The result of S1 double screw fixation in patients not suited for L4 and/or L5 pedicle screw insertion

Background

Variable methods are available for sacropelvic fixation. The usefulness of S1 double screw fixation for deformity surgery is established, but its effectiveness in cases where the L4 and/or L5 pedicle screw is not appropriate has not been reported.

Methods

We reviewed medical records to identify long-segment, lumbar spine fixation involving S1 double screws. Nine such patients were treated between November 2006 and November 2012 at our center: all patients had infectious spondylitis involving L4 and/or L5. Two patients were excluded due to a limited follow-up period (< 6 months). The remaining seven patients were enrolled. We used dynamic X-rays or three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) to assess any change in the lumbar alignment angle and to evaluate bony fusion with the graft material.

Results

The mean observation period of the seven patients was 16.9 months (range: 6–25). The mean age was 63.43 years (range: 55–73). Four patients were women. The average number of fusion levels was 3.5?±?1.1. The ideal positioning and maintenance of the S1 double screws and bony fusion with the graft materials were confirmed using serial imaging. Lordosis in the lumbar region was immediately restored after surgery (27.0 °?±?10.4 to 35.1 °?±?10.7), and maintained with slight decrease (31.6 °?±?8.8) throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusions

S1 double screws provided stability when L4 and/or L5 pedicle screw fixation was not possible. Our results suggest that S1 double screws are a viable option for sacropelvic fixation in selected patients.     

Free-hand placement of occipital condyle screws: a cadaveric study

Purpose

Cranio-vertebral junction fixation is challenging due to the complex topographical anatomy and the presence of important anatomical structures. There are several limitations to the traditional occipital squama fixation methods. The purpose of this work is to assess the safety and feasibility of a new optimum trajectory of occipital condyle (OC) screws for occipitocervical fixation via a free-hand technique.

Methods

Eight different parameters of OC morphology were studied in fifty adult skulls. Free-hand placement of OC screws was performed in five cadavers using 3.5-mm titanium polyaxial screws and a 3-mm rod construct (C0–C1–C2). Postoperative computed tomography was performed to determine the success of the screw placement and their angulation, length and effect on hypoglossal canal volume.

Results

The average length, width and height of the OC were 24.2 ± 3.6, 14.2 ± 1.9, and 10.7 ± 2 mm, respectively. The average medio-lateral, hypoglossal canal and atlanto-occipital joint angles were 38.8° medially ±5°, 7.4° rostrally ±1.9° and 23.4° caudally ±3.5°, respectively. The ten screws were successfully inserted using a free-hand technique with bicortical purchase. There was no vertebral artery injury or breach of the hypoglossal canal in any specimen. The average screw length was 22.2 ± 3.9 mm. The average medio-lateral angle was 30° medially ±6.7°. The average cranio-caudal angle was 4° caudally ±6.2°.

Conclusions

The free-hand technique of OC screw placement is a safe and viable option for occipitocervical fixation and may be a preferred alternative in selected cases. However, further studies are needed to compare its safety and reliability to other more established methods.     

Angulated locking plate in periprosthetic proximal femur fractures: biomechanical testing of a new prototype plate

Introduction

To improve proximal plate fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures, a prototype locking plate with proximal posterior angulated screw positioning was developed and biomechanically tested.

Methods

Twelve fresh frozen, bone mineral density matched human femora, instrumented with cemented hip endoprosthesis were osteotomized simulating a Vancouver B1 fracture. Specimens were fixed proximally with monocortical (LCP) or angulated bicortical (A-LCP) head-locking screws. Biomechanical testing comprised quasi-static axial bending and torsion and cyclic axial loading until catastrophic failure with motion tracking.

