PET/CT在儿童及青少年肿瘤患者中的应用

目的评价PET／CT在年轻肿瘤患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院行躯干PET／CT检查且年龄≤25岁的病例,共75例（男性35例,女性40例）89次检查。结果所患肿瘤前三位依次为淋巴瘤（31％）、卵巢肿瘤（16％）和神经内分泌肿瘤（8％）。PET／CT用于协助诊断（42％）、分期（11％）、疗效评估（27％）和复发监测（30％）。PET／CT对63％（22／35）的淋巴瘤诊断、分期、治疗评估和复发监测有重要意义,改变了58％（7／12）的卵巢肿瘤患者的诊疗决策,对40％的其他肿瘤患者有帮助。对年轻患者的图像分析须注意胸腺、卵巢和子宫内膜等生理性摄取。结论PET／CT对于指导儿童和青少年肿瘤诊疗具有较大价值,可在权衡辐照危害后合理选用。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌化疗和放射综合治疗--随机临床研究

目的：研究局部晚期鼻咽癌化疗和放射综合治疗的疗效及毒副反应。方法：1995年9月—1997年7月，86例病理确诊为鼻咽癌、根据福州九二新分期为N2-3的初治患者随机分组，综合治疗组41例，其中2例拒绝接受放疗后的辅助化疗，即综合治疗组可评估39例，单纯放疗组45例。综合治疗组接受2程诱导化疗[每天顺铂(DDP)20mg／m^2，第1～3天，每天氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)500mg／m^2，第1—3天，第二程化疗在第14天进行，放疗在第27天开始)及放疗后3程的辅助化疗。放疗为常规分割放疗。原发灶用^60Co治疗，每次1．85—1．9Gy，一周5次，7—7．5周总剂量65．1—70．3Gy／35—37次。颈部行双侧全颈根治性照射7—7．5周共56．6—65．5Gy／35—38次。如有残留，则局部缩野加量。两组鼻咽加量及颈淋巴结加量无显著差异。结果：中位随访期5．04年，综合治疗组和单纯放疗组五年生存率为72．3％，58．4％，(P=0．154)；无瘤生存率为59．9％，47．7％，(P=0．207)；鼻咽局控率为89．5％，81．4％，(P=0．151)；颈部局控率为88．3％，75．2％，(P=0．134)；无远处转移生存率为76．3％，60．3％，(P=0．181)，发生转移的中位时间分别为1．08年和0．88年。虽未达统计学意义，但综合治疗组有较单纯放疗组提高疗效的趋势。综合治疗组的主要毒性反应为白细胞降低、血小板降低及胃肠道反应。两组急性粘膜反应的严重程度差异无显著性。无与治疗有关的死亡发生。两组后期反应差异无显著性。结论：经5年观察，综合治疗有提高局控、降低远处转移、延迟远处转移的发生、提高无瘤生存率的可能，但均未达统计学意义，综合治疗未明显增加放疗反应。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的观察紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗远处转移的晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法经病理组织学或细胞学诊断的远处转移的晚期鼻咽癌病人40例,用紫杉醇135mg／m^2,静脉滴注,持续3h,d1给药;DDP80mg／m^2,静脉滴注,分3d用（d1、d2、d3）,21d为1周期,所有病例均至少接受2个周期化疗。结果CR3例,PR24例,总有效率67．5％。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,恶心、呕吐,脱发,肌肉及关节疼痛等。结论紫杉醇联合顺铂方案治疗远处转移的鼻咽癌有较高的有效率,毒副反应较小,值得临床进一步研究。     

卡培他滨维持治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的回顾性研究

目的:回顾性分析中国西北地区非高发区N2³期鼻咽癌根治性放化疗后序贯卡培他滨维持化疗的疗效,以明确卡培他滨维持化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗中的价值。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年12月空军军医大学第一附属医院初诊初治、经病理确诊为鼻咽癌N2³期的患者,给予诱导化疗2³个周期后联合同期放化疗,研究组(维持化疗组)在根治性放化疗后继续予以卡培他滨维持化疗4个周期,对照组(未维持化疗组)观察随访。比较两组患者的生存差异,评价两种方案的不良反应及顺应性。结果:共179例患者纳入本研究,研究组84例,对照组95例。两组病例一般临床资料均衡。全组中位随访时间44.4(5.97⁷0.26)个月,研究组与对照组3年无远处转移生存率(distant metastasis-free survival,DMFS)分别为79.3%、68.1%(χ²=3.898,P=0.048),3年无病生存率(disease-free survival,DFS)分别为75.6%、64.2%(χ²     

转移性鼻咽癌一线化疗后替吉奥维持治疗的多中心随机对照研究

目的:探讨转移性鼻咽癌一线化疗后替吉奥(S-1)维持治疗的有效性、安全性及获益的分子标志物,为延长转移性鼻咽癌患者无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)提供新选择.方法:选取2016年1月至2019年5月就诊于广西医科大学第四附属医院、广西医科大学第一附属医院、南宁市第二人民医院、桂...     

