Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Subjectively Measured Physical Activity in Japanese Individuals 85 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study

High-quality diets and regular physical activity (PA) are considered healthy behaviors (HBs). HBs are associated with many health outcomes and are expected to improve quality of life. Although implementing HBs is important, the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and PA has not been well investigated, especially among those aged ≥ 85. This study used data from the Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health study to examine the relationship between DPs and PA in a cross-sectional study. The dietary survey used the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire to estimate the intake of 58 foods. After energy adjustment, principal component analysis was performed to identify major DPs. A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate PA, and linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DPs and PA, considering confounders. A total of 519 participants were included. Three major DPs (‘Various plant foods’, ‘Fish and mushrooms’, ‘Cooked rice and miso soup’) were identified. ‘Various plant foods’ was similar to DPs previously named ‘Healthy’ or ‘Prudent’, and its trend was positively associated with higher PA. This study observed the implementation of HBs even among those aged ≥ 85, suggesting that a trend toward a healthier diet is associated with higher PA.     

温州市2～6岁儿童血铅水平调查

儿童铅中毒作为严重危害儿童健康的环境卫生问题,早已受到世界各国的高度重视。为了解我市儿童铅污染的程度及影响因素,于2004年对温州部分地区2~6岁儿童血铅水平进行调查,现报告如下。资料与方法1调查对象本次调查选择鹿城区、苍南县,以幼儿园定期体检和儿童保健门诊2~6岁儿童     

Relationship between Dietary Creatine and Growth Indicators in Children and Adolescents Aged 2–19 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

A possible role of dietary creatine for ensuring proper growth and development remains unknown. The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to quantify the amount of creatine consumed through regular diet among U.S. children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years and investigate the relationship between creatine intake and growth indicators, using data from the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We included data for NHANES 2001–2002 respondents (4291 participants, 2133 boys and 2158 girls) aged 2 to 19 years at the time of screening, who provided valid dietary information and examination measures (standing height and weight). Individual values for total grams of creatine consumed per day for each participant were computed using the average amount of creatine (3.88 g/kg) across all sources of meat-based foods. All participants were categorized for height-for-age and BMI-for-age categories. The average daily intake of creatine across the whole sample was 1.07 ± 1.07 g (95% CI, from 1.04 to 1.10). Height, weight, and BMI were significantly different across creatine quartiles (p < 0.001), with all measures significantly higher in the 4th quartile of creatine intake (≥1.5 g/day) than those in other quartiles (p < 0.05). The participants from the 3rd quartile of creatine intake (0.84–1.49 g/day) were significantly different from others with respect to having lower rates of normal stature and higher rates of tall stature (p < 0.05). Each additional 0.1 g of creatine consumed per day increases height by 0.60 cm (simple model) or 0.30 cm (adjusted model). The daily intake of creatine from a regular diet in taller children and adolescents was higher than in shorter peers aged 2–19 years. Future research has to monitor temporal changes in growth and dietary creatine and validate our findings in interventional studies across pediatric populations.     

Lifestyle Patterns Are Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure among Qatari Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional National Study

Women of childbearing age are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of elevated blood pressure (BP), with dietary and lifestyle habits being increasingly recognized as important modifiable environmental risk factors for this condition. Using data from the National STEPwise survey conducted in Qatar in year 2012, we aimed to examine lifestyle patterns and their association with elevated BP among Qatari women of childbearing age (18–45 years). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, anthropometric and BP data were used (n = 747). Principal component factor analysis was applied to identify the patterns using the frequency of consumption of 13 foods/food groups, physical activity level, and smoking status. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of the identified lifestyle patterns with elevated BP and to examine the socio-demographic correlates of these patterns. Three lifestyle patterns were identified: a “healthy” pattern characterized by intake of fruits, natural juices, and vegetables; a “fast food & smoking” pattern characterized by fast foods, sweetened beverages, and sweets, in addition to smoking; and a “traditional sedentary” pattern which consisted of refined grains, dairy products, and meat in addition to low physical activity. The fast food & smoking and the traditional & sedentary patterns were associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the risk of elevated BP in the study population. The findings of this study highlight the synergistic effect that diet, smoking and physical inactivity may have on the risk of elevated BP among Qatari women.     

