Polymorphisms of the IL12B and IL23R genes are associated with psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease with a multifactorial genetic basis. A recent study reported that psoriasis was associated with the IL12B haplotype rs3212227 (3'-untranslated region)-rs6887695 (60 kb, 5') and the IL23R haplotype rs7530511 (L310P)-rs11209026 (Q381R). We examined these four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with psoriasis in two groups of North American and German Caucasians: (1) 1,810 cases and 2,522 controls; and (2) 509 pedigrees. Both IL12B markers showed highly significant association with psoriasis in the case-control (rs3212227, odds ratio (OR)=1.62, P=1.7 x 10(-15); rs6887695, OR=1.49, P=2.7 x 10(-15)) and in the family-based analysis (rs3212227, P=2.2 x 10(-3); rs6887695, P=1.7 x 10(-3)). The IL23R SNPs also showed significant association in the cases and controls (rs7530511, OR=1.22, P=3.9 x 10(-3); rs11209026, OR=1.40, P=3.8 x 10(-4)). For both genes, common risk haplotypes were identified whose statistical significance approached (IL23R) or exceeded (IL12B) genome-wide criteria. We found no statistical evidence for interactions of these haplotypes with HLA-Cw6. Our results confirm associations between IL12B and IL23R and psoriasis in Caucasians, and provide a genetic basis for the clinical association between psoriasis and Crohn's disease.     

Interactions between adiposity and genetic polymorphisms on the risk of psoriasis

Background Adiposity is a known risk factor for psoriasis. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genes associated with risk of psoriasis while the evidence on gene–environment interactions in psoriasis is very sparse. Objectives To investigate the effect modification by adiposity measures on the association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from published GWAS and risk of psoriasis. Methods Our psoriasis GWAS dataset comprised 9194 participants, including 337 individuals with psoriasis and 8857 controls from six GWAS, nested within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and Health Professionals’ Follow‐up Study. Clinician‐diagnosed psoriasis was ascertained with high validity. For stratified analyses, body mass index (BMI) was dichotomized at 25, and waist circumference was dichotomized at 30 (women) and 36 inches (men), while waist–hip ratio (WHR) was dichotomized at 0·8 (women) and 1·0 (men). Results Forty‐one out of 44 previously reported psoriasis‐related SNPs were included in our GWAS datasets. After excluding those with high linkage disequilibrium, 33 remained in the analysis. There were significant interactions between BMI and two SNPs in the IL12B (rs3212227) and IL23R (rs7530511) genes. Further analysis of these two SNPs indicated interactions between rs3212227 and waist circumference or WHR [P for interaction (P_int) < 0·05], but not for rs7530511. These observations were confirmed among participants without type 2 diabetes or coronary heart disease. The interactions remained after simultaneously adjusting for BMI as a continuous variable. In addition, we did not observe a significant main effect for rs7530511. Conclusions The association between a polymorphism in IL12B and psoriasis risk may be modified by measures of overall and central adiposity.     

Genetic variants of the IL-23R pathway: association with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis vulgaris, but no specific risk factor for arthritis

Variants in two genes of the IL-23 receptor (R) pathway have recently been shown to be associated with psoriasis vulgaris (PV). We were interested whether the risk conferred by these variants differs between psoriatic skin and joint disease. Four variants of the IL12B and IL23R genes were analyzed in 1,114 PV patients, 748 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) and 937 healthy controls before and after stratification for the major psoriasis risk allele at psoriasis susceptibility locus 1 (PSORS1). For both PA and PV, we detected the strongest association with two IL12B single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the corresponding haplotype as reflected by minimal P-values of 10(-7) and highest odds ratios of 1.50 (1.28-1.75) for rs6887695 in PA patients and 1.50 (1.27-1.76) for rs3212227 in the PV cohort, respectively. For IL23R, only rs11209026 showed an association. The results remained significant after correction for multiple testing. No difference was observed after stratification for the PSORS1 risk allele. While confirming recent reports on variants of the IL-23R pathway as susceptibility factors for PV, our study is the first to extend analysis of both genes to PA. However, our results indicate that these variants are not specific risk factors for arthritis, but relevant for susceptibility to psoriasis in general.     

