腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的MSCT表现及病理对照分析

目的通过对腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的MSCT、病理对照分析提高MSCT对两者的诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的37例腮腺多形性腺瘤和32例腺淋巴瘤的MSCT影像学资料进行对比分析,结合临床病理资料,评价MSCT检查手段的诊断价值。结果多形性腺瘤多单发,腺淋巴瘤可多发;MSCT双期增强扫描多形性腺瘤呈延迟强化,腺淋巴瘤动脉期强化明显,延迟密度减低,符合其病理学基础;对鉴别多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤有较高的价值。结论多形性腺瘤及腺淋巴瘤的MSCT影像学资料有一定的特征,MSCT对鉴别两者有重要的适用价值。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的双期增强CT表现与鉴别

目的通过观察腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的CT影像学表现,探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的双期增强CT表现及其鉴别价值。方法回顾本院经手术及病理证实的16例腮腺腺淋巴瘤(A组)患者临床资料,分析其CT影像学表现,并与同期23例腮腺多形性腺瘤(B组)患者比较。结果 A组腮腺腺淋巴瘤:多发于50岁以上男性,多位于腮腺后下象限,边界清楚光整,呈均匀稍高密度或伴囊变坏死低密度,增强扫描多呈"快进快出"表现;B组多形性腺瘤:多发于中年,多位于腮腺非后下象限,边界清楚光整,呈均匀稍高密度或伴囊变坏死及钙化,增强扫描呈缓慢渐进性强化。A、B两组患者在病灶部位、分叶状病灶所占比例、增强扫描后CT值上升平均值比较,两组差异具有显著性(P<0.05);病灶大小、密度对比,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的双期增强CT表现具有特征性,对两者的鉴别具有重要价值。     

Value of routine MRI in combination with DWI in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DW1图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值.按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤.多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶.比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值.结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5％),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4％),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3％).多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001).结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据.     

常规MRI联合DWI在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DWI图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值。按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶。比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值。结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5%),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4%),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3%)。多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001)。结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据。     

3.0T MR动脉自旋标记对腮腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的:初步探讨3.0T磁共振动脉自旋标记技术(ASL)对腮腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法:前瞻性搜集2017年3月-2020年1月因腮腺肿物于本院就诊及治疗的患者作为研究对象,所有研究对象均行常规MR平扫及ASL扫描,测量ASL序列图像上肿瘤组织的肿瘤血流量(TBF),并将计算出的标准化肿瘤血流量(nTBF)与病理结果进行对比分析。结果:本研究总共纳入45例经术后病理证实的腮腺肿瘤患者。其中良性肿瘤28例,包括腺淋巴瘤14例,多形性腺瘤14例;恶性肿瘤共17例。测量并经计算得出腺淋巴瘤、多形性腺瘤、恶性腮腺肿瘤的nTBF分别为:3.71±1.65、0.89±0.25、1.55±0.60。腺淋巴瘤的nTBF明显高于多形性腺瘤(P<0.01)和恶性肿瘤(P<0.01),但是多形性腺瘤和恶性肿瘤的nTBF差异无统计学意义(P=0.073)。ASL能将腮腺腺淋巴瘤从多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤中鉴别出来,但是无法鉴别多形性腺瘤与恶性肿瘤。ASL诊断腮腺腺淋巴瘤的ROC曲线下面积为0.935,nTBF的诊断阈值为2.03,诊断腺淋巴瘤的敏感度和特异度分别为92.9%、93.5%。结论:3.0T MR ASL技术可以无创地、定量地评价腮腺肿瘤的TBF,并对腺淋巴瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断具有较高的价值。     

腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的CT影像特征及对比分析

目的：探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的CT影像特点,提高对两者的鉴别诊断能力。方法回顾性研究经手术病理证实的13例多形性腺瘤及9例腺淋巴瘤的CT表现,并做对比分析。结果13例多形性腺瘤均为单发,11例位于腮腺非后下象限,增强11例表现为持续性或延迟强化,呈“慢进慢出”改变;9例腺淋巴瘤3例多发共13个病灶,9个病灶位于腮腺后下象限,增强9个病灶动脉期显著强化,延迟期强化减退,呈“快进快出”表现。结论腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤 CT 影像表现各有特点,掌握各自特征性影像表现并结合临床资料,绝大多数病灶术前可以做出正确诊断。     

