尺神经损伤后的功能重建

目的 比较应用不同方法矫正尺神经损伤后环、小指爪形指畸形及重建示指外展功能。方法 对34例尺神经损伤后的手内在肌麻痹行不同术式的功能重建，其中环、小指爪形指畸形矫正26例中行掌指关节囊紧缩、滑车前移术22例，环指浅屈肌键移位重建划状肌功能4例；示指外展功能重建13例中行示指固有伸肌键代第一背侧合间肌10例，掌长肌—掌腱膜代第一背侧骨间肌3例。结果 环、小指爪形指略形的矫正：行关节囊紧缩、滑车前移术，优良率95％；指浅屈肌键代内在肌，优良率75％。两种示指外展功能重建术优良率均为100％。结论 环、小指爪形指畸形的矫正行关节囊紧缩、滑车前移术，方法简单，疗效肯定；而示指外展功能重建的两种方法均可。     

先天性风吹手畸形的治疗

目的探讨先天性风吹手畸形的治疗方法。方法对27例先天性风吹手畸形的患者采用分次手术的方法，一期改善拇指功能，作拇收肌切断、第一指蹼开大、拇指外展功能重建术；二期作中、小指指浅屈肌腱移位，纠正手指尺偏畸形；三期手术解决手掌、指屈曲、掌侧皮肤缺损。每次手术间隔3—6个月，期间配合系统的康复治疗。结果术后随访时间为6-72个月，5例失访。22例中有17例拇指外展、对掌、对指功能恢复，效果满意；12例手指尺偏畸形得到矫正，6例部分矫正，4例复发，其中7例再次行紧缩尺侧关节囊、调整肌张力手术，术后应用外展支具，系统康复训练后5例畸形矫正，2例部分矫正。术后8例再发手掌、指皮肤挛缩，再次行植皮术。3例发生不全并指，经指蹼成形后纠正。结论对复杂先天性风吹手畸形的治疗应分次手术为佳，每次解决一个主要问题，配合系统的康复治疗才能获得较满意的效果。     

The cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the two synovial cysts

The cubital tunnel syndrome caused by several synovial cysts has been rarely reported. In our case, a 63-year-old man had sensorial and motor complaints at the ring and little fingers of the right hand. The claw deformity and the atrophy of the hypothenar and interosseous muscles in the right hand were discovered on physical examination. Froment's sign was positive. Electromyography showed prolonged distal latencies and slowed conduction for ulnar nerve. A small spherical cyst within the cubital tunnel and another spindle-shaped cyst at the distal to the cubital tunnel were found to compress and wrap the ulnar and its branches intra-operatively. Finally, the cysts were removed and the ulnar nerve was decompressed and performed its anterior transposition. Synovial cysts were confirmed by histopathological examination.     

Familial flexion-supination deformity at the PIP joint of the finger

The case of a 36-year-old female typist with familial bilateral flexion-supination deformity at the PIP joint of the long fingers is presented. This deformity was ascribed to hypoplasia of the radial lateral band and retaining structures of the long extensor tendon. The deformity was corrected by bridging the second dorsal interosseous muscle and the radial extensor lateral band with a free tendon graft and the reconstruction of retaining ligaments.     

Bilateral ulnar "thumbs".

Congenital fusion of the carpal bones is fairly common and may be associated with other congenital deformities in the hand. This report deals with an unusual congenital anomaly of the little fingers associated with fusion of the triquetrum and lunate. Both little fingers were adducted and rotated giving crude resemblance to thumbs on the ulnar borders of the hands. The deformity was easily corrected by osteotomy through the base of the fifth metacarpals.     

Multiple flexor tendon xanthomas and contractures in the hands of a child with familial hypercholesterolemia

A 6-year-old girl with familial hypercholesterolemia had flexion contractures of the fingers due to tendon and joint xanthomas. This unique problem was corrected by the combination of local hand surgery and a portacaval shunt.     