TNF,IL12B,and IFNG Gene Polymorphisms in Serbian Patients with Psoriasis

BackgroundPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic basis. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (ILs) such are IL-12 and IL-23, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are released from various inflammatory and resident cells, and have been implicated in the initiation/maintenance of inflammation. Certain alleles of the aforementioned cytokines may be associated with disease susceptibility/severity.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of three common functional gene polymorphisms, namely TNF -308 G/A (rs1800629), IL12B (encoding the p40 subunit of IL-12/23) +1188 A/C (rs3212227), and IFNG +874 T/A (rs2430561) with psoriasis development and severity in Serbian patients.MethodsWe genotyped 130 patients with psoriasis (26 of whom also had psoriatic arthritis) and 259 controls; rs1800629 and rs3212227, and rs2430561, by real-time PCR assay.ResultsThe TNF GG genotype was detected at a higher frequency in patients with psoriasis compared to control subjects (OR, 1.420; 95% CI, 0.870~2.403) without statistical significance (p=0.191). Lack of the TNF G allele was associated with lower psoriasis severity (p=0.007). The IL12B AC genotype was underrepresented in the patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to healthy subjects (OR, 0.308; 95% CI, 0.090~1.057; p=0.049). The distribution of the rs2430561 allele and genotype frequencies was similar between patients with psoriasis and controls.ConclusionOur study demonstrates an effect of the rs1800629 on psoriasis severity, and a marginal impact of the rs3212227 on susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis. Collectively, our results obtained in a Serbian cohort expand current knowledge regarding individual predisposition to psoriatic disease.     

IL-12B和IL-23R基因多态性与中国汉族人银屑病易感性关联研究

目的 探讨中国汉族人群中IL-12B和IL-23R基因多态性与银屑病易感性的关系。方法 在217例银屑病患者和288例正常人对照中,采用DNA直接测序法对IL-12B和IL-23R基因的多态性位点进行基因分型,并将阳性结果在一个更大的包括578例银屑病患者和1422例正常人对照的整合样本群中,使用Taqman探针荧光PCR技术进行重复检验。实验数据进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验、卡方检验、单倍型分析和Logistic回归模型分析。结果 IL-12B rs6887695位点等位基因频率在病例组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义,OR = 1.33（95% CI 1.03 ~ 1.73）,P = 0.028;IL-23R rs11465817和rs1343152位点等位基因频率在病例组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。连锁不平衡分析发现,rs11465817和rs1343152位点之间有一定的连锁不平衡（D′ = 0.744,r2 = 0.281）。对2个位点进行单倍型分析发现,A-A ∶ OR = 2.890,P = 0.0018,提示这一单倍型具有显著的发病风险。结论 IL-12B基因rs6887695多态性与中国汉族人群银屑病易感性相关;IL-23R基因rs11465817、IL-23R基因rs1343152位点多态性与中国汉族人群银屑病易感性无显著相关性,但是,IL-23R基因rs11465817-rs1343152位点A-A单倍型的中国汉族人具有更高的银屑病发病风险。     

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and the clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients

Psoriasis is a common genetic disease characterized by hyperproliferation and disordered maturation of keratinocytes. To date, many association studies between psoriasis and VDR gene have been conducted, but the results are controversial. Furthermore, vitamin D₃ analogue has anti-psoriatic activity; however, the clinical response is variable. This study was conducted to explore whether VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients. A total of 110 patients and 183 controls were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570, rs731236, rs1544410 and rs7975232 by LDR method. SNP-based and haplotype-based association analyses were subsequently performed. Patients with PASI < 3 were treated with calcipotriol ointment monotherapy. After 6 weeks of therapy, the correlations between efficacy and the genotypes of each polymorphism were evaluated. The results showed that for rs7975232, allele A was significantly over-represented in psoriasis patients relative to controls (39.09% vs. 27.05%, OR (95% CI) = 1.731 (1.213-2.471)), and compared with the reference CC genotype, the following ORs were observed: AA genotype OR = 2.404 (95% CI: 1.085-5.328; P = .034) and GA genotype OR = 2.143 (95% CI: 1.283-3.579; P = .005). Haplotype analyses showed that the rs2228570/rs731236/rs1544410/rs7975232 CTGA was significantly over-represented in psoriasis patients compared with controls (OR (95% CI)=1.907 (1.132-3.214); P = .020). Among the patients with PASI < 3, the response rates to calcipotriol were significantly higher in patients with rs7975232 CC genotypes than in those with other genotypes (x² = 9.172, P = .010). These data suggest that VDR polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients.     