腮腺肿瘤MSCT灌注扫描结果:入选动脉和病灶ROI选择的影响

目的探讨入选动脉和病灶ROI选择对腮腺肿瘤多层螺旋CT（MSCT）灌注扫描结果的影响。 方法使用Philips ADW4.5工作站自带的灌注扫描软件对12例腮腺肿瘤患者进行MSCT灌注后处理分析。记录选择不同入选动脉和病灶ROI时的血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）和增强幅度（PEI）等灌注参数;采用方差分析法分析并比较上述各组参数值;采用独立样本t检验比较腺淋巴瘤和非腺淋巴瘤灌注参数之间的差异性。 结果选取颈外动脉（ECA）、颈内动脉（ICA）和颈总动脉（CCA）为入选动脉时,BF、BV和PEI值在各组之间的差异无统计学意义（F=0.012、0.007和0.233,均P>0.05）;当肿瘤取不同面积ROI时,上述各灌注参数值之间的差异同样不具有统计学意义（F=0.220、0.033和0.283,均P>0.05）。选择ECA作为入选动脉、ROI为80%瘤体面积（S80%）时,PEI对腺淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断效能最高。 结论入选动脉和病灶ROI的大小对腮腺肿瘤灌注结果无明显影响;但选择ECA作为入选动脉、ROI取S80%可能有助于提高腮腺腺淋巴瘤的诊断效能。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的MSCT征象对比分析

目的回顾性对比分析腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的MSCT影像特征。方法经手术及病理证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤与35例多形性腺瘤,分析其临床及影像学资料,对肿瘤数量、发生部位、形态、边界、平扫密度、CT强化特征等进行对比分析。结果腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的肿瘤数量、病灶形态、边界差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病灶发生于后下象限、平扫密度较高、早期显著强化更常见于腮腺腺淋巴瘤,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3种阳性单一征象中,发生于后下象限敏感度最高(90.3%),早期显著强化特异度最高(92.4%);两种联合征象中,发生于后下象限+平扫密度较高敏感度最高(83.4%),发生于后下象限+早期显著强化特异度最高(94.4%);3种征象联合时,诊断腺淋巴瘤的敏感度和特异度分别为63.1%、96.4%。结论发生部位、平扫密度及早期显著强化在腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的MSCT影像鉴别中具有较高的特异性,多种征象联合应用大多数病灶术前可作出正确诊断。     

双源CT对腮腺腺淋巴瘤及多形性腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的 :探讨双源CT对腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法 :搜集33例,其中经手术、病理证实为腮腺腺淋巴瘤17例共22个病灶,腮腺多形性腺瘤16例共17个病灶,均完成双源CT平扫及增强扫描。结合病理,对其临床、影像资料进行分析和比较。结果:腮腺腺淋巴瘤与腮腺多形性腺瘤在发病部位、生长轴线、肿瘤内低密度或囊变坏死、平扫及增强扫描CT值、肿瘤内或周边血管影等方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);在肿瘤形态、大小、左右叶分布方面差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 :双源CT除能显示腮腺多形性腺瘤及腺淋巴瘤的数目、部位、形态及周围结构情况,尤其对肿瘤内低密度组织成分或囊变坏死、增强血管影等显示有较好优势,对两者具有较好的鉴别能力。     

CT灌注对腮腺肿块定性诊断的临床价值评价

目的探讨多层螺旋CT灌注技术对腮腺肿块定性诊断的价值。资料与方法经术后病理证实的47例患者共50个腮腺肿块,其中良性肿瘤25例(27个肿块),恶性肿瘤8例(8个肿块),炎症肿块14例(15个肿块)。术前均行CT灌注检查,观察并比较不同性质腮腺肿块的血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)、增强峰值(PH)、达峰时间(TTP)及时间-密度曲线(TDC)。结果腮腺良性肿瘤(不包括腺淋巴瘤)的CT灌注参数BF、BV、PH较恶性肿瘤低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);TTP较恶性肿瘤长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);MTT及PS较恶性肿瘤的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。炎性肿块BV较恶性肿瘤低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);TTP较恶性肿瘤长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);腺淋巴瘤与其他良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤的TDC形态有显著差异。结论 CT灌注检查对腮腺肿块的定性诊断具有一定的价值。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.