先天性肌肉、肌腱缺如或发育不良11例报告

目的 报告国内较为罕见的肌肉、肌腱先天性缺如或发育不良病例的症状和治疗。方法 回顾并分析1996年8月至2002年8月我科所收治的11例18侧先天性肌肉肌腱缺如或发育不良患者病史。其中，涉及拇指影响拇指功能的8例14侧，涉及其他手指或腕关节的3例4侧。统计受累肌肉以大鱼际肌为主，肌腱移位为主要的治疗方法。结果 采用肌腱移位术后，外观得以改善，畸形均矫正，功能恢复较满意。结论 肌肉肌腱缺如或发育不良较为少见，其中以拇指大鱼际肌及拇长伸肌腱缺如最为常见。发病原因目前尚无确切的结论。选用合适的动力肌行移位术可使功能得到较好恢复，手术疗效满意。     

伴有严重复合创伤的上肢离断再植

目的 探讨伴有严重复合创伤的上肢离断再植的可能性.方法 纠正休克和恢复水电解质平衡后,行左上臂离断再植合并脾摘除术1例;前臂离断再植合并多发骨折固定,神经肌肉组织断裂修复4例;左前臂离断再植合并多发骨折固定,尿道断裂尿道会师术1例;右前臂离断再植合并多发骨折固定,大面积皮肤缺损修复1例.结果 休克得到纠正,合并伤获得有效控制及愈合,断肢离断再植均成活.随访半年以上的6例中,2例上臂离断再植后恢复伸屈肘功能,感觉恢复至肘下10 cm和14 cm,手内在肌萎缩.4例前臂离断再植后肢体恢复尺神经支配感觉区域,正中神经恢复保护性感觉,其中有2例手内在肌萎缩,手指活动屈伸活动范围28°～50°,能完成握持物体的一般性生活功能.结论 伴有严重复合创伤经有效的治疗后试行上肢离断再植术是可行的.     

Madelung's Deformity with Extensor Tendon Rupture: Case Reports

A case of Madelung's deformity in a 77-year-old woman is described. In the course of 7 years she consecutively lost the ability to extend the MP joints of the three ulnar fingers of her left hand. At operation the three extensor tendons were completely disrupted. The reason could be demonstrated to be the sawing action of the dislocated, enlarged ulnar head when wrist movements were carried out. Prophylactic resection of the distal ulna is suggested in cases of pronounced Madelung's deformity.     

Clawhand deformity presumed secondary to Parkinson's disease

A clawhand deformity presumed to be secondary to Parkinson's disease is described. No such association was found previously recorded in the literature. The marked limitation in hand function was improved by lengthening the extensor tendons, a 4-tail superficialis transfer to the intrinsic muscles, and capsulotomy of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index and long fingers.     

手掌压砸伤术后尺偏手畸形的病因及治疗

目的 探讨手掌压砸伤术后"尺偏手"畸形的形成原因和治疗方法.方法 对40具手标本通过测量各指指背腱膜相对于指骨的位置、手内在肌的重量及生理横切面积,为明确临床"尺偏手"畸形的病因提供解剖学研究基础.2007年3月至2010年2月,对6例严重手压砸伤造成术后"尺偏手"畸形的患者进行手内在肌功能重建术.结果 解剖学研究发现指背腱膜及伸肌腱有将掌指关节拉向尺侧的作用力,而手内在肌则与之对抗,形成向桡侧的作用力.在正常手中,这两种作用力是平衡的;而在压砸伤术后手内在肌缺损的情况下,就失去了向桡侧的作用力,导致了临床中常见的"尺偏手"畸形.6例"尺偏手"畸形手内在肌功能重建术后随访时间平均8.5个月,尺偏得到较好的纠正,拇对指功能得到明显改善.结论 严重手掌压砸伤术后因手内在肌缺损导致肌力失衡引起"尺偏手"畸形,应在急诊手术中尽量保留手内在肌的连续性并修复断裂的手内在肌;对已经形成的"尺偏手"畸形,需行手内在肌重建术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the cause and management of ulnar club-hand secondary to crush injury of the palm. Methods Forty eadaver hands were dissected to measure the relative position between extensor aponeurosis and phalanges, the weight and cross-sectional area of intrinsic muscles to provide anatomical basis of the causes of ulnar club-hand. From March 2007 to February 2010, six patients with ulnar club-hand secondary to severe crush injury underwent intrinsic muscle reconstruction. The causes of ulnar club-hand were investigated in these cases. Results Anatomical dissection revealed that the extensor aponeurosis and extensor tendon of the finger tend to deviate the metacarpophalangeal joint ulnarly, while the intrinsic muscles work antagonistically to pull the joint radially. In the normal hand, these two kinds of acting forces are balanced. In the absence of intrinsic muscles after severe crush injury of the hand, this balance is broken, and the hand tends to deviate ulnarly. Intrinsic muscle reconstruction in six patients with ulnar club-hand secondary to palm crush injury restored the balance and corrected the ulnar deviation deformity after 8.5 months follow-up. Thumb opposition was also improved. Conclusion The absence of hand intrinsic muscles was the main cause of ulnar club-hand in severe crush injury. In the emergency operation, ruptured intrinsic muscles should be repaired whenever possible to prevent ulnar club-hand. For established ulnar club-hand, intrinsic muscle reconstruction should be done to correct the deformity.     