Association of IL-12B gene rs6887695 polymorphism with hereditary susceptibility and clinical characterization of psoriasis vulgaris in the Chinese Han population

We aimed to investigate the role of IL-12B gene polymorphism (rs6887695) in the disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of psoriasis vulgaris patients in the Chinese Han population. The genotype data of the IL-12B gene polymorphism (rs6887695) in 575 psoriasis patients and 1,403 normal controls were investigated using TaqMan technology. The Chi-square test was used to compare the genotype and allele frequency distribution among the groups. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs6887695 in the IL-12B gene between the cases and controls, as well as between the guttate and plaque psoriasis cases, were statistically significant (P _genotype <0.01, P _allele <0.01). However, the differences between the pediatric and adult onset psoriasis patients, between familial and sporadic cases, and between female and male cases were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The genetic polymorphism of the IL-12B gene (rs6887695) may be associated with the psoriasis susceptibility in the Chinese Han population, especially for the plaque cases, but not associated with the age at onset, family history, or sex.     

内蒙古蒙古族和汉族人群白细胞介素12通路相关基因多态性与寻常型银屑病相关性及与HLA-Cw*0602交互作用研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨白细胞介素12（IL-12）通路相关基因多态性与内蒙古蒙古族和汉族寻常型银屑病患者的遗传相关性及与HLA-Cw*0602的交互作用。方法 收集2012年12月至2018年3月于内蒙古医科大学附属医院住院的寻常型银屑病患者1 409例为病例组,其中汉族1 030例,蒙古族379例,健康对照组1 483例,其中汉族965例,蒙古族518例。采集受试者外周静脉血5 ml提取DNA,选择位于IL-12B（rs2082412、rs2288831、rs3212227、rs3213094、rs7709212）、IL-23R（rs11209026、rs2201841、rs7530511）、IL-28RA（rs4649203）基因区域的9个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,利用二代测序法进行基因多态性检测,利用序列特异性引物PCR对HLA-Cw*0602进行基因分型。利用PLINK1.07软件进行统计分析,χ2检验比较两组等位基因频率,并计算等位基因的相对危险度估计值比值比（OR）,R × C列联表卡方检验进行单倍型分析。结果 IL-12B基因rs2082412、rs2288831、rs3212227、rs3213094、rs7709212等位基因频率在汉族病例组显著低于汉族对照组（P < 0.005）;IL-12B基因rs3213094等位基因频率在蒙古族病例组显著低于蒙古族对照组（P < 0.005）。汉族和蒙古族病例组HLA-Cw*0602阳性率均显著高于相应民族对照组（P < 0.005）。分层分析显示,汉族HLA-Cw*0602阳性病例组IL-12B基因rs2082412、rs2288831、rs3212227、rs3213094、rs7709212等位基因频率显著低于汉族对照组（P < 0.005）,而阴性病例组与汉族对照组各等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。蒙古族HLA-Cw*0602阳性或阴性病例组各等位基因频率与相应对照组差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.005）。分析IL-12B基因区域的5个SNP构建单倍型,在汉族、蒙古族病例组和对照组中6个单倍型分析差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.005）。基于HLA-Cw*0602分层的IL-12B基因多态性单倍型分析,蒙古族、汉族7个单倍型无论HLA-Cw*0602阳性和阴性病例组及对照组中的频率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.005）。HLA-Cw*0602阳性和阴性蒙古族病例组和对照组,单倍型GATGT频率在两组间差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 IL-12通路相关基因多态性与内蒙古蒙古族、汉族人群寻常型银屑病具有相关性,且IL-12B与HLA-Cw*0602在寻常型银屑病发病过程中可能存在交互作用。     

Variants in MHC, LCE and IL12B have epistatic effects on psoriasis risk in Chinese population

Background

Psoriasis has long been considered as a complex disease, and gene-gene or gene-environment interactions may jointly influence the etiology for psoriasis.

Objective

We evaluated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MHC region, and determined the epistasis and combined effects of MHC locus and IL12B, LCE on risk for psoriasis.