A prospective protocol for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents: the Italian Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age (TREP) project

BACKGROUND:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is very rare in childhood. It differs from its adult counterpart in the prevalence of the nonkeratinizing, undifferentiated subtype and by an advanced clinical stage at onset and better chances of survival. The risk of long‐term treatment‐related toxicity also may be a more important issue in younger individuals.

METHODS:

A prospective chemoradiotherapy protocol for pediatric NPC was started in Italy in 2000 within the framework of the Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age (TREP) project. Three courses of cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil induction chemotherapy were followed by radiotherapy (doses up to 65 grays) with concomitant cisplatin.

RESULTS:

Forty‐six patients (ages 9‐17 years) were considered eligible for the study over a 10‐year period. The ratio of observed to expected cases based on epidemiological data was approximately 1 for both children and adolescents. All but 1 patient had lymph node involvement, and 5 patients had distant metastases. The rate of response to primary chemotherapy was 90%. The 5‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates were 80.9% and 79.3%, respectively (median follow‐up, 62 months). The only statistically significant prognostic variable was the presence or absence of distant metastases. A 65% incidence of late sequelae was reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of a prospective protocol even for such rare tumors as pediatric NPC. The use of lower radiotherapy doses than those used in adults did not affect locoregional failure rates. Long‐term follow‐up will be needed to obtain more information on both survival and treatment sequelae. The next objective will be to establish broader, international prospective cooperation schemes. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Induction with mitomycin C, doxorubicin, cisplatin and maintenance with weekly 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin for treatment of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase II study.

The combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF) is the most popular regimen for treating metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but it is limited by severe stomatitis and chronic cisplatin-related toxicity. A novel approach including induction with mitomycin C, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MAP) and subsequent maintenance with weekly 5-FU and leucovorin (FL) were designed with an aim to reduce acute and chronic toxicity of PF. Thirty-two patients of NPC with measurable metastatic lesions in the liver or lung were entered into this phase II trial. Mitomycin C 8 mg m(-2), doxorubicin 40 mg m(-2) and cisplatin 60 mg m(-2) were given on day 1 every 3 weeks as initial induction. After either four courses or remission was achieved, patients received weekly dose of 5-FU 450 mg m(-2) and leucovorin 30 mg m(-2) for maintenance until disease progression. With 105 courses of MAP given, 5% were accompanied by grade 3 and 0% were accompanied by grade 4 stomatitis. The dose-limiting toxicity of MAP was myelosuppression. Forty per cent of courses had grade 3 and 13% of courses had grade 4 leukopenia. No grade 3 or 4 cisplatin-related toxicity was observed. The overall response rate was 94% (95% confidence interval (CI) 84.9-100%) with a complete response rate (CR) of 6% (95% CI: 0-15.2%) and a good partial response (PR) rate of 28% (95% CI 11.7-44.6%), which was optionally defined as observance of only equivocal lesion identifiable under imaging study. Twenty-seven cases entered weekly FL maintenance phase. The median duration of maintenance with weekly FL was 38 weeks (8-91 weeks). There was no grade 3 or 4 toxicity noted during weekly FL. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 11.6+/-0.4 and 18.1+/-3.6 months respectively. Six patients with a median follow-up of 19.8 months (9.6-41.0 months) were still alive and five of them had disease under control with FL. Good responders (CR and good PR) had better survival than less satisfactory responders (PR and stable disease) (P = 0.05). From Cox's multivariate regression analysis, the only significant prognostic factor for survival was good response to MAP (P = 0.042). Liver metastasis was the only significant variable in the best subset regression model that predicted good response to MAP (CR and good PR) (P = 0.027). MAP was an effective combination for metastatic NPC with minimal stomatitis and cisplatin-related toxicity but had significant myelosuppression. Weekly FL was a maintenance therapy with minimal side-effects. The response rate and overall survival of MAP-FL were better than series previously reported even when a subset of patients with poor prognosis was selected. MAP-FL's role as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy is worthy of further study.     

