旋毛虫各隔离种嗜酸性粒细胞变化的研究

旋毛虫各隔离种感染猪后,其血液中嗜酸性粒细胞显著增多,而其它各类细胞无明显变化,嗜酸性粒细胞于感染后7天开始升高,16天左右达最高峰,以后呈逐渐下降趋势;猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫(T.Spiralis)的嗜酸性粒细胞数量始终高于犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫(T.natin-va)。嗜酸性粒细胞增多可作为早期诊断旋毛虫病的重要临床指标之一。     

常见寄生虫感染者嗜酸性粒细胞数检测结果分析

在蠕虫感染时 ,常伴有嗜酸性细胞增加且在局部聚集或在血中增多。现将湖北省兴山县有关寄生虫感染与嗜酸性粒细胞数的观察结果报告如下。1　对象与方法用饱和盐水漂浮法和清水沉淀集卵法分别对学生与村民及医院就诊的病人 ,验查肠道寄生虫感染 ,并作嗜酸性粒细胞直接计数。间日疟原虫作血薄膜法验查 ,疥螨用消毒针尖挑取隧道物取成虫验查 ,均作嗜酸性粒细胞计数。2　结果9种寄生虫感染者的嗜酸性粒细胞数见表 1。由表 1可见无寄生虫感染的正常人嗜酸性粒细胞数为 2 4 4± 14 7.7,引起嗜酸性粒细胞增高的寄生虫均是蠕虫。疥螨感染则不升高 ,…     

漫话白细胞分类计数

人体血液中非细胞成分包括血清或血浆，细胞成分包括红细胞、白细胞和血小板。在末梢血液中，根据白细胞胞浆中有无颗粒，分为粒性白细胞和非粒性白细胞。粒性白细胞中包括中性粒细胞（又分杆状核及分叶核）、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞；非粒性白细胞中包括淋巴细胞及单核细胞。其中中性粒细胞和单核细胞在人体内游戈，可以吞噬和消化进入人体内的细胞等微生物，还能吞噬人体坏死的细胞。淋巴细胞分为T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、K细胞，它们参与人体的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对中性粒细胞减少症合并严重感染的治疗

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子，在并发严重感染的中性粒细胞减少症患者中与抗生素联合应用的地位。方法对严重感染的中性粒细胞减少症患者在接受头孢他啶及阿米卡星治疗的同时，随机分成加ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ（每日２～５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和不加ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ两组。结果接受抗生素及ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ治疗的患者有效率为９５．１２％，对照组为６４．２８％，原中性粒细胞数较低（≤１．０×１０９／Ｌ）的患者在接受ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ后，９３％的患者的中性粒细胞数增高，而对照组只有６１％（Ｐ＝０．０３），且中性粒细胞数恢复正常的时间及发热患者体温降至正常的时间，实验组均较对照组明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论粒细胞集落刺激因子可缩短药物所致中性粒细胞减少的持续时间，促进中性粒细胞生长，并提高抗菌治疗的疗效。     

嗜中性粒细胞损伤血管内皮细胞的分子机制

多种创伤均能导致嗜中性粒细胞损伤血管内皮细胞，在嗜中性粒细胞损伤血管内皮细胞的过程中嗜中性粒细胞释放细胞因子，自由基及损伤性酶类。这些物质相互作用组成一个复杂的效应网络，造成血管内皮细胞损伤，本文就该过程分子机制的研究现状进行综述。     

漫话白细胞分类计数

人体血液中非细胞成分包括血清或血浆,细胞成分包括红细胞、白细胞和血小板。在末梢血液中,根据白细胞胞浆中有无颗粒,分为粒性白细胞和非粒性白细胞。粒性白细胞中包括中性粒细胞(又分杆状核及分叶核)、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞;非粒性白细胞中包括淋巴细胞及单核细胞。其中中性粒细胞和单核细胞在人体内     