Results

Axial bending and torsional stiffness of the A-LCP construct were (1,633?N/mm?±?548 standard deviation (SD); 0.75?Nm/deg?±?0.23?SD) at the beginning and (1,368?N/mm?±?650?SD; 0.67?Nm/deg?±?0.25?SD) after 10,000 cycles compared to the LCP construct (1,402?N/mm?±?272?SD; 0.54?Nm/deg?±?0.19?SD) at the beginning and (1,029?N/mm?±?387?SD; 0.45?Nm/deg?±?0.15) after 10,000 cycles. Relative movements for medial bending and axial translation differed significantly between the constructs after 5,000 cycles (A-LCP 2.09°?±?0.57?SD; LCP 5.02°?±?4.04?SD; p?=?0.02; A-LCP 1.25?mm?±?0.33?SD; LCP 2.81?mm?±?2.32?SD; p?=?0.02) and after 15,000 cycles (A-LCP 2.96°?±?0.70; LCP 6.52°?±?2.31; p?=?0.01; A-LCP 1.68?mm?±?0.32; LCP 3.14?mm?±?0.68; p?=?0.01). Cycles to failure (criterion 2?mm axial translation) differed significantly between A-LCP (15,500?±?2,828?SD) and LCP construct (5,417?±?7,236?SD), p?=?0.03.

Conclusion

Bicortical angulated screw positioning showed less interfragmentary osteotomy movement and improves osteosynthesis in periprosthetic fractures.     

Periazetabuläre Osteotomie zur Behandlung der Hüftgelenkdysplasie unter Verwendung eines ilioinguinalen Zugangs

Objective

Three-dimensional osteotomy around the acetabulum in order to restore coverage of the femoral head without compromising pelvic stability and to alleviate pain.

Indications

Painful hip dysplasia in young patients with poor coverage of the femoral head.

Contraindications

Open epiphyseal plates. Lack of congruency between femoral head and acetabulum. Advanced osteoarthritis. Flexion < 90°.

Surgical Technique

Ilioinguinal incision according to Letournel. Three osteotomies. First osteotomy: superior pubic ramus. Second osteotomy, first step: iliac cut from midpoint between anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spine to 1 cm above the pelvic brim; second step: iliac cut at an angle of 110–120° to first step aiming at the ischial spine 4 cm below the pelvic brim. Third osteotomy, first step: anterior ischial osteotomy beneath the acetabulum; second step: ischial osteotomy from the lower end of the second osteotomy (second step) to the already created anterior ischial osteotomy. The orientation of the acetabulum is changed to the desired position with help of a Schanz screw, temporary fixation with Kirschner wires. Image intensifier control. Fixation of fragment with three 3.5-mm cortical screws.

Results

From 1994 until 2001, 32 periacetabular osteotomies in 31 patients were performed. 28 patients had a follow-up for ≥ 1 year. 27 of 28 patients were satisfied at follow-up. The unsatisfied patient suffered from severe pain due to a partial lesion of the sciatic nerve. One hip has been converted to total hip arthroplasty 7 years later. No intraoperative injury to large vessels, no thromboembolic complication. No accidental osteotomy into the hip.     

Computed tomography morphometric analysis of C2 translaminar screw fixation of Wright’s technique and a modified technique in the pediatric cervical spine

Purpose

To establish reference data on the dimensions of C2 lamina to guide the use of translaminar screws with Wright’s technique and a modified technique for pediatric patients in different age groups.

Methods

113 pediatric patients were divided into six age groups, and their cervical vertebrae were studied on CT scans. Laminar height, width, length and screw angle were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t tests, Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis.

Results

Mean laminar height was 10.95 ± 2.81 mm, and mean width was 6.01 ± 0.90 mm. For Wright’s technique, mean laminar length was 30.65 ± 3 mm, and the screw angle was 56.02° ± 3.62°. For the modified technique, mean laminar length was 22.07 ± 2.38 mm, and the screw angle was 67.40° ± 3.39°. 95.6 % (108/113) of the children could insert a screw into the lamina (laminar width ≥4.5 mm), 72.6 % (82/113) could accept bilateral translaminar screws (laminar width ≥4.5 mm and laminar height ≥9 mm).

Conclusion

Our investigation provides insight into the anatomy of C2 lamina in six pediatric age groups. Compared to adults, the benefits of C2 translaminar screws fixation are more obvious in the pediatric spine which has a large C2 lamina. Compared to Wright’s technique, the modified technique should insert a screw with bigger insert angle and shorter screw length.     

