卵巢癌合并卵巢脓肿一例

卵巢癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,其早期病变因症状及体征不明显且起病隐匿,故缺乏有效的筛查手段。卵巢癌合并卵巢脓肿或者卵巢脓肿恶变为卵巢癌在临床上发病率极低,确诊需要依赖临床实验室、病理及免疫组织化学等相关检查,治疗以手术为主,辅以化学治疗联合或不联合靶向治疗,临床疗效欠佳。该文结合病历资料及相关文献进行回顾性分析,对1例卵巢腺癌合并卵巢脓肿的临床特点及其诊治方法进行总结报道,以期引起临床医师的重视,提高对这类疾病的认识,为该类疾病的诊断和治疗提供支持。     

急性冠脉综合征患者C-反应蛋白的变化及其意义

目的观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量变化。方法对62例ACS病人及30例正常人外周血清中CRP水平进行测定。结果ACS组CRP值明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。急性心急梗死组与不稳定型心绞痛组比较CRP值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ACS病人CRP升高对提示心肌缺血损害、鉴别不稳定型心绞痛有参考价值。     

冠状动脉病变与供血心肌损伤程度的对照分析

目的探讨心肌灌注MRI所示梗死心肌体积及分型与供血冠状动脉狭窄程度和位置的关系.方法 47例急性心肌梗死患者急诊接受冠状动脉造影及介入治疗,其后6～8周行心肌延迟灌注MR扫描,测定梗死心肌相对体积并分型.结果 22例患者单支冠状动脉完全闭塞,25例患者多支冠状动脉多处狭窄;MRI示前者延迟强化灶体积显著大于后者,以透壁型为主,后者以非透壁型为主.结论单支冠状动脉近端闭塞较多支冠状动脉多处狭窄更易造成大范围透壁心肌梗死.     

应激性高血糖与急性心肌梗死冠脉病变程度及预后的关系

目的:探讨应激性高血糖(SHG)与急性心肌梗死冠脉病变程度及预后的关系.方法:根据心肌梗死初期血糖将90例急性心肌梗死患者分为两组,A组血糖≥8mmol/L,B组血糖＜8 mmol/L.对两组冠脉造影结果及预后进行比较分析.结果:A组梗死相关血管近端病变、梗死相关血管为前降支或右冠、心力衰竭、严重心律失常和梗死后心绞痛例数明显多于B组(P＜0.05),而左室射血分数明显低于B组(P＜0.05).结论:急性心肌梗死合并SHG的梗死相关血管多为前降支或右冠近端病变,预后不好.     

超敏C-反应蛋白与冠心病、心肌梗死的相关性探讨

目的探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）与冠心病（CHD）、心肌梗死（AMI）等疾病发生的关系。方法收集冠心病（CHD）患者61例、心肌梗死（AMI）患者45例作为患者组（排除同时引起的hs-CRP水平升高的其他疾病）;收集肝。肾功能、血脂、血糖、白细胞、心电图等体检指标正常的体检人员35例作为对照组。在日立7060全自动生化分析仪上应用乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法测定血清中hs-CRP的浓度和心肌酶谱,而心肌梗死组同时用免疫荧光法测定cTnI,并分析对照组与患者组、患者组治疗前后的hs-CRP水平的差异及hs—CRP与心肌酶谱、cTnI的关系。结果冠心病与心肌梗死患者的hs—CRP浓度与对照组相比明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;并且患者在治疗前后hs-CRP浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。而且hs—CRP与心肌酶谱、心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnI）的水平呈正相关关系。结论冠心病与心肌梗死患者血清hs—CRP水平明显升高。检测hs—CRP对冠心病与心肌梗死的辅助诊断、疗效观察及预后判断具有重要价值。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变与卵巢恶性肿瘤的关系及预后影响因素研究

目的探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变和卵巢恶性肿瘤之间的关系以及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年1月收治的原发性卵巢肿瘤80例患者为研究对象,按照是否卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变将其分为卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变组22例(观察组)和非卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变组58例(对照组),比较两组患者一般临床特征及生存状况,观察两组之间的关系以及预后影响因素。结果两组患者在发病年龄、临床症状、CA125值、FIGO分期、肿块直径及组织学分型方面的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而在化疗方案、化疗周期方面的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变组患者的5年生存率高于非卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),COX多因素分析结果显示卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变、FIGO分期、组织学分型是影响子宫内膜异位症患者预后的独立危险因素。结论卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变是卵巢恶性肿瘤的危险因素,卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变患者可能较其他卵巢恶性肿瘤患者拥有较好的预后,但要高度重视引发其恶变相关因素,做到防治结合,改善患者的预后。     