Surgical correction of claw fingers in Hansen's disease by palmar plate shortening and pulley advancement

A simple technique has been used to correct the clawing of fingers in patients with Hansen's disease. The distal part of the palmar plate is excised and the remaining portion is advanced and sutured with a single horizontal mattress suture to prevent hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. A pulley advancement is also done. One hundred five claw hands were corrected in 99 patients from December 1985 to September 1988. Follow-up period varied from 6 months to 3 1/2 years. The results were assessed for correction of deformity, power grip, motion, and function. Out of 94 hands that were followed up after operation, power grip remained static in most cases. Correction of deformity was satisfactory in 85 hands, motion and function of the fingers were satisfactory in 63 hands, and correction of the clawing was statistically significant in two fingers (p less than 0.01).     

小腿外伤后足趾屈曲畸形发生与疗效的相关因素分析

目的 统计不同小腿外伤致足趾屈曲畸形的发生率,探讨不同手术方式和手术时机对疗效的影响,及外伤后肌肉MRI表现与畸形发生的关系. 方法 1990年1月至2006年12月,采集小腿外伤病例1922例,502例患者于外伤后7～10 d行MRI检查.并发足趾屈曲畸形39例,男28例,女11例;年龄20～48岁,平均30.8岁.分别于畸形发生后3个月、3～6个月和6～18个月采用肌腱粘连松解及松解+肌腱延长两种方式矫正畸形.采用美国足与踝关节协会足趾关节功能评分法对矫正效果进行评定. 结果 39例全部得到随访,随访时间6～72个月(平均22个月),其中优18例,良15例,可4例,差2例,优良率84.62%.17例单纯行肌腱粘连松解术,复发2例;22例行松解+肌腱延长术,复发4例.畸形于6个月内矫正27例,复发5例,复发率18.52%;6个月以上矫正12例,复发1例,复发率8.33%.结论 本组小腿外伤后足趾屈曲畸形的发生率为2.03%,不同结构损伤,其发生率不同,以腓骨骨折最高,为3.38%.手术以单纯行肌腱粘连松解复发率为低.手术时机对预后有显著性影响,矫正手术宜在畸形发生后6个月以上进行.外伤后小腿<足母>长屈肌、趾长屈肌MRI信号的异常变化对足趾屈曲畸形发生的判断有一定的临床意义.     

Foot-like congenital macrodactyly with syndactyly of the hand

A case of monstrous deformity of the right hand in a six-year-old girl is reported. The index, middle and ring fingers showed extreme macrodactyly including the metacarpals belonging to these fingers. This deformity, which was associated with syndactyly of the middle and ring fingers, was caused by bone overgrowth in gigantic fashion accompanied by enlarged volar digital nerves and studded with irregular nodules of fibro-adipose tissue in these fingers. No genetic abnormalities were found.     

Operative Behandlung der Krallenhand mittels Lassoplastik

Objectives

The aim is correction of claw deformity of the fingers by intrinsic paralysis.

Indications

Indications are claw deformity of fingers caused by palsy or functional loss of the interosseus or lumbrical muscles as far as the function of the superficial and deep flexors of the finger is intact.

Contraindications

Contraindications are loss or paralysis of finger flexors supplied by the median nerve, fixed extension or flexion contracture of the finger joints, osteoarthritis and other malfunctions of the finger joints, no active flexion and extension of the interphalangeal joints due to compromised tendon gliding. Relative: Upper ulnar nerve palsy with functional loss of the deep flexor of the small and ring finger and possibly of the middle finger.

Surgical technique

The operation technique involves detachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis IV tendon (FDS IV) distal to Camper’s chiasm, division of the tendon into separate strips, interweaving of each tendon strip into the proximal part of the A2 pulley of the affected fingers. In cases of claw deformity of all fingers it may be advantageous to apply the superficial flexor tendon of the long finger in addition to the FDS IV tendon as otherwise the FDS IV tendon has to be divided into four strips resulting in relatively thin tendon strips. If the FDS III and IV tendons are applied, the two strips of the FDS IV tendon are used for lassoplasty of the small and ring fingers and the FDS III tendon for lassoplasty of the middle and index fingers.

