骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折PVP及PKP治疗中椎体内强化剂的研究进展

老年性骨质疏松症是指发生在老年和绝经期后妇女的骨质疏松症.随着世界人口老龄化的加速,作为老年退行性重要疾病之一的骨质疏松症及其所引起的骨折已越来越受到全球的关注.在美国骨质疏松引起的骨折病人约120万人,治疗费用高达70亿～120亿美元,占全部骨折治疗费用的85%.而在中国骨质疏松症患者高达约6000万～8000万人,且随增龄患病率明显增高.有资料表明60～69岁男、女患病率为33%和73.8%,70～79男、女患病率为55.6和89.7%,>80岁的男、女患病率为65.4%和100%.     

抗氧化剂防治老年性聋的研究进展

正衰老是一种普遍的生理现象,以生物体时间依赖的功能衰退为特征~[1]。此过程常伴随着与年龄相关的听力损失,也称老年性聋。老年性聋是老年人中最常见的感觉障碍,调查显示,在65岁以上的人群中,老年性聋的发病率为25%～40%,大于75岁的老年人中,其发病率为48%～66%,而85岁以上的老年人发病率则超过80%~[2]。老年性聋还会导致社交孤独、抑郁和认知能力障碍等疾病。据2016年的全球疾病负担(GBD)报告显示,听力丧失     

骨质疏松症引起的胸廓改变

骨质疏松症引起的胸廓改变宁刚，杨定焯，周世英近年来，老年性骨质疏松症（ＯＰ）正被国内外许多学者所重视，我们对骨量减少引起的骨性胸廓和心胸比率的变化及其变化规律作了进一步探讨。将１１１例年龄２０～３９岁健康查体者的胸片作对照，２６６例年龄４０～１０２岁...     

老年人骨质疏松症

老年人骨质疏松症山东省千佛山医院（２５００１４）陈少华骨质疏松分为原发性和继发性两类。老年人骨质疏松主要是原发性的，包括绝经后骨质疏松和老年性骨质疏松症。老年人骨质疏松症分为两型：①Ⅰ型：称绝经后骨质疏松症，主要见于女性；年龄为５５～７０岁。骨疏松主...     

骨质疏松症的激素替代治疗

绝经后骨质疏松症多发生于绝经后5～10年之间,可随着年龄的增长合并增龄性的骨骼变化,于70岁后即形成退行性骨质疏松症(又称增龄性或老年性骨质疏松症).不论绝经后骨质疏松症或增龄性骨质疏松症,其后果均是在轻微外伤或体位变动时即发生骨折,由此引起疼痛、活动受限、合并症以及死亡率增加等问题,对绝经后妇女的健康、寿命及生活质量造成很大的影响.     

老年贫血的有关问题

发病率老年人贫血的发病率各家报告不一,Mclennan(1973)调查了465名65岁以上健康老年人,发现老年性贫血患者,男性7.5%,女性20.0%。另一组80～84岁老年人中贫血的发病率,男性15.0%,女性14.0～36.0%。村上(1976)调查976名老年人中,符合贫血诊断标准者占16.5%。以上报告均指出:贫血的发病率是伴随年龄的增长而增加,独     

老年骨质疏松症的药物治疗

据WHO统计,目前骨质疏松症的发病率在常见病、多发病中已跃居第七位,目前我国骨质疏松症患者已达6300万。老年骨质疏松症分为两型,型为绝经后骨质疏松症,型为老年性骨质疏松症。近年临床用于防治骨质疏松症的药物主要有两大类,一类为骨吸收抑制剂,如钙制剂和钙调节剂(雌激...     

152例老年性骨质疏松症的综合治疗

应用抑制骨溶解和同时应用促进骨生成的药物治疗老年性骨质疏松症１５２例，联合用药３个月为一个疗程。从自觉症状的改善来看有效率为９６．０５％。治疗前后分别应用ＳＤ－１００型单光子骨密度仪检测右前臂中、下１／３处桡、尺骨的骨矿物质合量（ＢＭＤ），治疗后５０～６９岁组ＢＭＤ明显提高，７０～８１岁组提高不显著，治疗前血清磷降低者４４例，占２９％；血钙增高者３８例，占２３．７％；碱性磷酸酶增高者６９例，占４５．４％；治疗后皆恢复正常。本研究表明联合用药优于单一用药；年龄低组比年龄高组疗效显著。提示我们对老年性骨质疏松症要联合用药，而且要尽早治疗。     

神经生长因子与老年性耳聋基因治疗研究进展

据流行病学调查,老年性耳聋在55～64岁人群中发病率为10．1％,在65～74岁人群中增加至26．2％,严重影响老年人的身心健康,造成其生活质量下降。虽然临床上老年性耳聋的治疗方法很多,如应用扩张血管药物改善微循环、大剂量补充维生素、应用激素等,但这些方法都不能取得令人满意的疗效。佩戴助听器及电子耳蜗移植也可治疗老年性耳聋,但其疗效直接取决于存活的螺旋神经节细胞数量。目前,基因治疗已被应用于耳聋的治疗,其可能为老年性耳聋的治疗带来新希望。     

回骨丸治疗骨质疏松症的临床观察

回骨丸治疗骨质疏松症的临床观察山西省针灸研究所（０３００１２）张乃钲骨质疏松症是中老年人的常见病、多发病。有关资料表明，本病的发病率，５０～５９岁年龄组为２５％，６０～７９岁年龄组为５８％，８０岁以上年龄组高达１００％，而且随着人口寿命的普遍增长和老...     