曲安奈德对鼻息肉中T细胞激活分泌调节因子及嗜酸性粒细胞的影响

目的 观察鼻息肉组织中T细胞激活分泌调节因子及嗜酸性粒细胞表达的变化,探讨糖皮质激素治疗鼻息肉的可能机制.方法 对60例鼻息肉患者分别采用曲安奈德1 mg鼻腔雾化治疗,并以30例生理盐水治疗作为对照,通过免疫组化方法测定鼻息肉治疗前后的T细胞激活分泌调节因子表达及嗜酸性粒细胞数量的变化.结果 经曲安奈德治疗后鼻息肉中T细胞激活分泌调节因子的表达较治疗前显著降低（P〈0.05）,且嗜酸性粒细胞也随之下降,二者有相关性;而对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 T细胞激活分泌调节因子是诱导嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉中浸润的重要趋化因子,曲安奈德可能通过下调T细胞激活分泌调节因子的表达,发挥抗EOS炎症的作用.     

四种常见呼吸系统疾病患者诱导痰中炎性细胞计数变化及临床意义

目的研究常见四种呼吸系统疾病患者发作期和缓解期诱导痰中炎性细胞计数变化,探讨其临床意义。方法选取2014年6月至2015年5月,内蒙古自治区人民医院呼吸内科45例支气管哮喘患者(I组),115例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者(COPD,II组),40例肺炎患者(III组),30例慢性支气管炎患者(IV组)发作期和缓解期,采用诱导痰液沉渣涂片法检测组中中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞百分比,并分析比较。结果哮喘发作期组诱导痰中,嗜酸性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。哮喘缓解期组诱导痰中,嗜酸性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。哮喘发作期组诱导痰中,嗜酸性粒细胞的比例较哮喘缓解期组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。COPD发作期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。COPD缓解期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。COPD发作期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞的比例较COPD缓解期组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。肺炎、支气管炎发作期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。肺炎、支气管炎缓解期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞的比例较对照组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。肺炎、支气管炎发作期组诱导痰中,中性粒细胞的比例较缓解期组明显升高(P﹤0.05)。结论诱导痰技术将会成为一种常规检查,为更多呼吸系统疾病提供更快捷、便利、准确的诊断和治疗依据。     

剔除嗜中性粒细胞减少SD大鼠脊髓损伤诱导的急性肾损伤

目的评价嗜中性粒细胞的剔除减少SD大鼠脊髓损伤诱导肾功能损伤的作用。方法抗嗜中性粒细胞抗体处理SD大鼠24h后,对照组(A)仅切除椎板、抗血清未处理组(B)和抗血清处理组(C)行脊髓损伤术。术后24h,观察大鼠肾功能以及肾脏病变情况。结果术后24h,C组肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和丙二醛(MAD)水平显著降低,与B组比较,在统计学意义上有显著性差异(P<0.001),B组肾脏为典型大白肾,HE和PAS染色观察发现急性肾小管坏死症状,并表现炎症细胞浸润。结论剔除嗜中性粒细胞可以有效地减少大鼠脊髓损伤引起的肾组织病变从而有效地保护肾功能。     

甲基硝基亚硝基胍诱导日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞增殖的研究

将培养第５天的日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞在含甲基硝基亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）终浓度分别为０（对照）、１、２、３、４、６、９ｕｇ／ｍｌ的附加２０％小牛血清及常量抗生素的ＲＰＭＩ－１６４０培养基中分别处理２４ｈ、３６ｈｄ、４８ｈ；随后，换用含２０％小牛血清及常量抗生素的ＲＰＭＩ－１６４０培养基培养；３ｄ后，改用含５％小牛血清及常量抗生素的ＲＰＭＩ－１６４０培养基继续培养，每天在血清及常量抗生素的ＲＰＭＩ－１６     

Kinetics of the inflammatory response following intramuscular injection of aluminum adjuvant