Normal sagittal of the anterior cruciate ligament can be reproduced using accessory anteromedial portal technique: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Introduction

Over time, the need for anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to restore normal kinematics and postoperative function of the knee has been accepted. The purpose of this study was to compare the sagittal alignment of reconstructed ACL, which is performed between transtibial (TT) technique and accessory anteromedial (AAM) portal technique and between the reconstructed and the normal side in the same patient. In addition, we used the head of a metallic femoral interference screw as a reference to measure the femoral tunnel position.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective study with 15 patients in each group: accessory anteromedial portal technique (n?=?15), TT technique (n?=?15) and contralateral normal side of each technique group (15 knees per technique). Magnetic resonance images of the ACL sagittal angle and radiographs of the coronal screw angle were used for comparing the two groups. The paired t test was used to compare operated and contralateral normal knee and independent t test was used to compare the TT and the AAM groups.

Results

The sagittal angle of ACL of AAM technique (51.6?±?3.3°) was not different from the normal side (50.8?±?2.1°) (P?=?0.270), however that of the TT technique (59.9?±?5.7°) was significantly different from the normal side (50.9?±?2.4°) (P?P?P?Conclusion The anatomic sagittal angle of ACL can be achieved using the AAM technique compared with the TT technique. In addition, the angle of the screw in coronal plane was more horizontal using the AAM technique than with use of the TT technique.

Level of evidence

Level III, diagnostic study.     

C-OnSite® for intraoperative 3D control of pedicular screw positions

Background

Two-dimensional image guidance and navigation can help to reduce the number of misplaced pedicle screws, but do not completely prevent misplacement. This experimental, retrospective, non-inferiority study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of a novel 3D imaging technique versus conventional postoperative CT-scan, for intra-operative determination of pedicle screw position accuracy.

Methods

The capacity of C-OnSite® to intraoperatively assess screw placement was evaluated in 28 clinical cases and 23 deliberately misplaced screws in a cadaver model, and compared to placement accuracy determined by standard CT. The position of each implant, as viewed by both modalities, was graded by three neurosurgeons, one orthopaedic-surgeon and one radiologist. The intermodal variance determined the difference between CT- and C-OnSite® results for each observer, while the inter-observer variance measured the difference between ratings of the same modality by different observers.

Results

C-OnSite® successfully assessed 120/138 screws (25/28 cases). Mean procedural fluoroscopy time was 132?±?51s, and 40?±?16s per C-OnSite® scan. The average inter-modality variance was ,15 % with mismatches >1° between C-OnSite® and the gold-standard imaging technique in only 2 % of the comparisons. Average inter-observer variances were about similar (12 % for CT and 18 % for C-OnSite®), with deviations of >1° reaching 1 % for CT and 3 % for C-OnSite®. Individual variances between experienced only observers differed even less.

Conclusions

C-OnSite® is a feasible, reliable and intuitive means of intraoperatively visualizing pedicle screw positions and might render the majority of postoperative CTs superfluous. C-OnSite® might help avoid re-operations for screw re-positioning.     

Posterior-only correction of Scheuermann kyphosis using pedicle screws: economical optimization through screw density reduction

Introduction

Posterior-only approach using pedicle screws’ fixation has emerged as the preferred surgical technique for Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) correction. Insertion of multiple pedicle screws while increasing stability increases also the risk of complications related to screw malpositioning and surgical cost. The optimal screw density required in surgical correction of SK remains unclear. This study compares the safety and efficacy of low screw density (LSD) versus high screw density (HSD) technique used in posterior-only correction of SK.

Methods

Twenty-one patients underwent surgical correction of SK between 2007 and 2011 and were reviewed after a mean of 29 months. HSD technique (i.e., 100 % of available pedicles, averaged 25.2 ± 4 screws) was used in 10 cases and LSD technique (i.e., 54–69 % of available pedicles in a pre-determined pattern, averaged 16.8 ± 1.3 screws; p < 0.001) was used in 11 cases. Kyphosis correction was assessed by comparing thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal balance on preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Cost saving analysis was performed for each group.