网织血小板和血小板参数在急性冠脉综合征中的变化及意义

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者网织血小板(RP)和血小板参数的变化及意义。方法:随机选取ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)27例为STEMI组,非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)25例为NSTEMI组,不稳定心绞痛(UA)31例为UA组,健康体检者30例为对照组进行检测。用CD61-PE单抗标记血小板,噻唑橙(TO)为染料,应用富含血小板血浆(PRP)法检测RP;用COULTERJT型全自动血液分析仪测定血小板参数[血小板计数(PLT)和血小板平均体积(MPV)]。结果:STEMI、NSTEMI、UA组3组RP%均显著性高于对照组(P<0.05);STEMI、NSTEMI组的RP%显著高于UA组(P<0.05);STEMI、NSTEMI组的MPV均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:RP可能成为评估ASC患者血小板活性的新指标,它和MPV的检测可能对ACS有着一定的临床意义。     

Choline for diagnosis and prognostication of acute coronary syndromes in the Emergency Department

Objectives

Choline has been identified as a promising marker of coronary inflammation, plaque destabilisation and ischaemia. We sought to evaluate plasma choline levels for rapid confirmation or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Emergency Department (ED) and for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods

We prospectively recruited 361 patients who presented to the ED with suspected cardiac chest pain within the previous 24 h. Blood was drawn at the time of presentation for plasma choline levels. All patients underwent troponin T testing ≥ 12 h after symptom onset and were followed up for the occurrence of MACE within 6 months. Whole blood choline (WBCho) levels were also measured in a convenience sample of 39 patients.

Results

Plasma choline levels did not help to predict a diagnosis of AMI (odds ratio (OR) 1.00 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.91-1.10, p = 0.98). For a diagnosis of AMI the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.48. Plasma choline was not predictive of the combined endpoint of MACE (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.12, p = 0.45) but predicted AMI within 6 months (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.56, p = 0.003). WBCho levels were significantly different to plasma levels and were predictive of MACE.

Conclusions

Plasma choline, measured at the time of ED presentation, is not a diagnostic marker of AMI but predicts AMI within 6 months. While plasma choline failed to predict MACE, WBCho was predictive and warrants further evaluation.     

急性冠脉综合征患者D-二聚体检测的临床意义

目的：探讨血浆D-二聚体水平在急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者中的变化与临床意义。方法检测121例急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血浆D-二聚体水平,其中不稳定心绞痛（UAP）患者43例,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者30例,ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者48例,与50例对照组比较,并进行统计分析。结果 ACS各组血浆D-二聚体水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;STEMI组血浆D-二聚体水平高于NSTEMI组（P＜0.05）和UAP组（P＜0.05）。结论 ACS患者血浆D-二聚体水平增高对ACS的防治和病情的观察有重要的临床意义。     

