经尿道前列腺电汽化术联合电切术治疗前列腺增生症

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TUVP）联合电切术（TURP）治疗前列腺增生症的临床疗效。方法：216例前列腺增生症患者采用TUVP联合TURP治疗。结果：手术时间40-90min，平均61min,切除组织19-56g，平均37g；无尿失禁和死亡病例，6例输血。术后随访1-18个月．国际前列腺症状评分3～14分，平均8分；最大尿流率9～20mL／s，平均14．5mL／s。结论：应用TUVP联合TURP治疗前列腺增生症具有止血效果较好．疗效确切，安全性高及并发症少等优点，值得临床应用。     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术联合经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TUVP）联合经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）的临床应用。方法采用TUVP联合TURP治疗BPH患者497例,平均年龄69.1岁。结果手术顺利,出血量少,手术时间缩短,无电切综合征发生,术后随访3～12个月,暂时性尿失禁2例,1～9个月恢复,尿道口狭窄12例,扩张后恢复。结论 TUVP并TURP治疗BPH可较彻底切除腺体,出血少,安全,特别对前列腺尖部及精阜部周围腺体的切除更安全,术后尿道刺激症状持续时间短。     

经尿道气化切割加电切术治疗前列腺增生症300例报告

目的：探讨经尿道气化切割（TUEVP）加电切术（TURP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的疗效，并介绍应用体会。方法：采用TUEVP加TURP治疗BPH300例。结果：术后排尿功能恢复良好，术后3个月时随访，国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）平均7．8，最大尿流率（MFR）平均18.5ml/s,120例B超剩余尿平均12ml。术中发生电切综合征2例。膀胱颈后尿道狭窄1例，长期尿失禁1例。结论：TUEVP加TURP是治疗BPH的有效方法，但仍应注意并发症的预防。     

经尿道前列腺电切和气化术治疗前列腺增生症36例

目的：探讨良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的有效治疗方法。方法：联合应用经尿道前列腺电气化术(TUVP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH患者36例，平均年龄69岁，其中Ⅰ度增生2例，Ⅱ度增生15例，Ⅲ度增生13例，Ⅳ度增生6例。结果：手术操作时间30～140min，平均74min。术后3个月随访，按国际前列腺症状评分平均8．5分，最大尿流率平均17．6mL／s，剩余尿量平均27mL，未出现严重并发症。结论：气化和电切结合行经尿道前列腺切除术是一种安全性高，并发症少，疗效确切的手术方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生1965例体会

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TUPR)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床效果,提高TUP的治疗水平.方法 1999年8月～2008年8月应用TURP治疗BPH 1965例.年龄46～95岁,平均74.1岁.术前B超测定前列腺体积17.5～220 g,平均48.3 g,最大尿流率(Qmax)平均8.1 mL/s,平均尿流率(Qzve)4.8 mL/s,平均剩余尿量(RU)75 mL.国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评分平均23分.结果 1 689例患者手术效果满意,切除前列腺组织平均35.8g,电切平均时间45 min,术中有13例输血200～400 mL,无因穿孔或者无法控制的出血需改开放手术的病例,术后123例发生尿道狭窄,发生电切综合征(TURS)先兆15例,无TURS发生.1 250例患者随访1～9年,Qmax平均增至17.2 mL/s,Qzve平均增至10.9 mL/s,RU平均降至15 mL.IPSS平均8分.结论 TURP具有创伤小、出血少、疗程短、并发症少、适应证广等优点,但对技术要求较高,术后前尿道狭窄发生率稍高.     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切联合经尿道前列腺电切治疗良性前列腺增生症

目的 分析观察经尿道前列腺汽化电切（TUVP）与经尿道前列腺电切（TURP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的疗效。方法 96例TUVP加TURP切除前列腺，平均手术时间40min。结果 96例均手术顺利，前列腺症状评分、最大尿流率、平均尿流率均明显改善，7例发生轻微并发症经处理恢复。结论 TUVP联合TURP治疗BPH，结合两者优点，出血少，时间短，疗效确切。     

经尿道2微米激光前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生并后尿道狭窄疗效观察

目的探讨经尿道2μm激光前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生(BPH)合并后尿道狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法BPH合并后尿路狭窄患者124例,采用随机数字表法分为两组各62例,TURP组采用经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗,激光组采用2μm激光前列腺切除术治疗,比较两组围术期相关指标、手术效果及术后并发症发生情况。结果激光组手术时间长于TURP组,术中出血量、尿管留置时间及住院时间少于TURP组(P 0. 05);术后3月时,两组IPSS评分、QOL评分、血清PSA水平及RUV降低,Qmax升高,且激光组IPSS评分、QOL评分、血清PSA水平及RUV低于TURP组,Qmax高于TURP组(P 0. 05);激光组术后并发症发生率低于TURP组(P 0. 05)。结论经尿道2μm激光前列腺切除术治疗BPH合并后尿道狭窄可有效切除增生前列腺,解除后尿路狭窄,改善患者症状,提高患者生活质量,其疗效和安全性均优于TURP。     

经尿道联合应用汽化与切割治疗前列腺增生症

目的：探讨前列腺增生症（BPH）的有效治疗方法。方法：采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术TUVP）联合经尿道前列腺电切除术（TURP）治疗BPH43例。结果：术中均未输血，术后随访2－14个月，效果满意，均排尿通畅，并发症少。结论：本方法操作简易，出血少，能扩大手术适应症。     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生144例分析