Distant metastasis risk and patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the era of IMRT: long-term results and benefits of chemotherapy

Purpose: To report the distant metastasis (DM) risk and patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and to analyze the benefits of chemotherapy based on DM risk.Materials and Methods: 576 NPC patients were analyzed. The DM rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare differences. The patients were divided into different risk subclassifications according to DM hazard ratios.Results: 91 patients developed DM after treatment, with bone as the most common metastatic sites. 82.4% of DMs occurred within 3 years of treatment. Patients were classified as low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk, and the corresponding 5-year DM rates were 5.1%, 13.1% and 32.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Chemotherapy failed to decrease the DM rate in the low-risk subclassification, but decreased the DM risk in the intermediate-risk subclassification (P = 0.025). In the high-risk subclassificaiton, the DM rate was 31.9% though chemotherapy was used, which was significantly higher than that of other two subclassifications.Conclusions: DM is the dominant treatment failure in NPC treated by IMRT, with similar occurrence times and distributions to those that occurred in the era of conventional radiotherapy. Further studies on treatment optimization are needed in high-risk patients.     

Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in Northern Israel: epidemiology and treatment results

Between 1968 and 1984, 49 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center. There were 6 stage I-II patients (12%) and 43 stage III-IV patients (88%). According to ethnic origin, there were 27 (55%) non-Ashkenazi Jews, 9 (18%) Ashkenazi Jews, and 13 (27%) Arabs. This distribution is different from the percentages of these ethnic groups in Northern Israel. All patients received combined cobalt 60 and 8-10 MeV electron beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor and the entire neck. Twelve stage III-IV patients received three courses of chemotherapy using bleomycin, methotrexate, and cisplatin (BMP) prior to definitive radiotherapy. The following 5-yr actuarial survival figures were achieved: all patients, 42%; stage I-II, 63%; stage III-IV, 37%; Arabs, 53%, non-Ashkenazi Jews, 47%; Ashkenazi Jews, 22%; BMP+radiotherapy, 54%; radiotherapy alone, 42%. It is concluded that there is an ethnic-related pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Northern Israel. Prognosis is better in non-Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs with early-stage lymphoepithelioma or anaplastic carcinoma, younger than 45 yr old, and receiving more than 5,500 cGy. Chemotherapy by BMP improves initial control rates with questionable benefit to long-term survival.     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with/without induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Long-term results of phase 3 randomized controlled trial

To report long-term results of a randomized controlled trial that compared cisplatin/fluorouracil/docetaxel (TPF) induction chemotherapy (IC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with CCRT alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients with stage III–IVB (except T3–4 N0) NPC were randomly assigned to receive IC plus CCRT (n = 241) or CCRT alone (n = 239). IC included three cycles of docetaxel (60 mg/m² d1), cisplatin (60 mg/m² d1), and fluorouracil (600 mg/m²/d civ d1–5) every 3 weeks. Patients from both groups received intensity-modulated radiotherapy concurrently with three cycles of 100 mg/m² cisplatin every 3 weeks. After a median follow-up of 71.5 months, the IC plus CCRT group showed significantly better 5-year failure-free survival (FFS, 77.4% vs. 66.4%, p = 0.019), overall survival (OS, 85.6% vs. 77.7%, p = 0.042), distant failure-free survival (88% vs. 79.8%, p = 0.030), and locoregional failure-free survival (90.7% vs. 83.8%, p = 0.044) compared to the CCRT alone group. Post hoc subgroup analyses revealed that beneficial effects on FFS were primarily observed in patients with N1, stage IVA, pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase ≥170 U/l, or pretreatment plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA ≥6000 copies/mL. Two nomograms were further developed to predict the potential FFS and OS benefit of TPF IC. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 late toxicities was 8.8% (21/239) in the IC plus CCRT group and 9.2% (22/238) in the CCRT alone group. Long-term follow-up confirmed that TPF IC plus CCRT significantly improved survival in locoregionally advanced NPC with no marked increase in late toxicities and could be an option of treatment for these patients.     