Methods

We genotyped SNP rs1265181 (MHC) in 5067 cases and 6404 controls, combining with the prior GWAS data (1139 cases and 1132 controls), we explored the genetic interaction among MHC locus, LCE and IL12B by using logistic regression analysis. We evaluated the combined effects of MHC locus and two non-MHC loci in the combined sample of 6206 cases and 7536 controls.

Results

Extremely high significance of association was detected between rs1265181 and psoriasis (p combined <10E−300, OR = 16.52, 95% CI: 15.28-18.44). We observed significant interactions between MHC and LCE (p = 0.0016) and between MHC and IL12B (p = 0.0036). The risk increased some 26-fold in individuals with risk alleles in both MHC and LCE as compared with those without risk alleles, and individual carrying risk alleles of MHC and IL12B has around 36-fold higher risk of psoriasis than those with protective alleles.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for the epistatic effects between MHC locus and LCE, IL12B genes. Besides, we suggest that MHC might be the main effect gene on the risk for psoriasis. This data may contribute to our understanding of psoriasis genetic interactions and account for the additional risk of certain patients to develop psoriasis.     

Genetic support for the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility

NACHT leucine‐rich repeat‐ and PYD‐containing (NLRP)3 protein controls the inflammasome by regulating caspase‐1 activity and interleukin (IL)‐1β processing. The contribution of IL‐1β in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is well recognized. Polymorphisms in NLRP3 and caspase recruitment domain–containing protein (CARD)8, a negative regulator of caspase‐1 activity, have been associated with susceptibility to common inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate the role for genetic variants in the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility. In a patient sample comprising 1988 individuals from 491 families and 1002 healthy controls, genotypes for four selected single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NLRP3 (three SNPs) and CARD8 (one SNP) were determined by TaqMan^® Allelic Discrimination. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), a significant increase in the transmission of the NLRP3 rs10733113G genotype to a subgroup of patients with more widespread psoriasis was demonstrated (P = 0.015). Using logistic regression analysis in 741 patients with psoriasis and 1002 controls, the CARD8 rs2043211 genotype was significantly different in cases and controls in overall terms [OR 1.3 (1.1–1.5), P = 0.004] and for both genders. Our data support the hypothesis that the inflammasome plays a role in psoriasis susceptibility.     

Investigation of 20 non‐HLA (human leucocyte antigen) psoriasis susceptibility loci in Chinese patients with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis vulgaris

Background Recently, a number of non‐HLA (human leucocyte antigen) psoriasis genetic susceptibility loci have been identified through genome‐wide association studies, but data on their association with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are lacking. Objectives To investigate recently identified psoriasis susceptibility loci in a cohort of Chinese patients with PsA, psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and healthy controls. Methods Twenty single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 20 loci were selected for genotyping in 379 patients with PsA, 595 patients with PsV and 1181 healthy controls using the MassARRAY platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.). Data handling, quality control and association were performed using PLINK software, v. 1.07. The Cochran–Armitage trend test was used to test the genotype–phenotype association. Results PsA showed a significant association with markers at TNIP1 (rs17728338, P = 2·20 × 10^?8), IL28RA (rs4649203, P = 5·04 × 10^?6), IL12B (rs2082412, P = 3·82 × 10^?5), ERAP1 (rs27524, P = 1·25 × 10^?3), PTTG1 (rs2431697, P = 1·22 × 10^?3) and GJB2 (rs3751385, P = 1·48 × 10^?3) when compared with the control group. In PsV a significant association was found for IL28RA (rs4649203, P = 9·53 × 10^?7), TNIP1 (rs17728338, P = 1·21 × 10^?4) and ERAP1 (rs27524, P = 1·17 × 10^?3). The allele frequencies were not statistically different between PsA and PsV except for SNPs at IL12B and ZNF816A with a nominal P‐value of 0·04 and 0·01, respectively. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the involvement of ERAP1, IL28RA, GJB2 and PTTG1 loci in PsA susceptibility and confirmed the previously reported association with PsA and PsV. These results support the hypothesis that genetic aetiology of psoriasis is the same in both PsA and PsV and also support the higher genetic component of PsA than PsV.     

