禹州漏芦抗炎和抑菌有效部位的筛选

目的:研究禹州漏芦不同提取部位对小鼠耳肿胀的抗炎及其抑菌作用,进而对有效部位进行筛选。方法:对禹州漏芦进行乙醇回流提取,所得浸膏依次用石油醚,三氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯,正丁醇萃取得各部位浸膏,将小鼠随机分为模型组,阿司匹林组(0.11 g·kg-1)和不同溶剂萃取部位高、低剂量组,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型,考察禹州漏芦不同溶剂萃取部位的抗炎作用;采用试管二倍稀释法,用划线法确定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),考察不同部位提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠埃希氏菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,伤寒沙门氏菌,铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用。结果:与模型组比较,禹州漏芦三氯甲烷萃取部位的高、低剂量组对小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率均高于60%(P0.01),其他部位的抑制率较低;乙酸乙酯萃取部位和正丁醇萃取部位对5种菌种均有抑制作用,乙酸乙酯萃取部位对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC最低,正丁醇萃取部位对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC最低,均为312.5 g·L-1。结论:禹州漏芦抗炎的有效部位是三氯甲烷萃取部位,抑菌的有效部位是乙酸乙酯萃取部位和正丁醇萃取部位,为禹州漏芦的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

马甲子叶抑菌有效部位的筛选

目的:探讨马甲子叶不同提取部位的抑菌作用,并筛选其有效部位。方法:系统溶剂法将马甲子叶提取为石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水5个部位后,用纸片法考察不同溶剂部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌的体外抑菌活性,采用琼脂平板涂布法测定有明显抑菌作用的有效部位的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:石油醚、三氯甲烷和水部位无抑菌效果。乙酸乙酯、正丁醇部位对受试病原菌有不同程度的抑菌效果,其中正丁醇部位抑菌活性达显著性差异,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌的MIC值分别为0.714,0.714,0.357,0.357 g·L-1。乙酸乙酯部位对4种细菌均具有明显抑制效果。综合抑菌效果比较:正丁醇部位乙酸乙酯部位水部位。结论:正丁醇、乙酸乙酯部位是马甲子叶的有效抑菌部位,是寻找新抑菌活性成分的基础,为后期开发利用提供理论依据。     

耳草提取物的抑菌作用及急性毒性研究

[目的]研究耳草提取物的抑菌作用及急性毒性。[方法]运用琼脂平板结合试管二倍稀释法观察耳草提取物(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇、乙醇、水提取物)对铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌等的抑制作用;急性毒性试验采用小鼠灌胃法,测定耳草水提取物、乙醇提取物的最大给药量。[结果]体外抑菌试验表明,耳草水、乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌均有不同程度的抑制作用;系统溶剂提取物中,乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇提取物具有抑制大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌的作用,而氯仿、石油醚提取物抑菌作用不明显。急性毒性试验表明耳草水提取物、乙醇提取物的最大给药量为252.4 g/kg、336.6 g/kg。[结论]耳草提取物具有抑菌作用,水提取物及乙醇提取物的急性毒性很小。     

藏药川西獐牙菜挥发性化学成分及抑菌活性研究

目的 研究川西獐牙菜挥发油的化学组成及其抑菌活性.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC-MS进行成分分析;选择金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌为代表菌种,对挥发油的抗菌活性进行了初步研究.结果 分离出88种成分,鉴定出61种化合物,其峰面积相对含量约占挥发油总量的91.32%.川西獐牙菜挥发油的主要组分为二十六烷(12.88%),二十八烷(17.83%),1-碘-十六烷(7.27%),11-十烷基-二十一烷(5.47%),2-十二烷氧基-乙醇(3.04%),2-环己基-十一烷( 2.19%),1-碘-十八烷(3.21%),四十四烷( 5.47%),二十九烷(4.29%),11-十烷基-二十一烷(5.47%),三十烷( 3.17%) 等.结论 川西獐芽菜挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和伤寒沙门氏菌有抑菌活性.     

刺果番荔枝叶片提取物的体外抑菌研究

目的:研究刺果番荔枝叶片的甲醇、石油醚和水可溶性提取物的抑菌效果.方法:采用肉汤稀释法对3种革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌)和5种革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、溶藻弧菌和霍乱弧菌)进行了体外抑菌效果试验.结果:刺果番荔枝的甲醇提取物对细菌的抑制性最强,其次是石油醚提取物和水提取物.试验中枯草芽孢杆菌,表皮葡萄球菌,金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌和溶藻弧菌对3种提取物最为敏感.结论:刺果番荔枝叶片提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有一定的抑菌效果.     

