measured the distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV), short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and variability in electrocardiographic R-R interval (CVRR) as well as conventional sensory and motor median nerve conduction velocities (SCV and MCV) in eleven styrene-exposed workers. The styrene workers' urinary phenylglyoxylic acid levels ranged from 31 to 419 (mean 169) mg/g creatinine at the end of the work shift on the examination day (estimated exposure to styrene of 22 ppm in air). Control subjects, matched to each styrene worker by sex and age, were selected from healthy adults without cardiovascular, neurologic and other potentially confounding disorders. In the styrene workers, we found that the V80 velocity of the DCV, below which 80% of active nerve fibers lie, and the SCV were both significantly slowed; the CVRR was also significantly reduced. There were no significant differences in SSEP latencies, MCV, or heart rate between the exposed workers and controls. These data, despite the small sample size, suggest that styrene affects the faster myelinated fibers of the peripheral sensory nerves, and that it also affects autonomic nervous activity.     

Effects of occupational use of vibrating tools in the autonomic, central and peripheral nervous system

Objectives:The objective of this study was to clarify the autonomic, central and peripheral nervous effects of vibrating-tool operation. Methods: The ECG R-R interval variability (CV_RR), including the C-CV_HF, C-CV_LF (two component CVs of the CV_RR reflecting parasympathetic and sympathetic activities, respectively) and the power spectral densities (PSD_HF and PSD_LF) after autoregressive analysis, short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV), and median and radial nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were measured in 17 vibrating-tool operators and the same number of age-matched control subjects. Some of the operators complained of white finger even in summer as soon as they arrived at the cold workplace. Design: The significance of the differences in neurophysiological data between the exposed and unexposed groups and the associations between these data in the former were investigated. Results: The CV_RR, C-CV_HF and PSD_HF were significantly lower in the vibrating-tool operators than in the matched controls. The N9–N13 interpeak latency of the SSEP, i.e., conduction time of the cervico-spinobulbar pathway, in the operators was significantly prolonged as compared with the controls; the faster velocities of the DCV and the NCVs were significantly slowed in the operators. The N9–N13 interpeak latency in the operators was significantly correlated with the C-CV_HF. Conclusion: Complex stressors of local vibration, cold, noise and heavy work, seem to affect the cervico-spinobulbar, parasympathetic and peripheral nerve functions. Also, parasympathetic hypofunction may imply a consequence in brainstem pathology induced by cold exposure in addition to vibration. Received: 2 July 1996 / Accepted: 17 January 1997     

氟硒对大鼠甲状腺组织及功能的影响

观察了饮用高氟水及加硒大鼠的甲状腺组织结构和甲状腺激素变化。结果表明，早期甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增生活跃、游离甲状腺激素水平显著升高；后期甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞出现退行性变，ＦＴ３和Ｔ４水平明显降低；补硒与甲状腺激素水平有一定关系。提示高氟在早期使甲状腺兴奋，甲功高度代偿，后期则抑制甲状腺使甲功低下；氟与甲状腺组织及功能的改变与摄氟时间密切相关。     

Effect of lead on cardiac parasympathetic function

Summary A cross-sectional survey was performed on 172 male, lead exposed workers to clarify the effects of lead on the cardiac autonomic nervous system expressed as the decrease of R-R interval variation on an electrocardiogram and to obviate the dose-effect relationship between blood-lead level (Pb-B) and the degree of the decrease. For 132 workers who were exposed to lead for more than one year and whose Pb-B levels were relatively stable (Pb-B variation less than 20 g/dl during recent one year), a significant dose-related decrease of R-R interval variation during deep breathing was observed. Age-adjusted R-R interval variation during deep breathing in those whose Pb-B were 30 g/dl or above was significantly decreased compared with those whose Pb-B levels were 20 g/dl or below. This decrease was observed more clearly in younger workers. These results suggest that an effect on autonomic nervous system expressed as decrease of R-R interval variation during deep breathing might be one of the earliest effects of lead exposure.     