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in human and veterinary vaccines, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests an important role for inflammation in the immune response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines. To better understand this process, vaccines with aluminum adjuvant were injected into naïve or previously immunized mice and the injection sites were characterized for the corresponding primary and secondary inflammatory response at different time points after immunization. Inflammatory cells appeared at the injection site between 2 h and 6 h after vaccination, dominated by neutrophils at first, followed by macrophages, and later eosinophils and MHCII⁺ cells. The number of cells at the injection site increased over time, except neutrophils, which decreased in number after day 2. There was extensive phagocytosis of aluminum adjuvant particles by macrophages. In secondary immunized mice, a faster and more robust recruitment of eosinophils, macrophages, and antigen presenting cells was observed at the injection site. The enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells in previously immunized mice coincided with increased expression of relevant chemokines at the injection site. Since neutrophils accumulated first in response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines, their role was evaluated by depleting them prior to vaccination. Neutrophil depletion transiently reduced the recruitment of macrophages but it did not change the recruitment of eosinophils and MHCII⁺ cells or the quality and magnitude of the antibody response.     

重症急性胰腺炎时细胞因子与肠源性细菌和内毒素移位的实验研究

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)时血浆细胞因子与肠道屏障损害后肠源性细笛和内毒素移位的关系。方法 将SD大鼠(清洁级)72只随机分为假手术组(n=36)和SAP组(n=36)。采用胰管内逆行注射4％牛磺胆酸钠溶液的方法制作SAP模型。观察胰腺和回肠的病理改变，动态测定血浆TNF-a、IL-6、IL-10和DAO活性、LPS水平以及腹腔脏器细菌移位率。结果 制模后血浆TNF-a、IL-6水平明显升高，48h达到高峰，IL-106h后才明显升高；血浆DAO活性早期升高，24h后明显降低；LPS水平早期即有明显升高，48h达到高峰；SAP24h脏器细笛移位率明显升高，72h达到58．3％。结论 SAP早期即有细胞因子水平的升高和肠道屏障的损害，细胞因子通过损害肠遗屏障，引起肠源性细菌和内毒素移位；同时，肠源性细菌和内毒素移位又促进细胞因子的大量释放。加重肠黏膜屏障本身的损害，遣成恶性循环，引起SIPS和MODS的发生，两者关系密切。     

支气管哮喘患者诱导痰嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-2和IL-17表达及临床意义

目的：探讨支气管哮喘患者诱导痰中嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-2（Eotaxin-2）和IL-17表达水平及临床意义。方法：选择32例支气管哮喘患者[轻度（9例）、中度（14例）、重度（10例）]和15例正常对照者，通过人工诱导的方法获得痰液，ELISA法检测Eotaxin-2、IL-17表达水平。结果：中、重度哮喘患者诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞、Eotaxin-2和IL-17水平均较轻度组、正常对照组明显升高（P均〈0．05）。Eotaxin-2和IL-17水平随哮喘程度加重而明显增加。嗜酸粒细胞与Eotaxin-2水平、中性粒细胞与IL-17水平呈正相关（r分别为0．325、0．418，P均〈0．05），经过糖皮质激素吸入治疗5周后，哮喘患者诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞、Eotaxin-2较治疗前下降（P〈0．05），而治疗前、后中性粒细胞、IL-17水平差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：诱导痰中Eotaxin-2及IL-17水平可能作为判断哮喘气道炎症程度的参考指标，糖皮质激素的治疗不能显著降低诱导痰中IL-17水平。     

