新生儿低血糖脑损伤MRI表现

目的 :探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI特征,为低血糖性脑损伤患儿的诊断及治疗提供依据。方法 :回顾性分析我院收治的11例临床诊断为低血糖脑损伤患儿的MRI表现。结果:本组中,累及双侧顶枕叶11例,胼胝体压部7例,侧脑室旁白质2例,1例伴脑室旁点状出血。首次MRI检查表现为病变部位长T1长T2信号,DWI高信号11例,2例内囊后肢T1WI高信号消失,1例伴脑室旁点状出血呈短T1短T2信号。1个月后MRI复查3例,2例显示双侧顶枕叶软化灶,1例胼胝体仍显示稍长T1长T2信号,DWI稍高信号。结论:新生儿低血糖脑损伤主要部位为大脑半球顶枕叶皮层及皮层下白质,其次为胼胝体;急性期MRI表现主要为损伤部位的水肿,慢性期则表现为受累脑组织出现软化、萎缩等。颅脑MRI是目前诊断低血糖脑损伤影像学检查最佳的选择。     

新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI诊断及鉴别

目的:探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI特征及扩散加权成像(DWI)在低血糖脑损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析13例经临床确诊的新生儿低血糖脑损伤病例的MRI资料,所有病例均在出生后38h～7d行MRI检查,扫描序列包括常规T1WI、T2WI及DWI序列。结果:常规T1WI表现为受累部位稍低信号4例,稍高信号2例;9例T2WI表现为受累部位稍高信号或灰白质分界不清。13例在DWI图上出现异常高信号,受累部位在ADC图上呈低信号(其中2例低信号范围内出现部分高信号),受累脑区包括双侧枕顶叶皮层及皮层下脑白质10例、双侧顶枕叶皮层下脑白质1例、双侧颞叶后部皮层下脑白质4例、双侧额叶后部皮层下脑白质4例、胼胝体压部13例(整个胼胝体受累1例)、双侧内囊后肢5例、双侧内囊前肢1例、双侧外囊1例、脑干1例,13例中10例病变呈对称性分布。结论:新生儿低血糖脑损伤以双侧枕顶叶后部脑组织及胼胝体压部最常受累,常对称性分布,具有一定特征性。DWI序列较常规T1WI及T2WI序列在低血糖脑损伤的诊断及评估上更具优越性。     

The value of MRI in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury

目的:探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI特征及扩散加权成像(DWI)在低血糖脑损伤诊断中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析13例经临床确诊的新生儿低血糖脑损伤病例的MRI资料,所有病例均在出生后38h~7d行MRI检查,扫描序列包括常规T1WI、T2WI及DWI序列.结果:常规T1WI表现为受累部位稍低信号4例,稍高信号2例;9例T2WI表现为受累部位稍高信号或灰白质分界不清.13例在DWl图上出现异常高信号,受累部位在ADC图上呈低信号(其中2例低信号范围内出现部分高信号),受累脑区包括双侧枕顶叶皮层及皮层下脑白质10例、双侧顶枕叶皮层下脑白质1例、双侧颠叶后部皮层下脑白质4例、双侧额叶后部皮层下脑白质4例、胼胝体压部13例(整个胼胝体受累1例)、双侧内囊后肢5例、双侧内囊前肢1例、双侧外囊1例、脑干1例,13例中10例病变呈对称性分布.结论:新生儿低血糖脑损伤以双侧枕顶叶后部脑组织及胼胝体压部最常受累,常对称性分布,具有一定特征性.DWI序列较常规T1 WI及T2WI序列在低血糖脑损伤的诊断及评估上更具优越性.     

新生儿低血糖脑损伤的高场磁共振表现

目的 初步探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的高场MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析经临床确诊的23例低血糖脑损伤新生儿的临床和MRI资料,MRI序列包括常规T1WI、T2WI、DWI及FLAIR序列.6例患儿有1个月后MR复查资料.结果 脑损伤早期DWI主要表现为高信号和ADC值降低,常规序列或表现正常,或表现T1WI稍低信号,T2WI稍高信号.受累脑区包括双侧顶枕叶23例,胼胝体11例,双侧基底节区9例,双侧大脑广泛受2例;6例随访,2例正常,4例顶枕叶出现软化灶.结论 新生儿低血糖脑损伤多发生在顶枕叶、胼胝体和基底节,DWI早期诊断优于常规序列,常规MRI结合DWI扫描对该病的早期诊断及预后评估具有重要价值.     

新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI表现

目的 初步探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI表现特征及扩散加权成像(DWI)存早期发现低血糖脑损伤中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例低血糖新生儿(其中10例诊断为新生儿低血糖脑病)MRI资料,12例患儿于出生后3至10 d内进行了头部MR扫描,包括常规T1 WI、T2、WI 和DWI扫描.其中4例在第一次检杏后7至10 d后再次行MR扫描.结果 12例首次DWI检查中11例出现异常高信号,受累脑区包括双侧枕叶皮层2例、右侧枕叶皮层1例、左侧枕叶皮层及皮层下1例,双侧枕叶皮层及皮层下2例、双侧顶枕叶皮层2例、舣侧顶枕叶皮层及皮层下2例、胼胝体压部4例、双侧放射冠2例、左侧尾状核及苍白球1例、舣侧背侧丘脑1例、双侧内囊后肢1例.12例首次常规T1 WI、T2 WI中,4例T1 WI呈现异常信号,表现为受累部位皮层T1信号减低3例、受累的双枕叶皮层稍短T1信号1例;5例T2 WI见异常信号,均表现为受累部位皮层及皮层下T2信号稍增高且灰白质分界不清.4例复查中,受累枕叶局部白质软化4例,残存枕叶皮层见条状稍高T1信号2例,双侧大脑半球白质呈弥漫性脱髓鞘改变1例,胼胝体压部T2高信号消失1例,胼胝体压部仍见稍高T2信号1例.结论 在新生儿期,可能和低血糖相关的腑拟伤多发生在双侧顶、枕叶后部脑组织.早期的DWI扫描有助于低血糖脑损伤的早期发现和评估.     