南京市1854名放射工作人员甲状腺功能分析

目的通过对放射工作人员血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、甲状腺素（讯）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）检查结果的分析,了解放射工作人员甲状腺功能情况,以便改进防护措施,减少电离辐射损伤,为保障放射工作人员的健康提供依据。方法选择南京市2012年共1854名放射工作人员甲状腺功能检查结果,按性别、年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒和在岗状况分组后进行比较分析。结果TT3水平女性低于男性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而TSH水平女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。TT3、TT4随着工龄、饮酒和岗位状况的变化呈下降趋势,而TSH呈上升趋势,其他分组无明显变化规律。结论长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员甲状腺功能有一定影响,同时生活中不良嗜好也可能对甲状腺功能产生一定的影响,应该进一步加强放射防护措施,并且改变不良的生活方式。     

青春发育与女性甲状腺形态及功能状况的关联研究

目的 探讨不同青春发育分期对女性甲状腺形态及功能状况的影响。方法 2017年10-11月,采用分阶段整群抽样的方法,分别在上海市闵行区、江苏省海门市、浙江省玉环市、浙江省德清县各选定1所初中,将4所初中所有初一年级女生共491名纳入研究。对研究对象进行甲状腺B超检查、体格检查以及尿碘、甲状腺激素水平检测;采用《青春发育事件自我评定量表》（PDS）评价青春发育分期;采用多重线性回归模型及多因素logistic回归模型分析不同青春发育分期对甲状腺容积及激素水平的影响。结果 不同青春发育阶段女性的甲状腺状况存在差异。甲状腺容积大小、结节检出率及FT4水平均表现为青春期前期 < 青春发动期 < 青春期后期（P<0.05）;TT3及FT3水平表现为青春期前期 > 青春发动期 > 青春期后期（P<0.001）;TSH及TT4水平不受青春发育分期的影响（P>0.05）。多重线性回归分析及多因素logistic回归分析结果一致,青春发育与TT3和FT3水平呈负相关。PDS总分每增加1分,TT3和FT3水平在模型1中分别减少0.067 nmol/L和0.170 nmol/L,在模型2中分别减少0.065 nmol/L和0.162 nmol/L;相较于青春期前期者,青春期后期者具有较低的TT3和FT3水平（模型1：OR=0.337,95% CI：0.173～0.658;OR=0.283,95% CI：0.144～0.557;模型2：OR=0.306,95% CI：0.155～0.605;OR=0.263,95% CI：0.132～0.524）。结论 青春发育与女性甲状腺形态及功能状况存在关联。青春发育越成熟,甲状腺容积越大,结节越易发生,TT3及FT3水平越低。     

铅接触工人自律神经系统功能的研究

为了探讨长期低浓度铅接触对自律神经系统功能的影响，对蓄电池厂和工业陶瓷厂铅接触工人进行了自律神经系统功能心电图测试和问卷调查，以公司白领人员为对照组。结果未能显示铅接触与自律神经功能下降有直接关系（Ｐ＞０．０５），反之提示年龄增长是影响自律神经功能的重要因素（Ｐ＜０．０１），问卷调查铅接触组自律神经功能失调症状发生率差异没有显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因此根据本研究结果尚不能认为长期低浓度铅接触对自律神经功能有显著影响。本研究对探讨重金属对自律神经系统的影响进行了有益的尝试。     

Central nervous system effects and visual fatigue in VDT workers

Summary To assess central nervous system effects and visual fatigue induced by work with visual display terminals (VDT), symptom frequency was assessed and visual evoked potential (VEP), critical flicker fusion (CFF) and near-point distance were measured in 24 female keypunchers before and after 2.5 h of VDT work and in 6 non-VDT-exposed subjects at the same intervals. Each keypuncher had been engaged in data entry for 1–7 (mean, 4) years. After VDT work, the number of complaints of subjective fatigue as well as an objective measure of near-point distance were significantly increased as compared with those before work; also, the N75, P100 and N145 latencies of VEP were significantly prolonged. The change of P100 latency during VDT work was inversely correlated with the number of years worked in data entry. No significant change was seen in any of these tests in the non-VDT-exposed subjects. The changes in N75 latency and subjective fatigue related to drowsiness and dullness in the keypunchers were significantly larger than those in the non-VDT-exposed subjects. The CFF was significantly lower in keypunchers than in non-VDT-exposed subjects in both the first and the second tests. These data suggest that VDT work is associated with impairment of the visual nervous system function, that VEP latencies appear to be a sensitive indicator of visual fatigue, at least transiently, and that CFF appears to be a good parameter for estimations of chronic visual fatigue.     