结合珠蛋白基因多态性与急性冠脉综合征的相关性研究

目的 探讨结合珠蛋白(Hp)基因多态性与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)易感性的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究,选择2005年3月至2006年12月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心内科住院并行冠脉造影检查证实的ACS患者112例(包括急性心肌梗死57例、不稳定性心绞痛55例)和同期年龄、性别匹配的健康体检者124例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测所有受试者Hp基因型,探讨Hp基因多态性与ACS发生的关系.用Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验样本群体代表性;各组基因型和等位基因频率差异比较采用x2检验,并以比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%CI)表示相对的风险度;综合评价ACS危险性采用多因素Logistic回归分析;以P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 ACS组Hp基因型分布与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003),表现为ACS组的Hp2-2基因型频率明显高于对照组(0.571 vs.0.355,P=0.001;OR=2.419,95%CI1.427～4.100),Hp2等位基因的频率也明显高于对照组(0.759 vs.0.616,P=0.001;OR=1.965,95%CI1.316～2.934).同时,多因素Logistic回归分析表明Hp2-2基因型是ACS的独立危险因素(P=0.002;OR=2.557,95%CI:1.410～4.639).结论 Hp2-2基因型与ACS的发生密切相关,可能是ACS发病的独立危险因子;Hp2等位基因可能是ACS的遗传易感基因.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the association of Haptoglobin(Hp) polymorphism with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) in Chinese. Method A total of 112 patients with ACS including 57 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 55 patients with unstable angina pectoris confirmed with angiography and 121healthy controls were recruited in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was utilized to genotype Hpl and Hp2 alleles and genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared. All polymorphisms were test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups separately. The differences of genotypes and alleles between two groups were analyzed with x2 test. The association between Hp polymorphism and the risk of ACS was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and the comprehensive evaluation of the factors associated with ACS were determined by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. P ＜0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The frequency of Hp2-2 genotype was significantly higher in ACSs than in controls (0. 571 vs. 0. 355, P = 0. 001; OR = 2. 419, 95% CI:1. 427 ～4. 100), multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicates that Hp2-2 genotype is an independent risk factor to ACS (P = 0.002; OR = 2.557,95% CI: 1. 392 - 4.637). Similarly, the Hp2 allele frequency in ACS groups was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (0. 759 vs. 0. 616, P =0.001; OR = 1. 965,95% CI 1. 316 ～2. 934). Conclusion The Hp2-2 genotype is associated with ACS in Chinese. Hp2-2 genotype may be an independent risk factor to ACS, and Hp2 allele may be a genetic susceptibility factor to ACS in Chinese.     

组织谐波成像在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用--与冠状动脉造影对照研究

目的 探讨组织谐波成像(THI)技术在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用价值。方法 分析经THI及冠状动脉造影检查的101例急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料。结果 图像满意和较满意率达96．0％。THI对急性心肌梗死检出率为91．1％。THI与心电图估测心肌梗死部位及范围基本一致。THI估测心肌梗死部位与冠状动脉造影所示梗死相关动脉供血区域基本相符(准确率87．1％)，其中以检出左前降支病变所致心肌梗死的准确率最高(96．8％)；下壁、后壁或右室梗死常合并其他部位心肌梗死，较易漏诊。结论 THI是检测急性心肌梗死敏感而准确的方法，可与心电图相互印证、相互补充。检查中应特别注意有无合并下壁、后壁或右室梗死，以免漏诊。     

PLK1和P53蛋白在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及其意义

目的检测POLO样蛋白激酶1(PLK1)和P53蛋白在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达,探讨其与患者预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测20例正常卵巢组织、19例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤组织和52例卵巢上皮性癌组织中PLK1和P53蛋白的表达情况,分析其与卵巢癌临床病理指标的关系及二者在卵巢癌组织中表达的相关性,单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响卵巢癌患者预后的危险因素,Kaplan-Meier法分析PLK1和P53表达与卵巢癌患者预后的关系。结果 PLK1和P53在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达分别为38.5%和67.3%,显著高于良性肿瘤和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。在卵巢上皮性癌中,PLK1和P53异常高表达与临床分期和组织分化相关,临床分期越晚、组织分化越差的癌组织中PLK1和P53蛋白表达越高(P<0.05);PLK1蛋白的表达与P53蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.629,P=0.000)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示PLK1、P53、临床分期、组织分化和淋巴结转移是影响卵巢癌患者预后的因素,多因素Logistic回归分析显示仅PLK1是影响卵巢癌患者预后的独立因素(OR=2.288,P=0.025,95%CI:0.105⁵0.050)。与其他患者相比,PLK1表达阳性同时P53表达阳性的卵巢癌患者,生存期最短(?2=17.246,P=0.037)。结论 PLK1和P53共同参与了卵巢癌的发生发展,PLK1可作为判断卵巢癌患者预后的标志物。     

利多卡因对卵巢癌细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响及相关分子机制研究

目的 探讨利多卡因对卵巢癌细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响及相关分子机制.方法 对数生长期的SKOV-3细胞按随机数字表法分为3组-对照组、低浓度组与高浓度组.低浓度组与高浓度组分别用终浓度为0.1、1.0 mmol/L利多卡因处理SKOV-3细胞,对照组只用完全培养液进行培养.处理后24 h与36 h,采用CCK-8法检测细...     

Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of grayscale typical ultrasonographic patterns for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver agreement for identifying ovarian malignancy using typical grayscale ultrasonographic patterns. Digitally stored grayscale sonographic images from a random sample of 98 women with an adnexal mass submitted to surgery after a grayscale transvaginal sonography were evaluated by five different examiners with different degrees of experience in three European university departments of obstetrics and gynecology. Masses in which the echo features were highly characteristic of a benign pathology were categorized as benign. Any cystic mass containing excrescences, thick septations, multiple irregular septations or solid component in which the echo architecture was not highly suggestive of benign histology was categorized as malignant. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement according to the level of experience were assessed by calculating the kappa index. Of the 98 cases randomly selected, 28 (29%) were malignant masses and 70 (71%) were benign. Intraobserver agreement was good or very good for all examiners with different degrees of experience (kappa = 0.72 to 1). Interobserver agreement was good for all expert operators (kappa = 0.69 to 0.75). Interobserver agreement between experts and highly experienced operators was moderate or good (kappa = 0.51 to 0.63). Interobserver agreement between the moderately experienced operator and experts was fair to moderate (kappa = 0.29 to 0.46). Interobserver agreement between moderately and highly experienced operators was fair (kappa = 0.33). Our results indicate that ultrasonographic malignant patterns are reproducible, even in moderately experienced examiners, although more experience is associated with better interobserver agreement.     

Tolerability and feasibility of eptifibatide in acute coronary syndrome in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease: A retrospective analysis

Background:

Despite the beneficial effects of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), GP IIb/IIIa antagonists are rarely administered in general internal medicine wards in Israel, where most patients with UA/ NSTEMI are admitted, due to lack of adequate monitoring and safety concerns.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of bleeding complications in patients with UA/NSTEMI receiving combination treatment with eptifibatide (a GP IIb/IIIa antagonist), the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) versus that in patients receiving enoxaparin and ASA in internal medicine wards in Israel, and to identify risk factors for bleeding complications.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis included information from the database at Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. The database provided information from 4 of the 5 wards (the ward from which data were unavailable did not routinely use eptifibatide). Data were included from patients aged ≥l.8 years who were admitted to the center with a diagnosis of UA/NSTEMI, were at high risk for death and/or nonfatal ischemic events based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, were to undergo coronary intervention, and who had a Thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction risk score ≥3 (moderate to high risk). Patients in the eptifibatide group received eptifibatide IV (180-μg/kg bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 2 μg/kg · min up to 72 hours), enoxaparin SC (2 mg/kg · d), and ASA (100 mg/d). Patients in the control group received enoxaparin SC (2 mg/kg - d up to 96 hours) and ASA (100 mg/d). The prevalence of bleeding events was assessed using data up to 24 hours after the end of study drug administration. Major bleeding was defined as life-threatening bleeding at any site, intracranial hemorrhage, or bleeding accompanied by a decrease in plasma hemoglobin concentration of 5 g/dL or more. Otherwise, bleeding was considered minor. The risk for bleeding events was assessed using multivariate regression analysis.

Results:

Data from 105 patients (64 men, 41 women) were included in the analysis. In the eptifibatide and control groups, the mean (SD) ages were 68.7 (11.1) and 74.8 (11.0) years, respectively. These characteristics were statistically similar between the 2 groups. The rates of major bleeding were similar between the eptifibatide and control groups (2 [3.8%] vs 0 patients). The rate of minor bleeding was significantly higher in the eptifibatide group compared with that in controls (11 [21.2%] vs 4 [7.5%] patients; P = 0.03). The incidence of thrombocytopenia was statistically similar between the eptifibatide and control groups (0 vs 2 [3.8%] patients). The risk for bleeding was found to be associated with eptifibatide use (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.29-17.80), whereas an association with treatment was not found in the control group.

Conclusion:

The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that the risk for bleeding complications is higher with combination treatment with eptifibatide, enoxaparin, and ASA compared with that with enoxaparin and ASA in high-risk patients with UA/NSTEMI admitted to internal medicine wards in Israel.     

