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1.
目的:探讨首发和慢性精神分裂症患者自知力的影响因素。方法:46例首次发病精神分裂症患者(首发组)及140例慢性精神分裂症患者(慢性组)的人口学及临床资料,并分别于入院及出院时进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)评估;分析影响患者自知力的因素。结果:首发组年龄、病程及本次住院时间与慢性组比较差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);两组治疗前PANSS评分及治疗前后PANSS评分变化值比较差异无统计学意义;治疗前ITAQ总分首发组明显低于慢性组(P0.01);治疗后两组间ITAQ变化值比较差异无统计学意义。以ITAQ评分变化值为因变量,首发组PANSS中阳性症状及阴性症状分变化值、住院时间及治疗前的自知力进入回归模型(P0.05或P0.001);慢性组中患者治疗前的自知力及PANSS中阴性症状和阳性症状评分变化值进入回归模型(P均0.01)。结论:控制临床症状是改善首发和慢性精神分裂症患者自知力的主要影响因素;适当延长住院时间可能有助于首发患者自知力恢复。  相似文献   

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目的探讨精神分裂症患者住院时间的相关因素。方法以我院2009-01—2013-01收治的100例精神分裂症患者为研究对象,对患者的临床资料进行单因素分析和线性相关性分析,比较入院时和出院时PANSS、ITAQ和DAI评分并进行线性相关性分析,对相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归性分析。结果出院时阴性症状评分、阳性症状评分和PANSS总分均低于入院时(P0.05),出院时一般精神病理症状评分高于入院时(P0.05);出院时ITAQ和DAI评分高于入院时(P0.05)。线性相关性分析显示,入院时PANSS阴性症状评分与住院时间呈正相关(r=0.183,P0.05),入院时PANSS阳性症状评分、一般精神病理症状评分、ITAQ和DAI评分及各量表残差与患者住院时间无相关性(P0.05);单因素分析示,住院时间和性别、年龄、受教育年限无相关性(P0.05),与病程呈正相关(r=0.213,P0.05);通过单因素分析确认病程和入院时阴性症状评分是影响住院时间的线性相关因素,对相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归性分析结果显示,病程和入院时阴性症状评分是影响住院时间的独立危险因素,且与住院时间呈正相关(P0.05)。结论病程和入院时阴性症状程度是影响精神分裂症住院时间的相关因素。  相似文献   

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目的通过总结精神分裂症患者合并使用心境稳定剂的现状及其对短期预后的影响,了解患者的获益与风险。方法对纳入的334例精神分裂症患者进行自然观察,按是否合并使用心境稳定剂分组。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、副反应量表(TESS)及健康状况量表(SF-36)分别测评精神症状、自知力、药物不良反应及生活质量。结果入院时合并组PANSS总评分、兴奋因子、认知因子评分高于未合并组(P0.05);出院时合并组PANSS阳性因子、认知因子评分仍高于未合并组(P0.05);ITAQ、SF-36精神心理维度评分低于未合并组(P0.05)。结论合并心境稳定剂治疗对精神分裂症患者的兴奋冲动攻击行为有效,但不影响总体症状改善,且对生活质量和自知力可能有负面影响,故使用前应谨慎评估。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨精神分裂症患者住院时间与疗效的关系。方法:以10 d为间隔将235例精神分裂症患者按住院时间分为7~20 d、30 d、40 d、50 d、60 d及60 d组,在住院第1周和最后1周分别应用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)评估病情及自知力;分析住院时间与疗效的关系。结果:235例患者平均住院时间为64.3 d;住院时间与出院时ITAQ总分(r=0.294)、PANSS总分(r=-0.407)、阳性症状分(r=-0.369)及PANSS总分减分率(r=0.377)、阳性症状分减分率(r=-0.369)的相关系数在7~30 d组最大;住院≥31 d后其疗效与30 d比较差异无统计学意义。结论:精神分裂症患者住院30 d后,疗效可能不会随着住院时间延长而显著改善。  相似文献   

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慢性精神分裂症住院患者的程式化技能训练   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨程式化技能训练对慢性精神分裂症住院患者的康复效果.方法:将 120 例住院患者随机分成训练组和对照组各 60 例,对训练组进行 8 周的程式化训练,然后全部随访 24 周.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS),自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)和 Morningside 康复状态量表(MRSS)进行评估.结果:训练组的 PANSS 总分、阴性症状分和一般精神病理分及 ITAQ 分以及 MPSS 各量表分在训练第 20 周末起,都明显优于对照组.结论:程式化技能训练可使慢性精神分裂症住院患者增进多方面的康复效果.  相似文献   