阳荷提取物体外抗菌作用研究

目的:研究姜科姜属植物阳荷根茎乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性.方法:运用乙醇渗漉法提取得到阳荷总提取物,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到不同极性部位;用滤纸片法对乙醇提取物及各萃取物进行体外抗菌活性测定,有抑菌作用的萃取物进一步用微量肉汤稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果:阳荷根茎乙醇提取物、石油醚和氯仿萃取物具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌等3种革兰阳性菌和大肠埃希菌等3种革兰阴性菌生长繁殖的活性,MIC值在312.5 ～1250 mg·L-1.总提取物对地衣芽孢杆菌、无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌的MBC均为1250 mg· L-;石油醚和氯仿萃取物对6种测试菌株均有杀灭作用,MBC值在625～1250 mg·L-1.结论:阳荷根茎乙醇提取物及石油醚和氯仿萃取物能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌的生长繁殖,具有明显的灭活作用.     

水杨梅和水团花提取物体外抑菌活性的实验研究

目的比较水杨梅和水团花不同提取物的抑菌活性,探寻该两种水团花属植物的有效抑菌成分。方法用肉汤稀释法测量水杨梅和水团花的乙醇粗提物、石油醚、醋酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部位,余水部位以及水杨梅甾体混合物、水团花单体化合物对6种实验菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果水杨梅各萃取部位及水团花醋酸乙酯萃取部位在实验质量浓度范围内分别对金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌或猪霍乱沙门氏菌显示出了不同程度的抑制活性;从水团花醋酸乙酯萃取部位分离出的化合物中,槲皮素-3-Oβ--D-葡萄糖苷显示出了较好的抑菌作用。结论水杨梅和水团花均含有抑制细菌的有效成分,为水团花属抑菌药物的开发提供了理论依据。     

草龙提取物及化学成分的抗菌活性研究

目的 研究草龙提取物及化学成分的抗菌活性.方法 采用琼脂稀释法测定草龙各个部位提取物及单体成分对金黄色葡萄球菌,表皮葡萄球菌,大肠埃希菌及绿脓杆菌的抑菌效果.结果 醋酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物有明显的抑菌的活性,水提取部位在高质量浓度下仅有一定的生物活性,石油醚提取物没有抑菌活性;从醋酸乙酯部位分得的没食子酸也有抑菌作用.结论 草龙醋酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位有明显的体外抑菌作用,抑菌作用最强的是醋酸乙酯部位;没食子酸单体具有体外抑菌作用.     

枫香树叶抗菌活性研究

目的探讨枫香树叶的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂扩散法和试管连续稀释法测定枫香树叶对常见致病菌和条件致病菌的体外抗菌活性及最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果枫香树叶对大肠埃希菌、白假丝酵母菌无抗菌作用;枫香树叶对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌皆有抗菌作用,抑菌圈直径在13~25 mm之间。不同方法提取的药液的抗菌作用有明显差别,其中枫香树叶水煎液抗菌作用最好,对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.5,1,0.5,0.5,0.25 g/ml。结论枫香树叶对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌有较好的抗菌作用。     

黔产青皮挥发油化学成分及抑菌活性研究

目的:对黔产青皮的挥发油化学成分及抑菌活性进行研究。方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法从青皮中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析鉴定成分并进行抑菌活性研究试验。结果:从挥发油中共鉴定出49个化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的96.39%;抑菌活性研究表明青皮挥发油对5种受试菌有一定的抑制作用,对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄微球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.65～1.25,1.25,0.62～1.25,0.62,0.31～0.62 g.L-1。结论:青皮挥发油的主要成分为萜类,具有一定的抗菌活性。     

Studies on antibacterial activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. leaf extract

Extracts of Ficus racemosa Linn. leaves were tested for antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Basillus pumilis ATCC 14884, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25619 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737. The effects produced by the extracts were significant and were compared with chloramphenicol. The petroleum ether extract was the most effective against the tested organisms.     