2010年日照市部分8～10岁儿童尿碘调查分析

[目的]调查日照市居民碘营养水平,为碘缺乏痫的防治提供基础资料与科学依据。[方法]在所辖区域范围内,对8～10岁儿童尿碘含量进行抽样调查。[结果]日照市8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为150．6μg／L．达到了国家碘缺乏病消除标准。[结论]口照市实施补碘措施后,8～10岁儿童尿碘水平达到适宜状态。     

Characterizing Undernourished Children Under-Five Years Old with Diarrhoea in Mozambique: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2015–2019

Diarrhoea is associated with undernutrition and this association is related to increased morbidity and mortality in children under-five. In this analysis we aimed to assess the frequency and associated factors of undernutrition in children under-five with diarrhoea. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 through a surveillance system in five sentinel hospitals in Mozambique. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected, including anthropometry. A total of 963 children were analysed. The overall undernutrition frequency was 54.1% (95% CI: 50.9–57.2), with 32.5% (95% CI: 29.6–35.5) stunting, 26.6% (95% CI: 23.9–29.6) wasting and 24.7% (95% CI: 22.1–27.5) underweight. Children from Nampula province had 4.7 (p = 0.016) higher odds for stunting compared with children from Maputo. Children whose caregiver was illiterate had higher odds of being underweight 5.24 (p < 0.001), and the wet season was associated with higher odds 1.70 (p = 0.012) of being wasted. Children born under 2500 g of weight had 2.8 (p = 0.001), 2.7 (p < 0.001) and 2.6 (p = 0.010) higher odds for being underweighted, wasted and stunted, respectively. The HIV positive status of the children was associated with higher odds of being underweight 2.6 (p = 0.006), and stunted 3.4 (p = 0.004). The province, caregiver education level, wet season, child’s birthweight and HIV status were factors associated with undernutrition in children with diarrhoea. These findings emphasise the need for additional caregiver’s education on the child’s nutrition and associated infectious diseases. More studies are needed to better understand the social context in which a child with diarrhoea and undernutrition is inserted.     

Rapid Geriatric Assessment,Physical Activity,and Sleep Quality in Adults Aged more than 65 Years: A Preliminary Study

The journal of nutrition, health & aging - (1) To evaluate geriatric syndromes using the Rapid Geriatric Assessment; (2) To investigate possible association of geriatric syndomes with physical...     

812名7-8岁儿童贫血和龋患情况研究

目的了解三门峡市7-8岁儿童贫血和龋患状况,为采取针对性干预措施提供依据。方法以三门峡市812名7~8岁儿童作为研究对象,用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白含量,并检测龋患情况。结果男女儿童贫血患病率分别为2.99%和3.45%。男女儿童乳龋患率为49.01%,乳龋充填率为12.53%,恒龋患率为6.54%,恒龋充填率为37.08%。结论 7-8岁儿童贫血率不高,但口腔保健水平较低,应采取相应的干预措施。     

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about drastic measures that have significantly altered the norms of daily living. These measures have affected human behaviors in disparate ways. This study seeks to understand the impact of the pandemic on physical activity and dietary behavior among adults living in Kuwait. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 18 June and 15 July 2020, using a questionnaire disseminated through social media, including WhatsApp and Facebook. The target population was individuals aged 21 years or older living in the State of Kuwait. The study included 679 respondents; 57.9% were females, and 67.7% were Kuwaiti nationals. Both genders reported an increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and carbohydrates, and a decreased consumption of fish and sugary drinks. Compared to males, females reported eating more during the outbreak than their pre-pandemic eating behaviors (32.3% vs. 35.9%, p < 0.05). Approximately one-third of respondents (33.1%) reported performing less than 30 min of physical activity or exercise in a week, and 36.4% of respondents rated their quality of sleep as ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’. The rate of smoking cigarettes among males was significantly higher than in females (40.6% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). Physical activity was positively correlated with vegetable consumption and quality of sleep. Quality of sleep was negatively correlated with the consumption of sweets and snacks, just as the consumption of vegetables was negatively correlated with the consumption of sugary drinks. The overall negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait necessitates the development of health promotion interventions to support positive physical activity and dietary behaviors using alternative coping strategies among the residents of Kuwait.     

