Molecular characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> isolates causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs)

Background  

Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important cause of pyogenic skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). The aim of present study is to investigate the molecular characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from the pus samples from the patients with purulent skin and soft tissue infections in Wenzhou, China.     

Epidemiology of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients: an experience at a Children's Hospital in central Illinois

Background  

The nation-wide concern over methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has prompted many clinicians to use vancomycin when approaching patients with suspected staphylococcal infections. We sought to characterize the epidemiology of community-onset S. aureus infections in hospitalized children to assist local clinicians in providing appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy.     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence: Current susceptibility patterns in Trinidad

Background  

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Recently, reports have emerged that S. aureus strains recovered from community-acquired infections are also methicillin-resistant. This study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence of methicillin resistance among isolates at a regional hospital in Trinidad, and document the current resistance profile of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) to the commonly used anti-staphylococcal agents.     

Acquisition of methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> after living donor liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study

Background  

The incidence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and to analyze the risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA after LDLT in adults by multivariate analysis.     

Large screening of CA-MRSA among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> colonizing healthy young children living in two areas (urban and rural) of Portugal

Background  

The incidence of pediatric infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), including children with no identifiable risk factors, has increased worldwide in the last decade. This suggests that healthy children may constitute a reservoir of MRSA in the community. In this study, nested within a larger one on nasopharyngeal ecology, we aimed to: (i) evaluate the prevalence of MRSA colonizing young children in Portugal; and (ii) compare results with those obtained in a study conducted a decade ago, when this prevalence was <0.5%.     

Epidemiology and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in children in the post-PCV7 era

Background  

The incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has risen dramatically in the U.S., particularly among children. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization has been inversely associated with S. aureus colonization in unvaccinated children, this and other risk factors for S. aureus carriage have not been assessed following widespread use of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Our objectives were to (1) determine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization in young children in the context of widespread use of PCV7; and (2) examine risk factors for S. aureus colonization in the post-PCV7 era, including the absence of vaccine-type S. pneumoniae colonization.     

Long-term persistence of MRSA in re-admitted patients

Background  

A better knowledge of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) persistence in hospitalised patients may impact on specific prevention strategies. We have investigated the persistence of MRSA-carriage in patients admitted and re-admitted to a university hospital.     

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates expressing low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Nigeria and South Africa

Background  

Mupirocin is a topical antimicrobial agent which is used for the treatment of skin and postoperative wound infections, and the prevention of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the prevalence of mupirocin resistance in S. aureus, particularly in MRSA, has increased with the extensive and widespread use of this agent in hospital settings. This study characterized low- and high-level mupirocin-resistant S. aureus isolates obtained from Nigeria and South Africa.     

Nasal carriage of a single clone of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S<Emphasis Type="Italic">taphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> among kindergarten attendees in northern Taiwan

Background:  

To evaluate the prevalence and microbiological characterization of community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in a kindergarten.     

Risk factors associated with long-term prognosis of patients with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> bacteremia

Objective  

To estimate risk factors associated with long-term outcome (i.e., 1-year survival) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).     

Increase of patients co-colonised or co-infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Purpose  

To determine the incidence of patients co-colonised or co-infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in four German tertiary care hospitals.     

Clinical manifestations and outcome in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis among injection drug users and nonaddicts: a prospective study of 74 patients

Background  

Endocarditis is a common complication in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). We compared risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome in a large, prospective cohort of patients with S. aureus endocarditis in injection drug users (IDUs) and in nonaddicts.     

Sequential introduction of single room isolation and hand hygiene campaign in the control of methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> in intensive care unit

Background  

After renovation of the adult intensive care unit (ICU) with installation of ten single rooms, an enhanced infection control program was conducted to control the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in our hospital.     

Staphylococcus aureus infections after liver transplantation

Background

More data on the risk factors and outcomes after Staphylococcus aureus infections in liver transplantation are needed.

Methods

Liver recipients with S. aureus infections (cases) were retrospectively identified and compared to gender-, age-, and transplant type-matched (1:2) non-S. aureus-infected controls. Risk factors associated with S. aureus infections were identified by conditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

We evaluated 51 patients (median age 52?years). First S. aureus infections developed at a median time of 29?days after transplantation, with 52.94% of them in the first month; 88.24% were nosocomial, 41.18% were polymicrobial, and 47.06% were caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Surgical site infections represented 58.82% and bacteremia 23.53%. By univariate analysis, patients with S. aureus infections were intubated more frequently (odds ratio [OR] 26.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23?C3,504.15, p?=?0.0006), had a central line (OR 11.69, 95% CI 1.42?C95.9, p?=?0.02), or recent surgery (OR 26.92, 95% CI 3.23?C3,504.15, p?=?0.0006) compared with controls. By multivariate analysis, subjects who underwent surgery within 2?weeks prior to infection had a 26.9 times higher risk of developing S. aureus infection (95% CI 3.23?C3,504.15, p?=?0.0006); these results were adjusted for matched criteria. S. aureus infections did not affect graft or patient survival, but the study was not powered for such outcomes.

Conclusion

Only recent surgical procedure was found to be a significant independent risk factor for S. aureus infections after liver transplantation.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Background  

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) continues to be a problem for clinicians worldwide. However, few data on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S. aureus isolates in South Africa have been reported and the prevalence of MRSA in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province is unknown. In addition, information on the characterization of S. aureus in this province is unavailable. This study investigated the susceptibility pattern of 227 S. aureus isolates from the KZN province, South Africa. In addition, characterization of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA are reported in this survey.     

Clinical impact of methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> bacteremia based on propensity scores

Background  

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen not only in nosocomial infections, but also in community-associated infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of methicillin resistance on mortality, length of hospitalization, and hospital costs via propensity score matching in S. aureus bacteremia.     

Antibacterial resistance and their genetic location in MRSA isolated in Kuwait hospitals, 1994-2004

Background  

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a major cause of serious infections in hospitals and in the community worldwide. In this study, MRSA isolated from patients in Kuwait hospitals were analyzed for resistance trends and the genetic location of their resistance determinants.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> evaluation of antibiotics' combinations for empirical therapy of suspected methicillin resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>severe respiratory infections

Background  

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly common cause of nosocomial infections, causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, and accounting in some hospitals for more than 50% of all S. aureus diseases. Treatment of infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens mainly relies on two therapeutic modalities: development of new antimicrobials and use of combinations of available antibiotics.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> intestinal colonization is associated with increased frequency of <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. aureus</Emphasis>on skin of hospitalized patients

Background  

Intestinal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus among hospitalized patients has been associated with increased risk of staphylococcal infection and could potentially contribute to transmission. We hypothesized that S. aureus intestinal colonization is associated with increased frequency of S. aureus on patients' skin and nearby environmental surfaces.     

Rheumatoid arthritis-associated corneal ulceration complicated by bacterial infection

We report two cases of rheumatoid ocular disease complicated by infection of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in one case, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the other. In both cases, punctal occlusion and immunosuppressive therapy were presumed to be major risk factors of the infections. In addition, the characteristic feature was corneal melting, which is probably accelerated by infection. To avoid infectious progression and melting, potent antibiotics followed by immunosuppressive therapy were necessary.