Results

Preoperative thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal balance were similar for both groups. The average postoperative kyphosis correction was similar in both HSD and LSD groups (29° ± 9° vs. 34° ± 6°, respectively; p = 0.14). Complication occurred in four patients (19 %) in the HSD group and in two patients (9 %) in the LSD group (p = 0.56). Three patients required re-operation. Compared to HSD using LSD saves 4,200£ per patient in hardware and 88,200£ for the entire cohort.

Conclusion

LSD technique is as safe and effective as HSD technique in posterior-only correction of SK. Implant-related cost could be reduced by 32 %.     

First generation computerized fluoroscopic navigation in percutaneous pelvic surgery

Percutaneous internal fixation of pelvic fractures has gained popularity allowing rapid mobilization with reduced surgical related morbidity; however, this method depends on conventional fluoroscopy, which exposes the patient and the surgeon to a significant amount of radiation. The use of computerized fluoroscopic navigation systems enables the simultaneous use of several radiographic projections. These preliminary fluoroscopic views are taken when the operating team stands at a distance from the radiation source. No further fluoroscopic radiation is used later during the surgical procedure. Computerized fluoroscopic navigation was used in the percutaneous insertion of 45 cannulated screws in 29 patients, including sacroiliac screws, pubic ramus screws, posterior column screws, and a supraacetabular transverse screw. Fluoroscopic verification of screw placement demonstrated a deviation 相似文献   

Mechanical Influence of Pubic Nonunion on the Stress Distribution After Curved Periacetabular Osteotomy: Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

BackgroundPubic nonunion after curved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) reportedly occurs in 1%-17% of patients and causes pubic pain in 21%. Furthermore, pubic nonunion is associated with a risk of ischial ramus stress fracture, but the mechanical influence of pubic nonunion has not been fully clarified.MethodsPatient-specific finite element (FE) analysis was performed using Mechanical Finder software. Three FE models (pre-CPO, union, and nonunion models) were constructed from preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic data. The contact area (mm²) and contact pressure (MPa) in the hip joint as well as the equivalent stress (MPa) at the ischial ramus were evaluated among the 3 FE models.ResultsPatient-specific FE models were generated using 18 consecutive hips treated with CPO. The mean contact pressure in the hip joint was not significantly different between the union and nonunion models (0.50 ± 0.10 vs 0.50 ± 0.09 MPa, P = .88). However, the mean equivalent stress at the ischial ramus in the nonunion models was 1.7 times higher than that in the union models (1.13 ± 0.77 vs 0.64 ± 0.45 MPa, P < .01).ConclusionFE analysis revealed that pubic nonunion did not affect the mechanical distribution in the hip joint itself but increased the mean equivalent stress at the ischial ramus. This finding suggests the importance of achieving pubic union after CPO to avoid the risk of ischial ramus stress fracture.     

逆行耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定应用解剖研究

目的探讨耻骨上支髓内螺钉的正确进钉方法和位置,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。方法解剖6具成人尸体,制成骨性骨盆标本。在直视下,以克氏针模拟逆行耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定法。分别测量钉长、进钉点与耻骨结节的关系、螺钉与两侧髂前上棘和耻骨结节构成平面的夹角、与矢状面的夹角及耻骨上支直径等。结果对于耻骨上支内1／2、外1／2的骨折,平均钉长、螺钉与两侧髂前上棘和耻骨结节构成平面及矢状面的夹角,最窄处直径为皆有差异。结论耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定对于耻骨支不同部位的骨折进钉点和进钉方向不同,用于治疗骨盆前环的耻骨支骨折是安全、可行的。     

Cervical lateral mass screw fixation without fluoroscopic control: analysis of risk factors for complications associated with screw insertion

Objective

To examine the outcome of cervical lateral mass screw fixation focusing on analysis of the risk factors for screw-related complications.

Methods

Ninety-four patients who underwent posterior cervical fixation with a total of 457 lateral mass screws were included in the study. The lateral mass screws were placed using a modified Magerl method. Computed tomographic (CT) images were taken in the early postoperative period in all patients, and the screw trajectory angle was measured on both axial and sagittal plane images.