Early Feeding Factors and Eating Behaviors among Children Aged 1–3: A Cross-Sectional Study

Early nutrition plays a crucial role not only in providing essential nutrients for proper child development, but may also be an important step in creating desirable eating behaviors, which can be transmitted into adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess possible links between early feeding factors, such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding (timing and method) as well as types of complementary foods and mealtime environment during the first three months of complementary feeding and eating behaviors in children aged 1–3 years old. This cross-sectional, online survey involved 467 mothers of toddlers aged 1–3 years old from the whole of Poland. The questionnaire consisted of questions about early feeding and the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). The adjusted linear regression model revealed that longer duration of any breastfeeding was negatively related to enjoyment of food (EF), desire to drink (DD) and positively related to satiety responsiveness (SR) and slowness in eating (SE) subscales. Moreover, offering homemade complementary foods more often than commercial may be related to higher SR. Eating meals during distraction seems to be negatively associated with EF, and positively with DD and SE subscales. Our study highlights possible links between early feeding factors and toddlers’ eating behaviors, so further investigation, also including dietary factors, is needed.     

黑龙江省0～6岁儿童残疾现状及影响因素分析

目的了解黑龙江省0～6岁儿童残疾水平及影响因素,为预防儿童残疾发生、提高残疾儿童生存状态制定相关规划提供依据.方法采取分层、多阶段、整群、概率比例抽样方法,对抽取的样本单位进行入户调查结果 0～6岁残疾儿童总残疾现患率为8.75‰:残疾程度以一、四级为主;农村与城市地区的残疾现患率分别为9.65‰、6.73‰;男童现患率为11.86‰,女童现患率为5.58‰:致残原因以产前因素(50.00%)和原因不明(27.42%)为主;残疾儿童的年龄、性别、母亲是否识字、父母是否有工作是残疾儿童发生的高危因素.结论黑龙江省0～6岁儿童总残疾现患率下降明显,产前因素和原因不明是导致残疾发生的主要原因,需进一步加强孕产期保健及对残疾儿童致病原因的探索研究.     

Prevalence of Physical Activity Among Adults in a Metropolitan Nigerian City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Baseline information on physical activity is relevant to controlling the epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases occurring in many African countries. However, standardized data on physical activity are lacking in Nigeria. We assessed the prevalence of physical activity and its relationships with sociodemographic characteristics in a subnational sample of Nigerian adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of 934 adults (age, 20–82 years) living in metropolitan Maiduguri, Nigeria. Physical activity was measured using the validated Nigerian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Hausa IPAQ-SF). Using the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline, participants were classified as sufficiently active or insufficiently active. Sociodemographic correlates of sufficient physical activity were identified using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 68.6% of Nigerian adults were sufficiently active. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of physical activity between men (68.0%) and women (69.3%), but physical activity tended to decrease with increasing age category, especially among men. Physical activity prevalence was positively associated with being married (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.04–4.37) and blue collar work (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.16–4.12) and negatively associated with car ownership (OR = 0.38, CI = 0.17–0.86) and higher income (OR = 0.54, CI = 0.10–0.95).

Conclusions

The prevalence of physical activity varied between sociodemographic subgroups of Nigerian adults; thus, public health policies and interventions based on ecologic models of health behaviors may be warranted in promoting physical activity in Nigeria.Key words: physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, IPAQ, Nigerian adults     

2004年长沙市城区部分0～6岁儿童血红蛋白与血铅水平检测分析

[目的]了解长沙市城区部分0～6岁儿童血铅水平与血红蛋白(Hb)浓度的关系.[方法]2004年6月,在长沙市城区开福区、芙蓉区抽取1 172名0～6岁儿童,测定末梢血中血铅水平与Hb浓度.[结果]检测1 172人,检出铅中毒87例,检出率为7.42%;检出贫血19例,检出率为1.62%.儿童Hb浓度为(124.47±7.66) g/L,血铅水平为(59.17±30.08) μg /L,二者的相关系数(r)=-0.046(P＞0.05).Hb浓度(g/L)为＜110、110～、120～、130～、140～各组,Hb浓度与血铅水的r值分别为-0.400、-0.008、-0.076、-0.088、-0.153,只有120～129 g/L组的相关有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他各组二者的相关均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).铅中毒儿童发生贫血的OR值为5.86,贫血儿童发生铅中毒的OR值为0.19.[结论]长沙市城区部分0～6岁儿童Hb浓度与血铅水平不存在相关关系;铅中毒者发生贫血的OR值为5.86,贫血者发生铅中毒的OR值为0.19.     