网脉橐吾不同萃取部位抗菌活性研究

目的:研究网脉橐吾不同萃取部位的抗菌活性。方法:采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法和OD值法测定网脉橐吾不同萃取部位抗金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和沙门氏菌的活性。结果:石油醚部位对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果比较明显,氯仿部位对4种试验菌都有抑制效果,且对大肠杆菌的抑制作用强于对其它3种细菌抑制作用,乙酸乙酯部位对绿脓杆菌的抑制效果比较明显,正丁醇部位的抗菌作用较为明显。萃余液部位仅对金黄色葡萄球菌有较弱的抑制作用。结论:网脉橐吾萃取液有较为明显的抗菌作用。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Syzygium jambolanum seeds

The water and methanolic extracts of Syzygium jambolanum seeds were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration. Activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum) is discussed.     

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Asparagus racemosus willd. root

Different concentrations (50, 100, 150 microg/mL) of the methanol extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd. showed considerable in vitro antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The effects produced by the methanol extract were compared with chloramphenicol.     

Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts

Essential oils (EOs) and methanol extracts obtained from aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum seeds were evaluated for their single and combined antibacterial activities against nine Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The essential oils and methanol extracts revealed promising antibacterial activities against most pathogens using broth microdilution method. Maximum activity of Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts (MIC 15.6 and 62.5mug/ml) were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Proteus vulgaris. Combinations of essential oils and methanol extracts showed an additive action against most tested pathogens especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Artemisia asiatica Nakai

The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Artemisia asiatica Nakai, its main constituents: 1,8-cineole and selin-11-en-4alpha-ol and monoterpene alcohols fraction were determined against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula rubra and Aspergillus fumigatus. The oil exhibited a good inhibitory activity against bacteria and fungi. The monoterpene alcohols fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity.     

Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind

Plagiochasma appendiculatum (Aytoniaceae) of the order Marchantiales is widely used in the form of paste ethnomedicinally by Gaddi tribe in Kangra valley for treating skin diseases. In this context, antimicrobical potential of Plagiochasma appendiculatum against a wide range of microorganisms was studied. To validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied, besides antioxidant activity to understand the mechanism of wound healing activity. The plant (alchoholic and aqueous extract) showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against almost all the organisms: Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and eight fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus albidus-dimorphic fungi, Trichophyton rubrum-dermatophyte fungi, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spinulosus, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus nidulans-systemic fungi, with especially good activity against the dermatophyte (Trichophyton rubrum) and some infectious bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhimurium) with an MIC of 2.5 microg/disc. The results show that Plagiochasma appendiculatum extract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength. The results also indicated that Plagiochasma appendiculatum extract possesses potent antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase activity.     

Antibacterial activity of an eudesmane sesquiterpene isolated from common Varthemia, Varthemia iphionoides

The ethyl acetate extract of the whole aerial parts of Varthemia iphionoides (Compositae) showed a pronounced antibacterial activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract and further purification of the most antibacterially active fraction led to the isolation and identification of an antibacterial sesquiterpene, selina-4,11(13)-dien-3-on-12-oic acid. This compound exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against six bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritides). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of this compound which was determined by the agar dilution method ranged between 250 and 500 microg/ml.     

大叶胡颓子叶抗菌活性部位的研究

目的 筛选大叶胡颓子叶的抗菌活性部位,研究活性部位的抑菌作用.方法 大叶胡颓子叶经乙醇提取,系统溶剂萃取分离得到5个部位.采用滤纸片法检测各部位的抗菌活性,用平板法测定活性部位的最小抑菌浓度.结果 大叶胡颓子叶醋酸乙酯、正丁醇部位对5种常见呼吸道致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克氏杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌)均有较强的体外抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为0.357 2～1.428 6 mg/ml.结论 大叶胡颓子叶醋酸乙酯、正丁醇部具有较强的广谱抗菌活性,醋酸乙酯部的抗菌效果更为显著.     

Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed (black cumin).

Filter paper discs impregnated with the diethyl ether extract of Nigella sativa seeds (25-400 micrograms extract/disc) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria represented by Staphylococcus aureus. Gram-negative bacteria represented by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (but not Salmonella typhimurium) and a pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. The extract showed antibacterial synergism with streptomycin and gentamicin and showed additive antibacterial action with spectinomycin, erythromycin, tobramycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, lincomycin and sulphamethoxyzole-trimethoprim combination. The extract successfully eradicated a non-fatal subcutaneous staphylococcal infection in mice when injected at the site of infection.