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）治疗良性前列腺增生BPH的疗效及其并发症。方法：采用TURP治疗BPH患者144例,比较术前及术后3个月的最大尿流率Qmax、剩余尿量RUV、前列腺体积PV,国际前列腺症状评分IPSS及生活质量评分QOLS,并分析了术后并发症。结果：术后3个月与术前相比,RUV、PV、IPSS、QOLS明显减少,Qmax显著增加。主要并发症包括经尿道前列腺电切综合征TURS、尿道狭窄、膀胱颈狭窄。结论：采用TURP治疗BPH,疗效确切,安全性高,并发症较少。     

分区切割法经尿道电切重度前列腺增生症

目的：探讨重度前列腺增生症（BPH）经尿道电切治疗效果。方法：采用分区切割法经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）治疗重症BPH，结果：切除前列腺重量平均50．6g，平均手术时间55mm，无一例输血，无永久尿失禁及电切综合症（TURS）发生，结论：分区切割法能提高切除效率及质量，减少 并发症，重度BPH不是TURP的禁忌症。     

前列腺特异抗原和经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨前列腺声像图特点、血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 分析47例经直肠超声引导系统6点加目的 性穿刺患者前列腺声像图特点及临床资料,其中前列腺癌组17例,前列腺增生组30例.结果 前列腺癌组与前列腺增生组异常血流信号发现率分别为88.2%、36.7%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组异常回声结节发生率和前列腺体积的差异无统计学意义(P >0.05).游离前列腺特导性抗原(FPSA )、前列腺特导性抗原密度(PSAD)、FPSA/总前列腺特异抗原(TPSA)对前列腺癌诊断的ROC曲线面积分别为0.692、0.739、0.214.以PSAD≥0.15 μg/ml·cm3诊断前列腺癌的阳性预测值为50%,敏感性为76.5%,特异性为56.7%.结论 异常血流分布较低回声结节更具有特征性的前列腺癌超声表现,其指导目的 性穿刺的准确率较高,PSAD是较TPSA及FPSA/TPSA更有价值的前列腺癌预测指标.     

Targeted prostate biopsy and MR-guided therapy for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer and second-leading cause of death in men. Many patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer undergo definitive treatment of the whole gland including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and cryosurgery. Active surveillance is a growing alternative option for patients with documented low-volume, low-grade prostate cancer. With recent advances in software and hardware of MRI, multiparametric MRI of the prostate has been shown to improve the accuracy in detecting and characterizing clinically significant prostate cancer. Targeted biopsy is increasingly utilized to improve the yield of MR-detected, clinically significant prostate cancer and to decrease in detection of indolent prostate cancer. MR-guided targeted biopsy techniques include cognitive MR fusion TRUS biopsy, in-bore transrectal targeted biopsy using robotic transrectal device, and in-bore direct MR-guided transperineal biopsy with a software-based transperineal grid template. In addition, advances in MR compatible thermal ablation technology allow accurate focal or regional delivery of optimal thermal energy to the biopsy-proved, MRI-detected tumor, utilizing cryoablation, laser ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation under MR guidance and real-time or near simultaneous monitoring of the ablation zone. Herein we present a contemporary review of MR-guided targeted biopsy techniques of MR-detected lesions as well as MR-guided focal or regional thermal ablative therapies for localized naïve and recurrent cancerous foci of the prostate.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术治疗前列腺增生

目的:探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的安全性和疗效。方法:回顾分析经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生60例临床资料。结果:手术时间30~100 min,切除前列腺重量30~90 g,术中出血少,无前列腺电切综合征,术后留置尿管时间4 d(3~7 d)。术后随访3~6个月,无尿失禁,最大尿流率由术前(5.7±3.3)mL/s升到术后(20.5±4.5)mL/s,国际前列腺症状评分由术前(23.8±1.2)分降到术后(7.8±0.5)分。结论:经尿道等离子体前列腺切除术具有安全性高、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。     

Hereditary prostate cancer

Familial prostate cancer patients are sometimes encountered. Hereditary prostate cancer is a more specific form of familial prostate cancer that is inherited by a susceptibility gene consistent with Mendelian inheritance. Early age at onset is the most important characteristic. No clear differences in either stage, grade or prognosis have been found between hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer. No susceptibility genes have been isolated yet, but several genes may exist. In Japan, doctors are not generally aware of hereditary and familial prostate cancer. Family history is one of the most important risk factors of prostate cancer. We should make an effort to find prostate cancer patients at an early stage in the high risk families.     

Robotized prostate biopsy

Summary

The authors describe their experience about a robotic system designed to perform prostatic biopsies, locally and tele-controlled. The system employs an industrial robotic arm with four degrees of freedom made up of a biopty gun and 18 gauge biopty needle. An ultrasound scanner with a trans-rectal probe 7.5 MHz is necessary to localize the target area into the prostate. A telemetric system allows one to plot the position of the ultrasound probe by video cameras mounted on the robot support and three infrared lights mounted on an ultrasound probe and the coordinates (roll, pitch, yaw) are converted into robot coordinates from a computer controller. A tele control is possible too through a remote control station connected with the local station by an ISDN telephone line. Experimental tests proved a precision of 2 mm from the target point when the test has been executed in the predetermined working area. After the authorization of the Ethical Committee of the University of Milan, a clinical test has been performed in a man undergoing cistoprostatectomy because of bladder cancer. Two biopsies have been done on a 5 mm target area. No complication has been observed at the following cistoprostatectomy. The robotic prostate biopsy represents a good start point to improve the application of robotics in surgery and tele-surgery.     

Post-treatment prostate MRI

Abdominal Radiology - Accurate early detection of recurrent prostate cancer after surgical or nonsurgical treatment is increasingly relevant in the era of evolving options for salvage therapy. The...