Results

In the postoperative CT analysis for the screw trajectory, 56.5?% of the screws were directed within the acceptable range (within 21–40° on both axial and sagittal planes). As intraoperative screw-associated complications, 9.6?% of the screws were found to contact with or breach the vertebral artery foramen. In this group, the screw trajectory angle on axial plane was significantly lower than in the group without contact. Facet violation was observed in 13 screws (2.8?%). This complication was associated with a significantly lower trajectory angles in the sagittal plane, predominantly at C6 level (69.2?%). In the patient chart review, no serious neurovascular injuries were documented.

Conclusions

In the analysis of potential risk factors for violation of the VA foramen as well as FV during screw insertion, the former incidence was significantly related to the screw trajectory angle (lack of lateral angulation) in the axial plane, while the latter incidence was related to a poor screw trajectory angle in the sagittal plane.     

Reduced loosening rate and loss of correction following posterior stabilization with or without PMMA augmentation of pedicle screws in vertebral fractures in the elderly

Background

Therapy of vertebral fractures in the elderly is a growing challenge for surgeons. Within the last two decades, the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures has been widely established. Besides vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, the augmentation of pedicle screws with PMMA found widespread use to strengthen the implant–bone interface. Several studies showed an enhanced pullout strength of augmented screws compared to standard pedicle screws in osteoporotic bone models. To validate the clinical relevance, we analyzed postoperative radiologic follow-up data in regard to secondary loss of correction and loosening of pedicle screws in elderly patients.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective comparative study, 24 patients admitted to our level I trauma center were analyzed concerning screw loosening and secondary loss of correction following vertebral fracture and posterior instrumentation. Loss of correction was determined by the bisegmental Cobb angle and kyphosis angle of the fractured vertebra. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were used to analyze the prevalence of clear zones around the pedicle screws as a sign of loosening.

Results

In 15 patients (mean age 76 ± 9.3 years) with 117 PMMA-augmented pedicle screws, 4.3 % of screws showed signs of loosening, whereas in nine patients (mean age 75 ± 8.2 years) with 86 uncemented screws, the loosening rate was 62.8 %. Thus, PMMA-augmented pedicle screws showed a significantly lower loosening rate compared to regular pedicle screws. Loss of correction was minimal, despite poor bone quality. There was significantly less loss of correction in patients with augmented pedicle screws (1.1° ± 0.8°) as compared to patients without augmentation (5° ± 3.8°).

Conclusion

The reinforcement of pedicle screws using PMMA augmentation may be a viable option in the surgical treatment of spinal fractures in the elderly.     

Effects of the grade, stability, chronological classification and being either unilateral or bilateral of the slip on the treatment by in situ single screw fixation of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Purpose

The effects of the grade, stability, chronological classification and being either unilateral or bilateral of the slip on the outcomes of the treatment by in situ single screw fixation of the Slipped capital femoral epiphysis were investigated.

Methods

34 hips of 24 patients (7 girls, 17 boys; mean age 12.04?years; range 9?C14; 14 slips acute, 7 slips acute on chronic, 13 slips chronic; 22 slips stable, 12 slips unstable; 20 slips Grade 1, 13 slips Grade 2, 1 slips Grade 3) between 2003 and 2009 were involved in the study. During the controls; range of motion, walking abnormalities, Trendelenburg test, use of assistive devices during mobilization, existence of pain and complications were evaluated. The evaluation of clinical results was made according to the average Harris Hip Score.

Results

10 of 24 patients showed evidence of a slip of the contralateral hip on average 10.6 (6?C16)?months after the initial operation. At mean 41.52?±?8.08?months controls, the Harris Hip Score was found 77.41?±?14.66, hip-joint motions, flexion 120° (70°?C140°), abduction 40° (20°?C60°), internal rotation 25° (10°?C40°). Evaluation at the last follow-up showed significant differences between single hip slip than both hip slip, stable slip than unstable slip and Grade 1 slip than Grade 2 slip. In the last control of one patient with a Grade 3 slip, avascular necrosis has been observed. Considering the effect on the clinical results of the chronological classification of the no slip, significant differences have been seen between the clinical outcomes of the acute, chronic or acute on chronic slips.

Discussion

The outcomes of the treatment by in situ single screw fixation are negatively affected by increase in the grade of slip, instability of the slip and existence of slip at both hips.     