卵巢癌与宫颈癌放射治疗中CT诊断的临床应用价值研究

目的:探讨CT诊断在卵巢癌与宫颈癌放射治疗中的的应用价值;方法:选择卵巢癌患者40例、宫颈癌患者60例,分别进行CT诊断,比较CT检查分期与手术病例分期的差异;结果:卵巢癌患者CT检查结果显示,浆液性囊腺癌25例,卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤与库肯勃瘤各2例,粘液性囊腺癌9例,1例未检出,1例交界性囊腺癌。FIGO分期中I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV期分别为1、11、21、6例。宫颈癌CT检查结果显示,鳞癌、腺癌、腺鳞癌分别34、15、11例,FIGO分期中I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV期分别为2、15、20、21例。放射治疗前后患者CT分期结果与手术病理分期结果无明显差异(P>0.05);结论:CT检查能够有效的诊断卵巢癌与宫颈癌,并准确FIGO分期,为临床治疗方案的制定提供了依据。     

BRCA基因突变卵巢癌的治疗进展

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统肿瘤中最为致命的恶性肿瘤,大多在晚期被诊断出来,这在很大程度上导致了卵巢癌的预后不佳。乳腺癌易感基因(breast cancer susceptibility genes,BRCA)是一种重要的DNA同源修复基因,在正常的细胞DNA修复机制中起主要作用,其突变会导致同源重组缺陷,从而影响基因组的稳定...     

Ferritin and other acute phase proteins in various forms of coronary heart disease

The purpose of the study was to determine clinical importance of high serum levels of ferritin, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with various forms of coronary heart disease (CHD) such as stable angina, painless myocardial ischemia (PMI) and instable angina (IA). The subjects of the study were 60 patients with CHD, whose clinical variant (stable angina, PMI or IA) had been determined by stress echocardiography. The control group consisted of 20 patients, not suffering from CHD, but having cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, male gender, obesity, elderly age). All patients underwent routine clinical examination and biochemical blood tests. Serum levels of CRP, fibrinogen and ferritin were highest in the patients with IA and significantly differed from those in the control group. The difference in serum iron levels and total iron-binding capacity in serum (TIBC) between the groups were insignificant. Correlations between serum level of iron, TIBC and ferritin level were found neither in CHD patients (r = 0.1) nor in the control group (r = 0.15). No correlation between serum level of ferritin and CRP level was observed in the control group, but in all CHD groups this correlation was significant. The strongest correlation between these values was observed in the patients with IA. Besides, correlations between serum levels of ferritin and CRP (r = 0.46, p < 0.02) and between ferritin and fibrinogen levels (r = 0.39, p < 0.05) were found in the patients with IA. In patients with CHD, especially those who have IA, serum ferritin should be considered among acute phase proteins, reflecting destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque.     

三氧化二砷诱导卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞凋亡的作用和机制

目的观察三氧化二砷(ATO)诱导人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞的凋亡作用和凋亡通路分子caspase 3、PARP,凋亡相关蛋白p-AKT、AKT蛋白表达的变化。方法分别用不同剂量的三氧化二砷作用人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞,应用MTT比色法检测培养48 h的细胞存活率,应用流式细胞仪测定培养48 h细胞凋亡的变化,免疫印迹法检测凋亡蛋白caspase 3、PARP和凋亡相关蛋白p-AKT、AKT的表达情况。结果 MTT示三氧化二砷能明显抑制SKOV3细胞增殖;流式细胞术显示三氧化二砷诱导SKOV3细胞凋亡,且具有明显的剂量依赖性;Western blotting检测发现药物能显著下调caspase 3、PARP、p-AKT的表达水平。结论三氧化二砷能显著抑制人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,激活凋亡通路分子caspase 3、PARP,下调p-AKT蛋白表达水平,这可能是三氧化二砷诱导人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3细胞凋亡的作用机制。     

卵巢恶性肿瘤风险计算法在预测盆腔包块患者卵巢癌风险中的价值

目的探讨卵巢恶性肿瘤风险计算法(ROMA)在预测盆腔包块患者卵巢癌风险中的价值。方法选择盆腔包块的女性共278例,检测血清癌抗原125(CA125)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)水平,ROMA评估卵巢癌发生风险,比较诊断效能。结果 ROMA在卵巢癌和良性盆腔包块的诊断效能优于HE4,其灵敏度68.33%,特异度98.02%,阳性预测值91.11%,阴性预测值91.24%,约登指数0.66,ROC曲线下面积0.781。结论 ROMA在盆腔包块的良恶性鉴别诊断上较HE4具有更好的应用价值。