铅对大鼠脑组织神经生长因子表达的影响及甲状腺激素的调节作用

目的　研究醋酸铅对大鼠脑组织神经生长因子 (NGF)表达的影响及甲状腺激素的调节作用。方法　对SD大鼠用 2 5、5 0、10 0mg/kg体重的醋酸铅腹腔注射 ;用丙基硫氧嘧啶 (PTU)制作甲状腺机能减退大鼠模型 ,再给予 5 0mg/kg体重的醋酸铅 ,分别以免疫组化测定脑组织中NGF蛋白的表达。以放射免疫方法测定血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )、甲状腺素 (T4)、促甲状腺激素 (TSH)的含量及脑组织中T3 、T4的含量。结果　中、高剂量组皮层组织NGF平均灰度 (180 .4 9± 10 .33、16 9.72±19 .75 )与对照组 (2 0 0 .75± 3.2 7)相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;各剂量组海马组织NGF面密度 (0 .0 8± 0 .14、0 .12± 0 .0 2、0 .13± 0 .0 4 )与对照组 (0 .0 2 5± 0 .0 15 )相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。甲状腺机能减退后再用醋酸铅处理 ,皮层、海马组织NGF面密度和平均灰度未见明显改变。各剂量染铅组大鼠血清中T3 [(0 .6 8± 0 .0 2 )、(0 .5 7± 0 .0 4 )、(0 .5 4± 0 .0 2 ) μg/L]和T4[(2 8.30± 1.83)、(2 7.35± 2 .5 5 )、(2 4 .0 0± 3.0 1) μg/L]含量明显下降 ,而TSH[(6 .34± 1.13)、(7.74± 0 .79)、(9.16± 0 .77)IU]增高 ,与对照组T3 [(0 .97± 0 .14 ) μg/L]、T4[(5 4 .5 0± 3.70 ) μg/L]和TSH     

Assessment of autonomic nervous activity in hand-arm vibration syndrome patients using time- and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variation

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to non-invasively assess autonomic nervous activity, using time- and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variation (HRV), and to investigate the relationship between indices of HRV and duration of exposure to vibration (DEV), time since retirement from work involving vibration (TR) and time undergoing treatment (TT) in a group of patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Subjects and methods: Twenty one HAVS patients who were no longer exposed to vibration and were undergoing standard treatment for HAVS, and 10 healthy control subjects, similar to the patients in age, height, weight and number of current smokers and drinkers, volunteered for this study. Indices of HRV [time-domain indices (the mean of R-R intervals, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) and normalized units of frequency-domain indices [low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components], indicating parasympathetic nervous activity, were calculated from 2 min electrocardiographic data recorded during spontaneous breathing by subjects in supine rest. Results: The LF and HF components of the patients were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls (P < 0.05). When Pearson correlation analysis was applied for the patient group, using indices of HRV with age, weight, height, DEV, TR and TT, the LF components positively related to TR and TT (P < 0.01). The patients were thus divided into three groups as follows, according to TR: group A (≤1 year), group B (>1 to <5 years) and group C (≥5 to ≤10  years), or according to TT: group X (≤1 year), group Y (>1 to <5 years) and group Z (≥5 to ≤10  years). The LF components of the groups A and X were significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The HF components of the groups A and X were also significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity in the HAVS patients in comparison to the healthy controls. The TT and TR significantly influenced the HRV results in these patients; however, the DEV did not. The findings also indicate that treatment and cessation of exposure to vibration might have a beneficial effect on the cardiac parasympathetic activity in HAVS patients. Received: 18 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 June 1999     

The effect of long-term low-dose lead exposure on thyroid function in adolescents

This study investigated blood lead (Pb-B) levels and Pb-B effects on thyroid functions in long-term low-level-lead-exposed male adolescents who work as auto repairers. Pb-B and ALAD index (logarithm of activated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase/nonactivated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) were measured as indicators of exposure to lead. Thyroid function tests including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were conducted and thyroid ultrasounds were performed in 42 lead-exposed adolescents and 55 healthy control subjects. Mean Pb-B levels and ALAD index were found significantly higher in the study group than in the normal control group (7.3+/-2.92 microg/dl vs. 2.08+/-1.24 microg/dl, P < 0.001 and 0.44+/-0.26 vs. 0.29+/-0.23, P < 0.05, respectively). FT4 levels were found significantly lower in the study group (1.02+/-0.18 mI/mL and 1.12+/-0.14 mIU/mL, P < 0.05). No subject in the control group had an abnormal FT4 level, but FT4 levels were found under normal limits in 11 subjects (26%) in the study group. FT3 and TSH levels in the study and control groups did not differ (P > 0.05). Thyroid volumes in the study and control groups did not exhibit any significant differences (P > 0.05). Pb-B was found to be negatively correlated to FT4 levels (r = -0.20, P = 0.044). This study revealed that long-term low-level lead exposure may lead to reduced FT4 level without significant changes in TSH and T3 levels in adolescents even at low Pb-B levels.     

