兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的体外培养及其生物学特性

目的 :研究体外培养的新西兰白兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的生物学特性。　方法 :采用组织块培养法 ,对兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞进行活细胞观察 ,并测定其细胞生长曲线、贴壁率、细胞分裂指数。　结果 :①兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞为梭形 ,呈长轴平行排列 ,具有明显的方向性 ;②体外贴壁快 ,生长迅速 ,体外培养的阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞在合适的传代条件和比例下能够生存并保持其稳定的生物学特性。　结论 :体外培养的兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞模型可用于检测某些药物对阴茎勃起的影响。     

人阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞三维培养模型的建立

目的 观察人阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞(hCCMCs)在三维培养系统中的生物学特性.方法 体外分离hCCMCs,并用差速贴壁法进行纯化.免疫组化的方法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达,进行hCCMCs的鉴定.在单层贴壁培养的基础上,将hCCMCs在胶原凝胶中培养,形成三维培养系统,并对hCCMCs的形态结构、增殖情况进行研究.结果 原代培养的hCCMCs细胞形态不均一,经过差速贴壁法纯化后,细胞形态均一,免疫组化显示大多数细胞α-SMA阳性表达.三维培养系统中,hCCMCs在不同层面上呈三维生长.hCCMCs在三维培养系统中培养10d后,细胞数量无明显增殖(P>O.05),明显低于贴壁培养条件下细胞增殖速率(P<0.01).结论 hCCMCs三维培养系统可以观察hCCMCs在三维条件下的生长、增殖状况,研究hCCMCs与微环境的相互作用关系,有望为相关研究找到一种更为简单、可控性更强的体内实验替代方法.     

阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的鉴定分析进展

勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)是一种多因素引起的男科难治性疾病[1],严重影响患者的整体健康和生活质量[2].阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞(CSMC)是组成阴茎海绵体的主要功能成分,约占整个阴茎组织成分的40%～50%,是阴茎神经调控的主要效应器部位[3,4],因此也成为调节阴茎勃起及维持勃起的重要因素.从这意义上来讲,CSMC的研究显得尤为重要,而CSMC的培养和鉴定是这研究的基础,因此CSMC纯化鉴定在细胞水平上研究ED的机制颇受到关注,本文就体外培养的CMSC鉴定分析做一综述.     

家兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞体外培养方法对比研究

目的　探索更好、更方便的家兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞体外培养方法。方法　分别采用组织块法、酶消化法、组织块 酶消化法对家兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞进行培养 ,在倒置显微镜下对培养过程的细胞分别作了生长情况及形态学观察。用HE染色、MTT法分别描绘原代培养细胞的生长曲线、细胞分裂指数曲线 ;用倒置显微镜观察活细胞的贴壁过程 ,计数法测定细胞贴壁率。结果　组织块法及酶消化法培养的细胞其生长状况和形态学各有自己的特点。组织块法的细胞生长慢 ,培养时间相对较长 ,纯度相对较高 ,原代培养细胞生长速度快 ,但由于该法消化时间不易掌握 ,常影响其成功率 ,多数细胞呈梭形 ,细胞的密度高 ,原代培养时间为 7～ 10d。结论　每种培养方法都有各自的优缺点。我们可根据实验的需要而选择不同的方法或联合培养     

兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的体外培养及其生物学特性

目的；研究体外培养的新西兰白兔阴茎海绵体平滑纲细胞的生物学特性。方法：采用组织块培养法，对兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞进行活细胞观察，并测定其细胞生长曲线，贴壁率，细胞分裂指数。结果：（1）兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞为梭形，呈长轴平行排列，具有明显的方向性；（2）体外贴壁快，生长迅速，体外培养的阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞在合适的传代条件和比例下能够生存并保持其稳定的生物学特性。结论：体外培养的兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞模型可用于检测某些药物对阴茎勃起的影响。     

兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的快速分离及鉴定

目的探讨兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞快速分离方法,为应用膜片钳技术研究阴茎勃起机制提供实验材料.方法采用木瓜蛋白酶和胶原酶两步酶解消化法,快速分离出新西兰大白兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞并应用免疫组化鉴定.结果分离的细胞成活率较高,贴壁呈长梭形,胞膜光滑完整,胞浆均匀,可用于膜片钳记录.免疫组化鉴定为兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞.结论酶解消化快速分离兔阴茎海綿体平滑肌细胞为全细胞膜片钳技术研究阴茎勃起功能障碍的电生理机制提供了较好的实验材料.     