Genome‐wide association study of psoriasis in an Egyptian population

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, with genetic factors reportedly involved in the disease pathogenesis. Numerous studies reported psoriasis candidate genes. However, these tend to involve mostly in the European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in an Egyptian population, identifying susceptibility variants for psoriasis using a two‐stage case‐control design. In the first discovery stage, we carried out a genome‐wide association analysis using the Infinium^® Global Screening Array‐24 v1.0, on 253 cases and 449 control samples of Egyptian descent. In the second replication stage, 26 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for replication in additional 321 cases and 253 controls. In concordance with the findings from previous studies on other populations, we found a genome‐wide significant association between the MHC locus and the disease at rs12199223 (P_comb = 6.57 × 10^?18) and rs1265181 (P_comb = 1.03 × 10^?10). Additionally, we identified a novel significant association with the disease at locus, 4q32.1 (rs12650590, P_comb = 4.49 × 10^?08) in the vicinity of gene GUCY1A3, and multiple suggestive associations, for example rs10832027 (P_comb = 7.28 × 10^?06) and rs3770019 (P_comb = 1.02 × 10^?05). This proposes the existence of important interethnic genetic differences in psoriasis susceptibility. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the downstream pathways of the new candidate loci.     

Open-label study of the efficacy and safety of topical treatment with TDT 067 (terbinafine in Transfersome®) in patients with onychomycosis

Background Alopecia areata (AA) is the second most common cause of hair loss in humans, and has a genetically complex inheritance. The hypothesis that AA is autoimmune in nature is supported by previous studies. These report an association with specific HLA alleles, as well as genetic variants of other genes implicated in autoimmunity, such as various cytokine genes. However, these cannot yet be considered proven susceptibility loci, as many of these association findings were derived from small patient samples. Objectives To investigate the association between AA and selected cytokine genes using a sample of 768 patients with AA and 658 controls of Central European origin. Methods Eleven single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from cytokine genes implicated in previous AA studies were genotyped. These genes were IL1B, IL1A, IL1RN, MIF, IFNG and the TNF/LTA gene region. We also genotyped 15 SNPs selected from cytokine genes that have shown significant association with other autoimmune diseases. These genes were IL10, IL36RN, IL12B, IL6, IL2, IL23, IL2RA and IL4R. Results Significant association was found for two variants within both IL2RA and TNF/LTA. In the overall sample, the most significant results were obtained for the IL2RA variant rs706778 (P = 0·00038) and the TNF/LTA locus variant rs1800629 (P = 0·0017). In subgroup analyses, according to severity, age at onset and family history these effects were stronger in the severely affected patients, with the lowest P‐values being obtained for rs706778 (P = 3·8 × 10^?6). Conclusions Our results point to the involvement of IL2RA and the TNF/LTA region in the aetiology of AA, in particular severe AA, and provide further support for the hypothesis that AA is autoimmune in nature.     

Paediatric-onset psoriasis is associated with ERAP1 and IL23R loci, LCE3C_LCE3B deletion and HLA-C*06

Summary Background Recent genome‐wide association studies have identified several genetic risk factors for psoriasis, but data on their association with age at onset are lacking. Objectives To compare the association between known risk alleles and psoriasis in well‐defined cohorts with paediatric‐ and adult‐onset psoriasis. Methods Based on previous studies we selected seven genes and loci associated with psoriasis. Patients with paediatric‐onset (< 18 years) and adult‐onset psoriasis (≥ 18 years) and controls were genotyped. Genotype frequencies were compared between controls (n = 450) and all cases (n = 217), and between controls and cases stratified for confirmed age at onset (paediatric onset n = 80, adult onset n = 85). Results Paediatric‐onset psoriasis showed a significant association with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ERAP1 (P = 0·042) and IL23R loci (P = 0·042), LCE3C_LCE3B‐del (P = 0·003) and HLA‐C*06 (P = 1·72 × 10^?19) when compared with the control group. A significant association of these four genes was also demonstrated when all psoriasis cases were compared with controls. In adult‐onset psoriasis a significant association was found for HLA‐C*06 (P = 5·11 × 10^?6) and for LCE3C_LCE3B‐del (P = 0·042). No associations were found for the IFIH1, IL12B and TRAF3IP2 loci. Conclusions Notwithstanding the small cohort sizes, we demonstrated an association with established and recently discovered genetic risk factors in paediatric‐onset psoriasis including genes involved in epidermal barrier function and adaptive immunity. Our data suggest that heritable factors may play a more important role in paediatric‐onset psoriasis than in adult‐onset psoriasis.     