日本血吸虫DNA疫苗的构建及其保护性免疫

目的　制备日本血吸虫裸露DNA疫苗 (pBK Sj14 3 3) ,观察其在小鼠抗血吸虫感染中的免疫保护作用。方法　以RT PCR方法扩增Sj14 3 3基因 ,并将其亚克隆入真核表达载体pBK ;提取、纯化重组质粒pBK Sj14 3 3,肌肉注射法接种BALB/c小鼠 ;日本血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染后 ,剖杀小鼠 ,计算减虫率和减卵率 ,观察pBK Sj14 3 3对小鼠肝脏虫卵肉芽肿形成的影响。结果　 1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示 ,RT PCR扩增产物与EcoRⅠ XhoⅠ双酶切重组质粒得到的插入片段大小相同 ,约为76 5bp ,核苷酸序列测定证实插入片段为Sj14 3 3;免疫注射pBK Sj14 3 3后 ,14 3 3组平均每只小鼠获检成虫数为 2 2 9± 9 6 ,与对照组成虫数 (31 3± 7 3)比较 ,14 3 3组小鼠平均成虫负荷下降了 2 7%。经 5 %氢氧化钾消化后 ,14 3 3组平均每克肝组织虫卵数为 16 6 0 0± 5 90 4 ,每对成虫平均虫卵数为 476 9± 115 6 ,与对照组平均每克肝组织虫卵数 (77875± 4 32 6 )和每对成虫平均虫卵数 (972 3± 2 0 74 )比较 ,减卵率为 79% ,每对成虫减卵率为 5 1%。肝脏虫卵肉芽肿平均直径下降了 2 9%。结论　DNA疫苗pBK Sj14 3 3构建成功 ,且在小鼠抗血吸虫感染中有一定的免疫保护作用 ,是日本血吸虫病潜在的疫苗候选分子     

TNT及其代谢物致白内障发病机理的研究

ＴＮＴ及其代谢物致白内障发病机理的研究周安寿张金松史晓朱秀安张纯李来玉摘要为了探讨ＴＮＴ晶体损害的机理，对ＴＮＴ及其代谢物致眼晶体损害进行了动物实验研究。结果表明，在球结膜下注射２－Ａ或４－ＨＡ后，半小时内眼前房水内即可测得其代谢物的存在，以１．５...     

氧自由基和细胞凋亡在大鼠应激性溃疡中的作用

目的探讨氧化应激与细胞凋亡在应激性溃疡发病中的作用及相关性。方法改良Allen法制造颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡模型，40只大鼠随机分为正常对照组和应激后3、6、12、24小时组。测定溃疡指数（UI）、胃黏膜超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）；透射电镜及流式细胞仪检测早期细胞凋亡。结果颅脑损伤6小时后各应激组UI增加（P〈0．05）；胃黏膜SOD下降，MDA升高（P〈0．05），与对照组相比应激后3小时差异即有显著性，6—12小时达高峰（P〈0．05）；早期细胞凋亡率于应激后6小时开始显著增多，12小时达高峰（P〈0．05）；应激后6小时透射电镜可见凋亡细胞，12小时显著增多达高峰。应激后MDA与早期细胞凋亡率呈显著正相关（r=0．684，P〈0．05），SOD活性与早期细胞凋亡率呈显著负相关（r=-0．713，P〈0．05）。结论细胞凋亡参与急性胃黏膜损伤；氧化应激是应激性胃黏膜损害的重要因素，可能参与细胞凋亡。     

Sj 26基因转染树突状细胞抗血吸虫感染作用

目的探讨日本血吸虫Sj26基因转染树突状细胞（DC）抗血吸虫感染保护性免疫作用。方法利用Sj26基因转染、空质粒pcDNA3转染和未处理DC分别免疫BALB／c小鼠3次，攻击感染后计数成虫和虫卵。结果Sj26基因转染DC免疫小鼠诱导34．5％的减虫率和48．5％的减卵率，明显高于空质粒pcDNA3转染DC组（16．8％和15.8％）和未处理DC组（14．6％和14．4％），空质粒pcDNA3转染DC和未处理DC组之间差异无统计学意义。结论Sj26基因转染DC可诱导抗血吸虫感染的保护性免疫作用。     

The effect of an intramammary infusion of endotoxin on the establishment of experimental mastitis by Streptococcus agalactiae in the cow.