海绵体平滑肌细胞的体外培养的研究

外生殖器(主要指雄性的阴茎,雌性的阴蒂)勃起是性生活的重要一环,海绵体平滑肌是勃起的重要因素,大多数的勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)与组织细胞的功能改变密切相关。目前的研究纷纷将海绵体平滑肌细胞(smooth muscle     

酶消化差速贴壁法分离培养老年ED大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的研究

目的 探索培养老年勃起功能障碍(ED)大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞(SMCs)生物学特性稳定、细胞纯度高、简单易行的一种新方法. 方法 电生理仪检测24月龄雄性大鼠阴茎海绵体压力和平均动脉压比值(ICP/MAP)来评价阴茎勃起功能,从而选择老年ED大鼠.分别采用组织块法、酶消化法和酶消化差速贴壁法分离培养24月龄ED大鼠SMCs;采用存活率、生长曲线、相差显微镜和HE染色等,比较不同方法培养SMCs的生物学特性;免疫组化、免疫荧光和流式细胞仪通过检测α-SM-actin、Myosin和Desmin的阳性率来鉴定SMCs,并比较不同方法培养SMCs的纯度. 结果 ICP/MAP低于0.45入选老年ED大鼠组.细胞存活率提示酶消化法和组织块法存活率分别为93%和90%,酶消化差速贴壁法显著增加到99%(P＜0.05);生长曲线提示酶消化差速贴壁法细胞数量在第5～7天也显著增加(P＜0.05);酶消化差速贴壁法培养细胞在相差显微镜和HE染色下形态基本一致,呈梭形生长.免疫组化、免疫荧光和流式鉴定是SMCs,组织块法和酶消化法原代培养的SMCs纯度平均分别为45%和82%,酶消化差速贴壁法SMCs纯度显著增加到98%(P＜0.05).α-SM-actin、Myosin和Desmin在SMCs中有大量表达,在11代以内SMCs纯度维持较高水平(95%以上). 结论 酶消化差速贴壁法快速简便,可在一定范围内提高SMCs纯度;用此法培养的SMCs,生物学特性稳定,细胞纯度高,为建立SMCs细胞株奠定基础.     

兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞的体外培养方法及生物学特性

目的：探索新西兰白兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞的体外培养方法及生物学特性。方法：取兔阴蒂海绵体，采用酶消化法进行平滑肌细胞体外培养；在倒置显微镜下观察培养细胞的生长状况、形态特征及贴壁过程；用计数法测定细胞贴壁率；用MTT法描绘原代培养细胞的生长曲线；利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)方法检测平滑肌细胞特征性标记物α-actin表达。结果：培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞具有典型的平滑肌细胞形态特征，为梭形，呈长轴平行排列，具有明显的方向性；体外贴壁快，生长迅速，体外培养的阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞在合适的传代条件和比例下能够生存并保持其稳定的生物学特性。结论：体外培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞模型可用于进一步研究阴蒂组织细胞学、分子生物学机制以及受体介导的平滑肌收缩信号转导机制及药理学作用等。     

阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞表型转化及其影响因子的研究进展

阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞是组成阴茎海绵体的主要功能成分,其表型转化是平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的关键性起始步骤。因此,探讨平滑肌细胞表型转化的机制及其影响因子在阴茎勃起功能障碍的防治过程中具有重要意义。目前通常将平滑肌细胞分为收缩型(分化型)和合成型(未分化型、增殖型或去分化型)两种类型,并发现L转化生长因子(TGF-β)、转录因子E2F1、基本转录元件结合蛋白2(BTEB2)、胰岛素等因素可能影响平滑肌细胞表型转化。本文就近年来阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞表型转化及其影响因子的研究进展作一简要综述。     