Postoperative management

Postoperative management includes immobilization of the operated fingers by a dorsoulnar forearm plaster cast including the metacarpophalangeal joints which are flexed to 70°. After 2 weeks replacement of the cast by a thermoplastic splint for another 4 weeks. During the whole period exercises for the finger and thumb should be carried out.

Results

From April 2003 to June 2012 a total of 17 patients, 8 female and 9 male were surgically treated for claw deformity. The dominant hand was affected in seven patients. The average age was 46?±?15 (22–80) years, the average interval from onset of ulnar palsy to lassoplasty was 61?±?91 (3–288) months. The final follow-up was performed after an average of 42?±?32 (2–112) months. Claw deformity was resolved in 14 out of the 17 patients. The grip strength was on average 58?±?28?% (11–96 %) of the unaffected hand, the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score was 32?±?18 (5–68) points and the degree of patient satisfaction 7?±?2 (0–10). According to own results and those in the literature lassoplasty can be recommended for the treatment of claw deformity.     

An Efficient Way to Correct Recurrent Rectus Diastasis

Background: Recurrent rectus diastasis is a troublesome complication because its correction requires an extensive procedure.Case Reports: Two patients with recurrent rectus diastasis secondary to abdominoplasty corrected by plication of the anterior rectus sheath are presented. These patients had lateral insertion of the rectus muscles. They were treated by the advancement of the rectus muscles after undermining of the posterior rectus sheath and a two-layer closure to correct the rectus diastasis. Good cosmetic results and postoperative pain control were achieved in both cases.Discussion: The causes, prevention, and treatment for this type of rectus diastasis are described. The main reason for recurrence of this deformity in these patients was lateral insertion of the rectus muscles on the costal margins. On the basis principle, an efficient technique to correct this deformity is described. A postoperative compute tomography scan with slices made at the same bony level as the preoperative control examination demonstrated total correction of rectus diastasis over a long-term follow-up evaluation.Conclusion: Advancement of the recti muscles seems to be a reliable method for correcting recurrent rectus diastasis in patients with lateral insertion of the recti muscles.     

Thumb reconstruction with a wrap-around free flap in hand radiation injury

We describe a patient with hand radiation injury that was caused by (192)Ir radiation source exposure. The cutaneous symptoms that appear after local radiation exposure follow a certain time pattern consisting of the prodromal, manifestation, subacute, chronic, and late stages. Although the clinical characteristics of each stage are well known, limited cases of photographic demonstrations to the progressive local radiation reaction have been reported. We demonstrate characteristics of serial necrotic changes in the fingers after radiation exposure in photographs. Initially, blisters, mild erythema, and swelling were present in the exposed fingers. However, at 3 years postexposure, total necrosis, severe flexion deformity, and bony exposure were present in the exposed fingers. For restoration of hand function, we performed a transmetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and transphalangeal amputation of the second, third, and fourth fingers, respectively. After debridement of the necrotic thumb tissue, a wrap-around free flap from the hallux was performed for thumb reconstruction. At 2 years postoperatively, the free flap survived well and graft bone union had occurred. The patient's hand function had improved such that he could grip a large object using the reconstructed thumb and the fifth finger.     

Unusual coalition of the carpal bones with simian crease: a case report

We present a case of scapholunate coalition with absent fifth metacarpal on one hand, and scapholunate triquetral coalition on the other hand. The patient was asymptomatic, though he was aware of the deformity of the little and ring fingers on the right hand. No treatment was offered as the deformity was not incapacitating and the syndactyly did not interfere with hand function.     

Classification of hand anomalies in Poland's syndrome.

Poland's syndrome classically consists of the combination of unilateral aplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle and an ipsilateral hypoplastic hand with simple syndactyly and short fingers. However, patients with Poland's syndrome may have a broad range of hand anomalies. In this paper, the author reviews 20 cases of Poland's syndrome and offers a classification of the hand anomalies. The hand anomalies are divided into seven types according to the severity of the deformity. Clinical cases are presented along with similar cases from the literature. The aetiology of Poland's syndrome is discussed and the various malformations that may co-exist with this syndrome are reviewed.     

Congenital unilateral muscle hyperplasia of the hand with ulnar deviation of the fingers

Three cases of congenital unilateral muscular hyperplasia of the hand combined with ulnar deviation of the fingers are presented. In all three patients the deformity was confined to the right upper extremity, and there were no other associated congenital malformations. All patients displayed anomalous or hyperplastic musculature acting on the proximal phalanges of the fingers, contributing to the associated ulnar drift of the hand. This condition is previously unreported, and is a different entity from the previously described “windblown hand”.