Treatment of young children with localized medulloblastoma by chemotherapy alone: results of the prospective, multicenter trial HIT 2000 confirming the prognostic impact of histology

This study was designed to confirm the previously observed favorable survival rates and prognostic factors in young children with nonmetastatic medulloblastoma (MB) treated with postoperative chemotherapy alone. Patients who received a diagnosis during the period January 2001 through December 2005 and who were aged <4 years received 3 cycles of postoperative systemic multiagent chemotherapy and intraventricular methotrexate. In cases of complete remission, treatment was terminated after 2 additional cycles of chemotherapy. Otherwise, secondary surgery, radiotherapy, and consolidation chemotherapy were recommended. At a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (± standard error) for 45 patients (median age, 2.5 years) were 57% ± 8% and 80% ± 6%, respectively. Nineteen patients with desmoplastic/nodular MB variants had better 5-year EFS and OS rates (90% ± 7% and 100% ± 0%, respectively) than did 23 patients with classic MB (30% ± 11% and 68% ± 10%, respectively; P < .001 for EFS; P = .008 for OS). Five-year EFS and OS rates for 3 children with anaplastic MB were 33% ± 27%. Desmoplastic/nodular histology was an independent prognostic factor for EFS. Twenty-nine of 30 patients without postoperative residual tumor remained in continuous complete remission. Our results confirm that histology of MB variants is a strong prognostic factor in this age group. Sustained tumor control can be achieved by this chemotherapy regimen in young children with desmoplastic/nodular MB variants. For children with non-desmoplastic/nonnodular MB variants, for which predominantly local relapses lead to less favorable survival rates, local radiotherapy has been introduced after chemotherapy since 2006.     

紫杉醇联合顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的评价紫杉醇联合顺铂(DDP)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)方案(TPF)治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒性反应。方法采用TPF方案治疗晚期鼻咽癌15例,紫杉醇135mg/m2d1,DDP20mg/m2d1~5,5-FU750mg/m2d1~5 C IV每3周重复,所有病人均接受至少两个疗程以上化疗。结果本组有效率73.4%,毒性主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应及肌肉关节痛,多为Ⅱ、Ⅲ度,可耐受。结论TPF方案是治疗晚期鼻咽癌有效安全的方案。     

^18F—FDGPET／CT显像在鼻咽癌中的应用

阐述^18F—FDGPET／CT显像对鼻咽痛诊断、分期、疗效评价、放射性脑病以及在放疗治疗设计中的价值,并指出需要开发更为特异示踪剂以提高诊断的准确性,同时需要开展多中心研究,明确SUV值与放疗靶区勾画的关系。     

Preliminary results of a randomized study (NPC-9902 Trial) on therapeutic gain by concurrent chemotherapy and/or accelerated fractionation for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To compare the benefit achieved by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and/or accelerated fractionation (AF) vs. radiotherapy (RT) alone with conventional fractionation (CF) for patients with T3-4N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: All patients were irradiated with the same RT technique to > or =66 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction, conventional five fractions/week in the CF and CF+C (chemotherapy) arms, and accelerated six fractions/week in the AF and AF+C arms. The CF+C and AF+C patients were given the Intergroup 0099 regimen (concurrent cisplatin plus adjuvant cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). RESULTS: Between 1999 and April 2004, 189 patients were randomly assigned; the trial was terminated early because of slow accrual. The median follow-up was 2.9 years. When compared with the CF arm, significant improvement in failure-free survival (FFS) was achieved by the AF+C arm (94% vs. 70% at 3 years, p = 0.008), but both the AF arm and the CF+C arm were insignificant (p > or = 0.38). Multivariate analyses showed that CRT was a significant factor: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.52 (0.28-0.97), AF per se was insignificant: HR = 0.68 (0.37-1.25); the interaction of CRT by AF was strongly significant (p = 0.006). Both CRT arms had significant increase in acute toxicities (p < 0.005), and the AF+C arm also incurred borderline increase in late toxicities (34% vs. 14% at 3 years, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest that concurrent chemoradiotherapy with accelerated fractionation could significantly improve tumor control when compared with conventional RT alone; further confirmation of therapeutic ratio is warranted.     

长疗程尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的可行性

目的:评价长疗程尼妥珠单抗(nimotuzumab)联合调强放疗和化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌有效性和安全性.方法:分析从2008年11月至2014年3月在浙江省肿瘤医院39例确诊为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期鼻咽癌患者,其中男性29例,女性10例;Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳa期14例,Ⅳb期5例.患者接受长疗程尼妥珠单抗联合调强放、化疗,尼妥珠单抗200 mg/次,1次/周,所有患者治疗9 ～18周.观察长疗程尼妥珠单抗联合调强放、化疗的疗效及毒副作用,参考RTOG标准分析患者急、慢性毒副作用;采用Kaplan-Meier方法、Log-rank法检验分析生存情况.结果:所有患者接受9周期以上尼妥珠单抗联合调强放、化疗的治疗后,中位随访时间46月(22～86个月),3年无局部复发生存率(LRFS)、无区域复发生存率(RRFS)、无远处转移生存率(DMFS)、PFS和OS分别为92.1％、89.7％、82.5％、77.6％和86.8％.单因素分析显示临床分期和新辅助化疗周期对生存率重要影响(3年DMFSⅢ、Ⅳ期分别为100.0％和63.2％ (P ＜0.01);3年LRFS 1～2周期、3～4周期分别为75.0％和96.8％(P＜0.05).结论:长疗程尼妥珠单抗联合调强放疗、化疗提高局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效,并不增加毒、副作用,其远期疗效有待于长期随访结果.     