Comparison of rabbit corporal smooth muscle cell-culture Methods in vitro

Objective: To apply series or convenient and effective methods to produce large amount of pure corporal smooth muscle cells in vitro in terms of experimental requirement. Methods: The explant cell culture and digestion cell culture methods were compared. Results: The cell yield and purity were significantly higher in digestion cell culture compared with explant cell culture; cell growth velocity was more rapid in digestion cell culture also; but the cell culture success rates were higher in explant cell culture compared with digestion cell culture and the explant cell culture method was much easier to be mastered. Conclusions: Each method had individual merit and shortcoming. The best one of the two methods could be chosen according to experimental requirement.The SMC cultured in vitro are proved to be used to evaluate and investigate the effect of some medicine on penile erection.     

淫羊藿苷对兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO及NOS活性的影响

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷对体外培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞一氧化氮(NO)产生及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的作用效果。 方法 取兔阴蒂海绵体采用酶消化法进行平滑肌细胞体外培养,利用免疫细胞化学染色法通过检测α-actin进行细胞鉴定;利用硝酸还原酶法及NOS试剂盒测定不同浓度淫羊藿苷对阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO生成及NOS活性的影响。 结果 培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞呈现典型的平滑肌细胞形态特征;淫羊藿苷浓度依赖性增强家兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NOS活性并增加NO生成(P<0.01),且被NOS抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(LNNA)所抑制(P<0.01)。结论 淫羊藿苷可能通过增强NOS活性而提高阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO生成,增强性刺激下阴蒂海绵体平滑肌的松弛作用而增强阴蒂胀大勃起功能。     

Construction of cavernosum smooth muscle using umbilical artery smooth muscle cells seeded on acellular corporal collagen matrices

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of tissue engineering of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. Acellular corporal collagen matrices (ACCMs) were obtained from the penis of adult rabbits by a cell removal procedure. ACCMs were implanted into the back muscles of allogenic rabbits to investigate the resulting immunological reaction. Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) were isolated from human umbilical arteries through explant techniques and expanded in vitro . Subsequently, third and fifth passage HUASMCs were seeded to ACCMs at a concentration of 30 × 10⁶ cells/mL. Then, seeded ACCMs were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. The implants were retrieved at 10, 20 and 40 days after implantation. Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyse the morphological characteristics of the engineered tissues. Additionally, organ bath studies were performed to address the contractility of the engineered tissues. The decellularization process successfully extracted all cellular components while preserving the original collagen fibers. The immunological reaction to ACCMs consisted of only a transient nonspecific inflammatory response. Light and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that HUASMCs extended onto the three-dimensional ACCMs scaffolds in vitro . Histological analyses of the explants from all time points demonstrated a progressive regeneration of smooth muscle, with structures very similar to native corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. The maximum contraction force induced by phenylephrine and electrical stimulation were 3.64 ± 0.18 g/100 mg and 2.50 ± 0.21 g/100 mg, respectively. Our study demonstrates that HUASMCs can be seeded on three-dimensional ACCM scaffolds and will develop tissues similar to that of the native corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.     

Effects of neferine on cytosolic free calcium concentration in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of rabbits

To study the relaxation mechanisms of neferine (Nef) on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM), the CCSM cells from New Zealand White rabbits were cultured in vitro. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured by fluorescence ion digital imaging system (FIDIS), using Fluo-2/AM as a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Nef (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) had no effect on the resting [Ca(2+)](i) (P > 0.05). In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) (2.5 mmol l(-1)), Nef (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by high K(+) and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In calcium free solution containing egtaic acid (EGTA), Nef (0.1 micromol l(-1)) had no inhibitory effects on [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P > 0.05). However, Nef (1 and 10 micromol l(-1)) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P < 0.05). These data suggest that Nef inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) in CCSM cells via blocking voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-operated Ca(2+) channel and Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) pool. This inhibitory action on [Ca(2+)](i) might be one of the relaxation mechanisms of Nef on the CCSM.     