Breastfeeding Duration and High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Seven Provinces in China

This study was aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding duration and blood pressure (BP) levels, BP Z scores and high BP (HBP) in children and adolescents. A total of 57,201 participants including 29,491 boys and 27,710 girls aged 7–18 years were recruited from seven provinces in China in 2012. HBP was defined as BP levels of ≥95th percentiles of the referent age-, sex-, and height-specific population. Breastfeeding duration was divided into non-breastfeeding, 0–5 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months. Information on demographic, parental or family factors and dietary behaviors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration with BP levels and BP Z scores and with HBP, respectively. Stratified analyses were performed to further investigate the potential subgroup-specific associations. The reported prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) rate was 22.53% in the total population. After full adjustment, compared to the non-breastfeeding group, breastfeeding for 6–12 months was correlated with 0.43 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: −0.61, −0.12) mmHg lower levels of SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar decrease trends were found for BP Z scores. Prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) was associated with 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.33) higher odds of HBP in boys and girls, respectively. Based on nationally representative data, there was no evidence that a longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against childhood HBP. Breastfeeding for 6–12 months may be beneficial to BP, while prolonged breastfeeding durations might increase the odds of HBP in children and adolescents.     

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Blood Lead Levels in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

The authors studied 53 girls (44.5%) and 66 (55.5%) boys in Karachi, Pakistan, to determine their blood lead levels. The association between blood lead levels/water lead levels and the possible risk factors and symptoms associated with lead toxicity was explored. The mean lead level for the entire group was 7.9 μg/dl (standard deviation = 4.5 μg/dl). Thirty (25.2%) of the children had lead levels that exceeded 10 μg/dl; 12 (10.0%) of these had lead levels that exceeded 15 μg/dl. Thirteen (20.9%) of the children under the age of 6 yr (n = 62) had lead levels greater than 10 μg/dl, and 6 (9.6%) had levels in excess of 15 μg/dl. The authors found no association (p > .05) between high lead levels in water and blood lead levels in children. Mean blood lead levels were highest in the group of children exposed to various risk factors for lead absorption (e.g., exposure to paint, remodeling, and renovation; use of lead utensils; pica). There was a significant association between a history of exposure to paint/renovation activities and a history of pica. High blood lead levels in the children in Karachi stress the urgency for actions that control lead pollution. Screening programs should be instituted by the state. Individuals must become aware of lead's toxicity, and they must avoid substances that contain lead.     

2011年黔东南州390名8月龄至6岁健康儿童麻疹血清抗体水平调查

目的了解黔东南州8月龄至6岁健康儿童麻疹抗体水平,为控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法2011年6～7月,在黔东南州抽取锦屏县、剑河县和凯里市的390名8月龄至6岁健康儿童进行血清麻疹IgG抗体水平检测。结果检测390人,麻疹IgG抗体阳性的349人,阳性率为89．49％;抗体几何平均滴度为1：890．54,其中滴度≥1：800（达到保护水平）者253人,占64．87％。各年龄组血清麻疹抗体阳性率均在85％以上,达到保护水平者所占比例均在59％以上。麻疹抗体阳性率,接种麻疹疫苗1针次的为84．31％,接种2针次的为92．83％（P〈O．01）;男性为89．54％,女性为89．40％（P〉0．05）;凯里市为87．74％,剑河县为87．50％,锦屏县为92．81％（P〉0．05）;汉族为88．00％,苗族为89．15％,侗族为91．43％（P〉0．05）。结论黔东南州8月龄至6岁健康儿童麻疹抗体水平不高。