复方苦参注射液治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗所致急性口腔黏膜损伤的疗效

目的:观察复方苦参注射液治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗所致口腔黏膜损伤的疗效。方法:将82例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组,治疗组42例,对照组40例,两组化疗方案均采用顺铂三周方案并同步调强放射治疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT）。治疗组应用复方苦参注射液联合生理盐水、利多卡因、庆大霉素和地塞米松配制的含漱液及复方硼砂溶液漱口,对照组应用生理盐水、利多卡因、庆大霉素和地塞米松配制的含漱液及复方硼砂溶液漱口,观察并比较两组病人治疗急性口腔黏膜损伤的效果。结果:所有患者均完成了放疗计划,治疗组在放疗第4周末及放疗结束时急性口腔黏膜的损伤程度明显低于对照组(P均＜0.05);治疗组口腔黏膜损伤引起的疼痛程度低于对照组(P＜0.05);比较两组治疗前后患者的体质量下降值,治疗组平均体质量下降明显低于对照组(P＜0.01）;并且治疗组平均总放疗时间少于对照组（P＜0.01)。结论:复方苦参注射液治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗所致急性口腔黏膜损伤效果明显,值得临床推广应用。     

Outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of high-risk urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UC): results from a large multicenter collaborative study

BACKGROUND:

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT‐UC) was a rare, aggressive urologic cancer with a propensity for multifocality, local recurrence, and metastasis. High‐risk patients had poor outcomes. Because of the rarity of these tumors, randomized clinical trials and data regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors are currently unavailable. Our objective was to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and the impact of potential prognostic factors on survival in high‐risk, postsurgical UUT‐UC patients.

METHODS:

Using a multi‐institutional, international retrospective database, identified were 627 patients with high risk UUT‐UCs (pT3N0, pT4N0 and/or N+ and/or M+) who underwent surgical removal. Only patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy were included.

RESULTS:

Overall, 140 patients (22.6%) with a median age of 67 years were included. The median follow‐up was 22.5 months. The 5‐year, overall survival for the entire cohort was 43%, the 5‐year recurrence‐free survival was 54%, and metastasis‐free survival was 53% at 5 years. Positive surgical margins were an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (P = .06), cancer‐specific mortality (P = .05), and overall mortality (P = .02) of any cause. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not linked with overall or cancer‐specific survival in patients with high risk disease (adjuvant chemotherapy [n = 140] vs no treatment [n = 487]) (P >.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

Adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy did not offer any significant benefit to overall survival in our population. Additional data were necessary, and studies enrolling patients at high risk in clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy should have been highly encouraged. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Body mass index and body shape before treatment and nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis: A population-based patient cohort study in southern China

A concern of reverse causation exists about the association between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis and body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, while the prognostic impact of BMI measured years before diagnosis is unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations of prediagnosis and pretreatment BMI and body shape on NPC mortality. From a population-based patient cohort in southern China between 2010 and 2013, we included 2526 incident NPC cases with prospective follow-up through 2018. We assessed the associations of BMI and body shape at age 20 years, 10 years before diagnosis, and at diagnosis with NPC mortality, combining strategies of stratification and statistical adjustment to minimize reverse causation. We observed 25% lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.89) and 25% lower NPC-specific mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.91) among overweight vs normal-weight NPC cases at diagnosis. Lean body shapes 1 and 2 at diagnosis were associated with 68% and 23% higher all-cause mortality, respectively, compared to normal body shape 3. No effect modification by cancer stage was detected for associations with all-cause or NPC-specific mortality. Associations with BMI and body shape 10 years before diagnosis were similar but attenuated, while body size and shape at age 20 were not associated with mortality. Being overweight at diagnosis decreased mortality, and thinner body shape increased mortality, compared to normal weight/body shape. These associations may be due to poorer nutrition and treatment intolerance, resulting in treatment discontinuation and worse survival outcomes.