Human prostatic smooth muscle cells in culture: Estradiol enhances expression of smooth muscle cell-specific markers

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) constitute a major cellular component of prostatic stroma. SMC tension plays an important role in urethral obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We have developed an in vitro procedure for the propagation of human prostatic SMCs. Tissue specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystectomy were enzymatically disaggregated and cultured in MCDB-131 medium supplemented with horse serum, insulin, conditioned medium from the tumor cell line CRL-5813, and steroid hormones. The medium was assembled on the basis of the effects these supplements have on the growth of SMC cultures and on the expression of the two markers desmin and smooth muscle myosin. Addition of 0.1 μM of estradiol to the growth medium dramatically increased expression of these SMC-specific markers. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and hydrocortisone had a similar, albeit less pronounced effect. At three to five passages, about two thirds of the cells were immunohistologically positive for smooth muscle myosin or desmin. Almost all cells were positive for the myofibroblast marker smooth muscle α-actin throughout 10 passages and more. In SMC cultures, cells staining for smooth muscle myosin and desmin were found to seek direct contact to myofibroblasts. They grew in aggregates on a layer of myofibroblasts which adhered to the surface of the culture vessel. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy the cultured cells exhibited morphological features of myofibroblasts. Characteristics of smooth muscle cells, such as prominent bundles of microfilaments associated with dense bodies, basal laminae investing the cells, and numerous caveolae at the cell surfaces were regularly observed in cultures of low passages. After several passages, these features were markedly decreased and organelles of the biosynthetic system became more prominent. In summary, we present an in vitro model of prostatic SMCs and demonstrate that steroid hormones have characteristic effects on these cells. SMC cultures are expected to facilitate investigation of the functions and properties of human prostatic SMCs. Prostate 30:117–129, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Identification of muscarinic receptor subtypes of cultured smooth muscle cells and tissue of human bladder body

BACKGROUND: Muscarinic receptor subtypes of cultured smooth muscle cells from the human bladder body were investigated by the receptor binding assay method. The result was compared with that obtained from the human bladder body tissue to confirm whether the receptor subtypes of the cells are not changed after several passages of cell culture. METHODS: Inhibitory effects of various muscarinic antagonists on the binding of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine ([3H]-NMS) to membrane preparations obtained from cultured smooth muscle cells from the fourth subculture of the human bladder body were compared with those prepared from the human bladder body tissue and cells expressing human muscarinic receptor subtypes. RESULTS: Binding-inhibition constants (pKi) for atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), oxybutynin and propiverine obtained from membrane preparations of cultured smooth muscle cells were 8.91, 6.35, 8.24, 8.53, 7.29 and 5.61, respectively. pKi values of these muscarinic receptor antagonists against the membrane preparation of human bladder body tissue were 9.08, 6.66, 8.05, 8.79, 7.53 and 6.04, respectively. pKi values of cultured smooth muscle cells and tissue from human bladder body were correlated closely with those of insect cells expressing the cloned human M2 receptor subtype. CONCLUSION: The binding affinities for various muscarinic receptor antagonists of cultured human smooth muscle cells were maintained through the fourth subculture and it was suggested that the M2 receptor subtype is predominantly expressed in cultured smooth muscle cells of human bladder body as well as in tissue of the human bladder body.     

兔血管平滑肌细胞和聚羟基丁酯(PHB)的细胞相容性实验研究

目的：探索血管平滑肌细胞和新型可降解材料聚羟基丁酯（PHB）的细胞相容性，为组织工程血管的构建寻找理想的支架材料。方法：将组织块法体上培养与兔血管平滑肌细胞种植在PHB膜片和PHB三维微孔支架上，在相差显微镜下观察细胞的粘附和生长情况。用MTT法测定细胞粘附率和细胞增殖指数，复合培养7天后进行扫描电镜观察并用流式细胞仪（FCM）的测定细胞周期，DNA指数。结果：兔血管平滑肌细胞在PHB膜片上粘附率为77％，细胞增殖符合细胞的生长曲线，在PHB三维微孔支架上生长情况良好，并被证实为二倍体细胞。结论：兔血管平滑肌细胞和聚羟基丁酯（PHB）的细胞相容性较好，但细胞与材料间的粘附有待进一步改善。