Metabolic syndrome and psoriasis severity in South‐East Asian patients: An investigation of potential association using current and chronological assessments

Although studies regarding prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Asian psoriatic patients are limited and show varying results, a previous report describes a significant increase in prevalence of MS in Thai psoriatic patients, as compared with rates in the general population. However, no significant association between MS and psoriasis severity using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was found, which differs from the findings of Korean and Japanese studies. This study aimed at re‐evaluating the association between MS and psoriasis severity in Thai patients using current assessment (PASI) and chronological assessment (historical course and interventions). A total of 273 psoriatic patients were recruited. After controlling for age and sex, 96 patients were assigned to the MS group and 96 patients to the non‐MS group. Similar to the previous study, no significant differences were identified between metabolic and non‐metabolic patients regarding PASI, age of onset, disease duration and family history of psoriasis. However, the numbers of hospitalizations (P = 0.018) and interventions (P = 0.028) were significantly higher in metabolic patients than in non‐metabolic patients. Further, a greater number of metabolic components was significantly associated with a higher number of hospitalizations (P = 0.012), pustular or erythrodermic psoriasis episodes (P = 0.049), and interventions (P = 0.005). Body mass index of 23 kg/m² or more, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of treatment failure. Using chronological assessment, our study supported that MS negatively affects psoriasis severity and treatment outcomes. Screening for MS is highly recommended for psoriatic patients.     

白介素12B基因rs6887695多态性与汉族人寻常性银屑病临床表型的相关性

目的 探讨白介素12B（IL-12B）基因多态性位点rs6887695与汉族人寻常性银屑病临床表型（发病年龄、家族史、临床类型、性别）的相关性。 方法　采用ABI Taqman探针荧光PCR技术,对575例寻常性银屑病患者和1403例健康对照的DNA样本进行IL-12B基因多态位点rs6887695的基因分型。使用SPSS14.0分析软件,χ2检验比较患者组和健康对照组间、不同临床表型组间的基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异性。 结果 IL-12B基因多态性位点rs6887695三种基因型（GG、GC、CC）频率在寻常性银屑病患者组分别为42.61%、45.39%和12.0%,健康对照组分别为34.42%、47.83%和17.75%;等位基因频率（G、C）患者组分别为65.30%和34.70%,健康对照组分别为58.34%和41.66%,基因型和等位基因频率分布在患者组和健康对照组间差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为16.31和16.54,P值均 < 0.01）,在慢性斑块状（543例）和急性滴状银屑病患者（32例）组间的差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为18.11和12.19,P值均 < 0.01）。等位基因G和基因型GG在患者组中的频率明显高于健康对照组,等位基因G和基因型GG在斑块状患者中的频率高于滴状患者。少儿发病组（35例）与成人发病组（540例）、家族史阳性组（102例）与家族史阴性组（440例）、男性患者组（341例）与女性患者组（234例）的基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P值均 > 0.05）。 结论 IL-12B（rs6887695）基因多态性与汉族人寻常性银屑病易感性相关联,特别是与斑块状银屑病相关,但与患者的发病年龄、家族史及性别可能无关联。     

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 promoter variability in psoriasis