Navigation of the tibial plateau alone appears to be sufficient in computer-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Purpose

The aim of this study was to present our technique to implant unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using navigation and to give our first results regarding the accuracy of the device.

Methods

A total of 33 patients with medial femorotibial osteoarthritis (31) or avascular necrosis (2) were included in this study. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was 172.7?±?2.2° (range 167?C177°) and the preoperative planning aimed to reach an HKA angle between 175 and 179° (177?±?2°), a tibial varus at 3?±?1°, which means a tibial mechanical angle (TMA) close to 87?±?1°, and posterior tibial slope at 3?±?2°. In all cases, we used the OrthoPilot? device with dedicated software allowing us to navigate only the tibial plateau.

Results

The preoperative plan was reached in 93.9?% of cases for HKA angle, 84.8?% for TMA and 100?% for the posterior slope.

Conclusions

Unicompartmental knee navigation is reliable. The navigation of only the tibial bone cut is a reasonable option as has been shown in this study. Its role is invaluable in the positioning of mobile-bearing UKA, where the risk of overcorrection should not be underestimated.     

Relationship between distal screws and femoral arteries in closed hip nailing on computed tomography angiography

Background

Iatrogenic vascular injury as a result of closed hip nailing is not common, but is a regularly reported complication after hip fracture surgeries.

Methods

To prevent vascular injury in closed hip nailing by identifying the range of distances and angles between deep and superficial femoral arteries (DFAs and SFAs) and distal screws.

Patients and methods

Forty subjects who underwent computed tomography angiographies were included in this study. Imaginary lines marking the distal screws (proximal femoral nail antirotation-II [PFNA-II], 180 and 300 mm; inter-trochanteric/sub-trochanteric nails [ITST], 200 and 300 mm) were drawn on the scout film. On arterial phase images, angles between distal screw lines and those marking DFAs or SFAs, as well as the distance between each artery and far cortex, were measured using the cross-reference capabilities of the picture archiving and communication system.

Results

The short nails (PFNA-II 200 mm and ITST 180 mm) were closest to the DFAs, indicating that these nails are most likely to cause injury (PFNA-II 200 mm: 11.2 ± 13.7° anterior and 9.87 ± 5.83 mm; ITST 180 mm: 22.56 ± 15.92° posterior and 9.24 ± 4.74 mm). The short nails were relatively distant from the SFAs, which were located posteriorly to the long nails (PFNA-II 300 mm and ITST 300 mm).

Conclusions

These data indicate that insertion of distal screws into intramedullary nails increases the risk of injury to vascular structures. Surgeons must take care in drilling or inserting screws to ensure the prevention of vascular injury.     

Surgical management by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation for lumbo-sacral tuberculosis in the aged

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical study efficacy and feasibility of 17 aged patients with lumbo-sacral tuberculosis treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation.

Methods

17 aged patients who suffered from lumbo-sacral tuberculosis were admitted into our hospital between March 2003 and October 2010. All of them were treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation. Then the clinical efficacy with statistical analysis was evaluated based on the materials on the lumbo-sacral angle, neurological status that was recorded by Frankel grade system, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which were collected at certain time.

Results

The average follow-up period was 47.5?±?17.1?months (17?C71?months), In the 17 cases, no postoperative complications related to instrumentation occurred and neurologic function was improved in various degrees. The mean preoperative lumbo-sacral angle was 20.5°?±?1.7° (range 18.0°?C23.0°). The lumbo-sacral angle became 29.1°?±?1.5° (range 26.4°?C31.0°) postoperatively. The average pretreatment ESR was 57.4?±?16.8?mm/h (33?C95?mm/h), which got normal (9.2?±?3.1?mm/h) within 3?months in all patients. All patients got bony fusion within 6?C8?months after surgery.

Conclusions

One-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation can be an effective treatment method for the treatment of lumbo-sacral tuberculosis in the aged patients.     

Offen anatomische Rekonstruktion der chronischen Akromioklavikularinstabilität

Objective

The aim of open anatomic reconstruction of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is combined reconstruction of the AC and coracoclavicular ligaments using a tendon graft.