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目的探讨精神分裂症、双相障碍及单相抑郁障碍患者自知力的差异、影响因素及自知力与诊断的关系。方法在广州市惠爱医院连续入组符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症、双相躁狂、双相抑郁、单相抑郁诊断标准的住院患者395例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)分别评定患者的临床症状和自知力水平,通过协方差分析方法进行症状严重程度及自知力水平比较,采用多元逐步线性回归分析比较入院时各因素对自知力的影响。结果入院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组的ITAQ总评分分别为(5.66±0.39)分、(5.95±0.50)分、(9.73±0.95)分、(9.36±0.94)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=8.40,P0.01)。出院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组ITAQ总评分分别为(12.27±0.38)分、(14.46±0.49)分、(13.64±0.94)分、(12.98±0.92)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.32,P=0.005)。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别均为自知力变化的影响因素(β=-0.405、2.103、-1.482,P均0.05)。结论住院精神障碍患者在急性期,自知力水平变化与疾病谱系变化存在相关性。随着疾病谱系的发展,抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症患者的自知力缺损程度逐渐加重。此外,自知力的变化受入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别等诸多因素的影响。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨团体绘画治疗对康复期精神分裂症住院患者阴性症状、社会功能和自知力的 治疗效果。方法 选取 2023 年 2— 8 月在武汉市精神卫生中心睡眠障碍病区和康养病区住院的 130 例 康复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=65)和研究组(n=65),分别实 施常规治疗护理和联合团体绘画治疗。在干预前和干预 4 个月后,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、 社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和自知力及治疗态度测量问卷(ITAQ)比较两组患者临床症状、社会功 能和对疾病的自知力情况。结果 共 125 例患者完成研究,其中研究组 63 例、对照组 62 例。两组患 者干预前 PANSS 各分量表、SDSS 和 ITAQ 评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。对照组患者干预后 PANSS 阴性症状分量表评分低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。研究组患者干预后 PANSS 阴性 症状分量表、SDSS 评分低于对照组和干预前,ITAQ 评分高于对照组和干预前,差异均有统计学意义(均 P< 0.01)。结论 团体绘画治疗有助于改善康复期精神分裂症住院患者的阴性症状、社会功能和自 知力。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨利伯曼精神康复技术对长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者精神症状及自知力的影响。方法:133例长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组在住院条件下接受抗精神病药物治疗及常规护理基础上,接受每周5次、连续7周的利伯曼精神康复训练;对照组仅接受常规住院的药物治疗及护理。两组在训练前、训练3个月及6个月时分别进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)的评定。两组PANSS及ITAQ比较采用重复测量方差分析。结果:在PANSS阳性症状分上时间效应显著(F=22.980,P0.001)。在PANSS阴性症状上组间效应(F=6.932,P=0.009)及时间效应(F=12.485,P0.001)均显著。在PANSS一般病理症状上时间效应显著(F=25.786,P0.001)。ITAQ组间效应(F=4.461,P=0.037)、时间效应(F=56.622,P0.001)及交互效应(F=6.609,P=0.002)均显著。结论:利伯曼精神康复训练能更好地帮助长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者改善阴性症状及提高自知力。  相似文献   

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目的探讨社区康复训练对慢性精神分裂症患者的效果。方法选取我社区慢性精神分裂症患者92例,根据完全随机化原则将其分为对照组和干预组,每组各46例。其中对照组患者给予常规抗精神分裂症药物治疗,干预组在此基础上给予社区康复训练。6个月后观察比较两组患者阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评分。结果两组患者干预前PANSS、ITAQ与SDSS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后,干预组PANSS阳性量表、阴性量表、一般精神病理量表评分及总分、ITAQ与SDSS评分改善情况均优于对照组;且与同组干预前比较,以上评分均明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);而对照组以上评分无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论社区康复训练可明显改善慢性精神分裂症患者的症状,增强患者自知力和社会功能,促进其康复。  相似文献   

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目的探讨支持性心理干预联合社区日间康复训练对慢性精神分裂症患者的远期康复疗效。方法 2011年10月至2012年9月选取慢性精神分裂症患者,按照随机抽样方法,入选样本84例,随机分为两组:干预组和对照组,每组42例。干预组接受支持性心理干预和社区日间康复干预6个月,对照组按社区常规随访6月。12个月末采用采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、康复量表(MRSS)、自知力与态度问卷调查(ITAQ)、复发率和再住院率评估两组的康复疗效。结果干预组、对照组患者入组时PANSS、MRSS以及ITAQ评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后干预组的PANSS总分及阴性量表分显著低于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)、MRSS总分及依赖性、活动能力、社交能力较对照组下降,ITAQ评分显著高于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05),症状行为因子分两组无差异(P0.05)。干预组复发率及再住院率显著低于对照组(P0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论支持性心理干预联合社区日间康复能更好地改善慢性精神分裂症患者的症状、提高其自知力,降低复发率和再住院率,对促进其康复水平有积极意义。  相似文献   

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Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.  相似文献   

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Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.  相似文献   

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Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005  相似文献   

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After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.  相似文献   

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A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.  相似文献   

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