The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was observed to be significantly upregulated in psoriasis. The aim of this study was to associate the DNA polymorphic variants in MMP-2 promoter gene with psoriasis and/or with psoriasis phenotypes related to psoriasis and comorbid heredity. In the total of 582 Czech Caucasian individuals (386 patients with psoriasis and 196 controls of similar age and sex distribution without personal or family history of chronic disease of the skin), four MMP-2 promoter polymorphisms (−1575G/A, −1306C/T, −790T/G and −735C/T) were detected by PCR methods. A significant association of GG genotype of −790 MMP-2 polymorphism with psoriasis was observed (Pcorr = 0.04). Although no significant case–control differences in frequency of associated GG(−1575)CC(−1306)TT(−790) MMP-2 promoter genotype were observed, the genotype was found to be significantly less frequent in patients with family history of psoriasis (close as well as distant), family history of diabetes and personal history of allergy (2/11 vs. 55/32, odds ratio (OR) for GGCCTT 0.11, 95% confidential interval 0.02–0.50, Pcorr = 0.01). The significant difference between psoriatic patients with positive anamnestic data on diabetes, psoriasis and allergy compared with psoriatic patients that have only positive family history of diabetes was also observed (2/11 vs. 38/31, P = 0.009, Pcorr = 0.04; OR 0.15, 95% CI = 0.03–0.72 for psoriatic patients with GGCCTT genotype and family history of psoriasis, diabetes and personal history of allergy). To conclude, the associated GGCCTT genotype in the promoter of MMP-2 gene was less frequent in patients with positive family history of psoriasis, diabetes and personal history of allergy compared with psoriatic patients without them (2/11 vs. 68/57, P = 0.007, Pcorr = 0.04; OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.03–0.72 for psoriatic patients with family history of psoriasis and diabetes and with allergy). Based on our results, we suggest that the MMP-2 located in the psoriasis susceptibility region on 16q (psoriasis susceptibility 8, PSORS8) should be considered as a gene modulator of psoriasis in specific subgroups of patients. In the future, similar genetic characteristics could contribute to the data assembly of genetic predisposition to psoriasis and could lead to therapy improvement based on time-proved individual pharmacogenetic aspects detected in psoriasis patients.     

Deletion of the activating NKG2C receptor and a functional polymorphism in its ligand HLA‐E in psoriasis susceptibility

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, immune‐mediated disease of the skin. Several studies have suggested that natural killer (NK) cells and their receptors may be important for its pathogenesis. Here, we examined whether deletion of the activating natural killer receptor gene NKG2C, which has a frequency of 20% in the European population, was associated with psoriasis susceptibility. The NKG2C deletion and a functional polymorphism in its ligand HLA‐E were genotyped in a Caucasian cohort of 611 psoriasis cases and 493 controls. We found that the NKG2C deletion was significantly increased in cases compared with controls [0.258 vs 0.200, P = 0.0012, OR = 1.43 (1.15–1.79)]. The low‐expressing HLA‐E*01:01 allele was associated with psoriasis (P = 0.0018), although this association was dependent on HLA‐C. Our findings support a potential immunoregulatory role for NK cells in psoriasis and suggest the importance of future studies to investigate the contribution of NK cells and their regulatory receptors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.     

Promoter polymorphisms of the HLA-G gene, but not the HLA-E and HLA-F genes, is associated with non-segmental vitiligo patients in the Korean population

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not promoter polymorphisms of the class I major histocompatibility complex (HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G) are associated with susceptibility to vitiligo. To identify a possible association with vitiligo, 241 patients with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) and 395 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Three promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1264459 of HLA-E, rs9258170 of HLA-F, and rs1736936 of HLA-G) were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and direct sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models (co-dominant 1, co-dominant 2, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models) were applied for odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values. To obtain the defined results, P values were recalculated by a Bonferroni correction. After the Bonferroni correction, the genotype of the SNP (rs1736936) of HLA-G was shown to have significant association with NSV (P = 0.045 in the recessive model). The genotype frequencies of the HLA-G SNP (rs1736936) had a significant correlation with the age of onset of NSV (P = 0.016 in the co-dominant 1 model and P = 0.027 in the dominant model). Our results suggest that HLA-G, but not HLA-E and HLA-F, may be associated with susceptibility to NSV in the Korean population.     

IL6 −174G>C polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis but not response to treatment

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis as well as in its treatment efficacy. The aim of this study of 406 patients with psoriasis and 203 healthy controls was to evaluate the association between the IL6 ?174G>C (rs1800795) polymorphism and psoriasis susceptibility, as well as treatment efficacy. The frequency of genotype GG (33.7% vs 20.7%; P = 0.00022; OR = 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.76) and of allele G (56.2% vs 46.8%; P = 0.0023) was significantly higher in the psoriasis group compared with controls. No polymorphism variants were associated with better response to topical or combined topical/narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) treatment. We conclude that the IL6 ?174G>C polymorphism can be a marker of susceptibility to psoriasis, with an almost twofold increased risk of the disease in individuals carrying the GG genotype; however, it was not associated with treatment response to topical and/or NB‐UVB therapy.