Indications

Symptomatic instabilities of the AC joint > type III.

Contraindications

Asymptomatic instabilities < type III and general contraindication against elective surgery.

Surgical technique

Through the open surgical approach, the exact anatomical insertion sites of the ligamentous structures can be reproduced. In addition, this approach enables accurate repositioning of the AC joint under direct vision (including possible debridement of the intraarticular discus) and an additional fixation of deltotrapezoidal fascia.

Postoperative management

Postoperatively, the arm is positioned in an abduction brace for 6–8 weeks. Passive exercises in flexion up to 90° and in external rotation up to 30° are permitted during this period. After 6–8 weeks, free and active motion is allowed.

Results

Between January 2003 and December 2010, 46 patients (9 women and 37 men, mean age 42?±?13 years) underwent AC combined reconstruction. Complete outcome data were available for 25 patients. Mean length of follow-up was 31?±?26 months. The mean preoperative coracoclavicular distance was 20.1?±?5.6 mm; postoperatively the mean distance was 7.1?±?3.0 mm (p?<?0.001) The mean clinical scores also statistically improved (p?<?0.001): American Shoulder and Elbow Score improved from 53.4?±?18.7 points preoperatively to 80.6?±?25.7 points postoperatively and the Constant Murley Score improved from 60.0?±?16.7 points preoperatively to 85.2?±?22.8 points postoperatively.     

骶髂关节螺钉联合前环耻骨支螺钉在Tile B型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的 :探讨微创经皮骨盆前环耻骨支螺钉固定在Tile B型骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析自2010年5月至2015年8月收治的骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折患者56例,其中男31例,女25例;年龄35~65岁,平均36.8岁。按Tile分型:B1型13例,B2型28例,B3型15例。26例采用骶髂螺钉联合外固定架治疗(外固定架组),30例采用骶髂螺钉联合前柱螺钉治疗(耻骨支螺钉组),从术中出血量、术后并发症、术后下地时间、骨折愈合情况、Majeed骨盆功能评分和视觉模拟评分(visual aualogue scale,VAS)等方面进行对比分析。结果:54例获得随访,时间3~24个月,平均12个月,两组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),耻骨支螺钉组术后下床时间、骨折愈合时间明显短于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组术后平均Majeed及VAS评分明显高于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组并发症发生率明显低于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :骶髂螺钉联合经皮耻骨支螺钉在治疗骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折的Tile B型骨盆骨折中具有术后下地时间早、疼痛减轻、并发症少等优点,是一种有效安全的治疗方法,能提高术后肢体功能,且有效减少术后并发症的发生。     

Clinical evaluation of the stability of single-segment short pedicle screw fixation for the reconstruction of lumbar and sacral tuberculosis lesions

Introduction

The routine surgical approach to posterior reconstruction in spinal tuberculosis is short- or long-segment fixation and/or fusion. This method sacrifices movement at more than one vertebral level, limits normal movement of the spinal column, and leads to degeneration of the small joints of the adjacent levels. Surgical techniques that reduce the number of fixed vertebral levels and maximize the retention of movement of the spinal column are of current interest in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.

Materials and methods

A total of 106 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis were randomly divided into two groups: a single-segment fixation group and a short-segment fixation group. After posterior correction and internal fixation, all patients underwent anterior radical debridement and interbody fusion with bone grafting.

Results

The mean postoperative follow-up period was 58.09?±?17.01?months. The average bone graft healing time was 4.35?±?1.04?months in the single-segment group and 4.47?±?1.10?months in the short-segment group. In the single-segment group, correction of the Cobb angle was 14.47?±?3.76° and the loss rate was 7.22?%, and in the short-segment group, correction of the Cobb angle was 16.20?±?2.70° and the loss rate was 6.37?% (P?P?Conclusions Single-segment pedicle screw fixation and correction surgery can fix and fuse the diseased segment in lumbar and sacral tuberculosis, retain normal movement in the adjacent spinal column, and promote functional recovery of the spinal column postoperatively. It was be regarded as a cost-effective means of treatment with lumbar and sacral tuberculosis.