An infusion of E. coli endotoxin (10 microgram) into the mammary gland of the cow 16 h before experimental infection with St. agalactiae prevented the establishment of mastitis. A clinical examination of the affected gland did not reveal signs of inflammation, all organisms were eliminated from the milk by 36 h after infection. Mammary glands not pretreated with endotoxin, and injected with the same number of viable streptococci, showed signs of severe inflammation the milk yield was reduced and the injected pathogen could be isolated from the gland for up to 14 days when sampling was discontinued. The injection of endotoxin alone produced a rapid increase in the cell count of the milk, there were some signs of inflammation and 80% of the cells in the milk were neutrophils. The cell counts in the milk remained above normal for 7-10 days. Untreated control quarters appeared to be unaffected by the injection of E. coli endotoxin into an adjacent quarter, on the other hand the injection of St. agalactiae into the adjacent quarter on the same side of the udder produced a cell response which reached a peak after 2 days and returned to preinoculation levels by the fourth day. No inflammation was observed in these control quarters and no streptococci were isolated from the milk.     

The protective effect of a Schistosoma japonicum Chinese strain 23 kDa plasmid DNA vaccine in pigs is enhanced with IL-12

The schistosome integral membrane protein Sm/Sj23 was initially shown to induce protection in mice as a synthetic peptide vaccine and further, as a plasmid DNA vaccine to induce protection in mice, sheep and water buffalo. In this study we asked if we could induce protection against challenge infection in pigs against Schistosoma japonicum by vaccinating them with a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the S. japonicum Chinese strain 23 kDa membrane protein. Further, we asked if we could enhance protective efficacy of this vaccine by the addition of IL-12. We compared vaccination with SjC23 plasmid DNA alone or with IL-12 plasmid DNA in pigs. Pigs were immunized three times at three weekly intervals. Thirty Chinese Songjang native pigs were divided into three groups. In group A, each pig was immunized with 500 microg of SjC23 plasmid DNA by intramuscular (i.m.) injection in both buttocks. In group B each pig was immunized with 500 microg of SjC23 plasmid DNA, and 500 microg of each of pcDNA3.1-p35 and 500 microg of pcDNA3.1-p40 DNA by i.m. injection. In group C each pig was immunized with 500 microg of pcDNA3.1 as the control. Thirty days post-vaccination, pigs were challenged with S. japonicum cercariae and adult and egg burdens and granuloma size determined 45 days post-challenge. The results showed that worm reduction rates in SjC23 group compared with control group were 29.2% and in the SjC23 + IL-12 group reduced 58.6%. Similarly the female worm reduction rates were 50.8 and 58.8%, the hepatic egg reduction rates were 48.2 and 56.4%, and the mean square measure reduction rates of hepatic egg granulomas were 48.6 and 44.4%, the mean diameter reduction rates of granulomas were 27.6 and 22.8% in pigs vaccinated with SjC23 or SjC23 + IL-12 compared to plasmid vaccinated pigs, respectively. Analysis of sera from pigs vaccinated with SjC23 showed that 4 of 10 pigs had anti-Sj23 antibody responses; with 5 of 10 pigs positive for anti-Sj23 in the SjC23+IL-12 group. These results suggest that vaccination with Sj23 DNA vaccine induces not only a significant reduction in worm and egg burdens, but also significantly reduces the size of egg granulomas, thus is also anti-pathology.     

实验性矽肺大鼠脂质过氧化损伤与抗氧化损伤的动态观察

本文对实验性矽肺大鼠肺组织的脂质过氧化损伤和抗氧化损伤进行了动态观察。结果发现:(1)实验组肺组织膜脂质过氧化物丙二醛含量1—9周均显著高于对照组,3周时最高;(2)超氧化物歧化酶含量2—9周显著低于对照组,3周时最低;(3)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力1—9周显著低于对照组;(4)还原型谷胱甘肽含量先降低后升高,3周后保持在高于对照组水平上。