甲状腺功能检查在妊娠早期的临床应用价值

目的 研究甲状腺功能检查在妊娠早期的临床应用价值.方法妊娠早期孕妇613例(观察组),检查甲状腺功能,并对甲状腺功能异常的孕妇进行治疗干预,并与未进行甲状腺功能筛查及治疗的586例孕妇(对照组)进行比较.结果观察组613例孕妇中患有各种甲状腺疾病182例(29.69％).观察组胎儿窘迫、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压疾病、新生儿畸形发生率明显低于对照组[3.92％(24/613)比7.34％(43/586)、5.06％(31/613)比12.97％(76/586)、2.28％(14/613)比5.46％(32/586)、1.63％(10/613)比5.63％(33/586),P＜0.01].结论在妊娠早期进行甲状腺功能检查及治疗干预具有重要的临床价值.     

Effects on the nervous system in different groups of workers exposed to aluminium

OBJECTIVE—To investigate possible neurotoxic effects in groups of aluminium pot room and foundry workers, aluminium welders, and a small group of workers exposed to aluminium in the production of flake powder.
METHODS—Exposure to aluminium was evaluated with aluminium concentrations in blood and urine as well as a questionnaire. The groups exposed to aluminium were compared with a group of mild steel welders. Neurotoxic effects were studied with mood and symptom questionnaires and several psychological and neurophysiological tests.
RESULTS—The pot room and foundry workers showed very low aluminium uptake as their aluminium concentrations in blood and urine were close to normal, and no effects on the nervous system were detected. The group of workers exposed to flake powder had high concentrations of aluminium in blood and urine, even higher than those of the aluminium welders. However, aluminium could not be shown to affect the functioning of the nervous system in flake powder producers. Although significant effects could not be shown in the present analysis of the data on welders, the performance of the welders exposed to high concentrations of aluminium was affected according to the analyses in the original paper from this group.
CONCLUSIONS—For the pot room and foundry workers no effects related to the exposure to aluminium could be found. For the group of flake powder producers exposed for a short term no effects on the nervous systems were evident despite high levels of exposure. Due to the high concentrations of aluminium in the biological samples of this group, measures to reduce the exposure to aluminium are recommended, as effects on the central nervous system might develop after protracted exposures. However, this assumption needs to be verified in further studies.


Keywords: aluminium; workers; nervous system     

基准剂量法在职业性铅暴露评价中的应用

目的应用职业流行病学资料估算铅接触引起肾功能损害的基准剂量.方法 2002年4月至2003年5月,以血铅作为接触标志物,尿蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）作为效应标志物,将数据进行二分变量处理作为效应终点,采用基准剂量计算软件（BMDS 1.3.1）计算基准剂量反应为10%时,各效应标志物的血铅基准剂量和基准剂量的95%可信区间下限（BMDL）.结果肾功能3项指标异常率随血铅水平增高而增高,存在剂量-反应关系,其血铅的基准剂量为323.6～754.3 μg/L,BMDL值为274.2～541.5 μg/L,BMDL值大小依次为尿NAG、尿蛋白和尿β2-MG,尿NAG是监测肾功能损害的最敏感指标.结论基准剂量法应用到各种毒物参考剂量和参考浓度的制定中具有可行性.     

三氯乙烯对豚鼠皮肤致敏作用与肝肾功能的损害

目的 探讨三氯乙烯(TCE)对豚鼠皮肤致敏作用及肝肾功能的损害.方法 采用豚鼠最大值试验(GPMT),将动物分成阴性对照组、阳性对照组和TCE实验组,每组6只豚鼠,分别皮内注射橄榄油、2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)和TCE.实验结束后观察动物皮肤改变,应用自动生化分析仪检测致敏动物血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白、球蛋白、乳酸脱氧酶(LDH)、肌苷、尿酸等指标.结果阳性对照组和TCE实验组动物出现明显皮肤红斑、水肿,阳性对照组动物致敏率为100%,TCE实验组动物致敏率为83.3%.阳性对照组动物血清中ALT、AST活力升高,TCE实验组动物血清中ALT、AST、LDH活力明显高于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 TCE可诱导豚鼠产生明显的皮肤致敏作用,属强致敏物,并可引起实验动物肝功能指标的改变.