常规MRI及DWI在新生儿低血糖脑损伤评估中的初步研究

目的:分析妊娠期糖尿病母亲分娩的足月低血糖新生儿脑损伤的常规磁共振和磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的特征。方法:随机回顾性分析妊娠期糖尿病母亲所分娩的足月低血糖新生儿48例,对患儿行动态血糖检测、常规MRI及DWI检查。对照分析血糖水平与影像学特征之间的关系。结果:常规MRI显示脑内异常信号8例(16.7%,8/48),11例(18.8%,11/48)DWI显示脑内异常信号,病灶部位均以顶、枕叶为著。反复发作性低血糖的脑损伤发生率高于短暂性低血糖(P0.05)。有症状低血糖患儿比无症状低血糖患儿的脑损伤发生率高,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:新生儿低血糖持续时间和程度与脑损伤密切相关,MRI特别是DWI对新生儿低血糖脑损伤可作出早期诊断和预后评估。     

新生儿胆红素脑病的MRI表现

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对新生儿胆红素脑病(NBE)诊断的价值.方法 回顾性分析28例胆红素脑病新生儿的常规MRI表现和临床资料.结果 28例患儿中27例T1WI苍白球对称性高信号.19例患儿底丘脑T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈等信号,主要表现为底丘脑点状或"八"字形对称性短T1WI信号.8例患儿中脑、桥脑背侧、延髓T1WI呈高信号,而桥脑腹侧信号正常.扩散加权成像(DWI)显示所有胆红素脑病患儿的基底节无异常信号.结论 常规MRI及DWI有助于新生儿胆红素脑病的诊断.     

非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI表现

目的探讨非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI特点,以提高对该种脑病的认识。方法回顾性分析5例非酒精性Wernicke脑病的MRI表现。结果 5例非酒精性Wernicke脑病中,3例显示为导水管周围、四叠体、第三脑室旁、双侧丘脑对称性稍长T1长T2信号,FLAIR、DWI呈高信号;1例显示为双侧丘脑、侧脑室旁、脑桥被盖对称性稍长T1长T2信号,脑沟旁大脑皮质等T1长T2信号,FLAIR、DWI呈均为高信号,1个半月后头颅MRI复查,两侧丘脑略增大,FLAIR序列见少许对称性稍高信号改变;1例T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR未发现异常,DWI序列显示四叠体边缘少许高信号。结论非酒精性Wernicke脑病具有典型的MRI表现,对临床诊断及治疗有重要意义。     

足月新生儿低血糖脑病的MRI表现

目的 探讨足月新生儿低血糖脑病的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析16例低血糖脑病的MR资料,其中男10例,女6例,所有病例均在患者出生后6 d内进行,包括常规T1WI,T2WI和Flair,DWI扫描.其中4例1~3月后再次复查MR.结果 16例首次检查T1异常8例,表现为皮层下白质呈低信号,4例皮层呈高信号.T2异常6例,表现为高信号区.DWI异常12例,表现为对称性高信号区.分布部位:双侧顶枕叶10例,胼胝体压部4例,双额叶1例,双屏状核1例,侧脑室旁白质4例,小脑上脚、脑干腹侧1例.1~3月后复查4例,有2例表现为局限性脑皮层萎缩,胼胝体变细.结论 足月新生儿低血糖脑损伤最易发生顶枕叶后部脑组织,其次胼胝体,小脑亦可受累.DWI上对称性高信号具有一定的特征性.     

儿童轻微脑炎/脑病伴可逆性胼胝体压部病变MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨儿童轻微脑炎/脑病伴可逆性胼胝体压部病变(MERS)的临床表现及MRI影像特征.方法 对本院8例MERS患儿的临床特点、影像学变化以及脑电图等进行回顾性分析,检查设备采用GE Signa Excite 1.5T HD Echospeed及DiscoveryMR750 3.0T扫描仪.结果 8例患儿影像学改变均累及胼胝体压部,病灶特征呈类圆形,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2 WI及FLAIR呈稍高信号,DWI上呈明显高信号,相应表观扩散系数(ADC)序列上呈低信号为典型特征,其中6例在DWI显示胼胝体压部孤立性受累而被诊断MERSⅠ型;另2例中1例扩展到整个胼胝体,1例扩展到半卵圆中心白质被诊断MERSⅡ型,随访7 d～1月患儿复查头颅MRI均恢复正常.结论 MERS临床上表现为急性轻微脑炎/脑病症状,为临床-影像学预后良好的一种综合征;MRI对其诊断、鉴别诊断及为临床治疗提供依据具有很大价值,为首选影像学检查方法.     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.