骨质疏松症与骨性关节炎的相关性

骨质疏松症和骨性关节炎是骨骼肌肉常见的2种疾病,均具有较高的致残率与致死率.这2种疾病均好发于中老年人,尤其是绝经后妇女.发病率与年龄呈正相关.目前国内外医学界对它们之间的关系持不同的观点.本文从流行病学、发病机制和治疗的角度对两者的关系进行探讨.     

The Societal Burden of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis currently affects 10 million Americans and is responsible for more than 1.5 million fractures annually. The financial burden of osteoporosis is substantial, with annual direct medical costs estimated at 17 to 20 billion dollars. Most of these costs are related to the acute and rehabilitative care following osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures. The societal burden of osteoporosis includes these direct medical costs and the monetary (eg, caregiver time) and nonmonetary costs of poor health. The aging of the US population is expected to increase the prevalence of osteoporosis and the number of osteoporotic fractures. Growth of the older adult population will pose significant challenges to Medicare and Medicaid, which bear most of the cost of osteoporosis. Efforts to address the looming financial burden must focus on reducing the prevalence of osteoporosis and the incidence of costly fragility fractures.     

老年性骨质疏松症发病机制及药物治疗进展

随着人口老龄化的加剧,老年性骨质疏松症已成为全球性的公共健康问题。其病因及发病机制复杂,涉及性激素、甲状旁腺激素等多种激素水平及作用的改变,以及成骨细胞、破骨细胞等活性的改变。近年来对骨质疏松发病机制的深入研究产生了新的药物治疗靶点,为本病的防治提供了更多的选择。     

Osteoporosis a disease for all; in Lebanon

Osteoporosis is the most important metabolic disease leading to fracture and high mortality morbidity rates. With the increase of aging population, mainly in the developing work, it is estimated that the incidence of fracture will rise too. Osteoporosis known in the past to be a woman disease, it is now accepted that it affects man too. The risk factors for osteoporosis are known now, but one vertebral fracture, leading to more vertebral fractures and increasing the risk of hip fracture, stands by itself as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis even if BMD is normal or osteopenic. Vertebral fracture is associated with high mortality rate. At the same time it is work noting that osteoporosis in man is different than in women and finally we have now the means to diagnose correctly the disease, evaluate the fracture risk, treat and monitor the treatment. But incidence, fracture rate, peak bone mass in Lebanon are different than the European or North American one.     

Difference in osteoporosis in men and women

Burden of osteoporosis in men on our society is increasing with aging in population. Prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of osteoporotic fracture are less frequent in men than in women since bone mineral density is higher, bone size is greater, and hence the bone is stronger in men than in women. In spite of these facts, the number of male patients with osteoporosis was projected to be 3 million in 2005 and is increasing thereafter. Hip fracture was estimated to occur in 33,100 men in 2007 and is increasing as well. Once a man suffers from hip fracture, prognosis is worse in men than in women. However, screening methods for osteoporosis in men are not established, and this causes delay in diagnosis and treatment. Further studies are necessary to answer whether the current young adult value of bone density necessary for diagnosis is appropriate, whether therapeutic regimens are effective in men, whether the cost for diagnosis and treatment is comparable to benefit, whether a valid screening method for osteoporosis in men exists, and whether the screening method is cost-effective.     

Update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that affects the entire aging population. This report provides an update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis and its associated fractures. Published studies from 1997 to the present are highlighted. The current US prevalence estimates for osteoporosis, trends in fracture incidence rates, and latest reports on the morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to osteoporotic fractures are discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of risk factors associated with osteoporosis and related fractures are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the rapid progress being made in the field of genetics, the growing importance of nutrition, and the new questions being raised as to the influence of hormonal factors on bone mineral density and fracture risk. New studies linking osteoporosis to several other important diseases in women including breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and stroke are also reviewed.     

Update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that affects the entire aging population. This report provides an update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis and its associated fractures. Published studies from 1997 to the present are highlighted. The current US prevalence estimates for osteoporosis, trends in fracture incidence rates, and latest reports on the morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to osteoporotic fractures are discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of risk factors associated with osteoporosis and related fractures are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the rapid progress being made in the field of genetics, the growing importance of nutrition, and the new questions being raised as to the influence of hormonal factors on bone mineral density and fracture risk. New studies linking osteoporosis to several other important diseases in women including breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and stroke are also reviewed.     

Osteoporosis: gender differences and similarities.

Although osteoporosis has traditionally been considered a disease of women, men also incur substantial bone loss with aging, and elderly men have age-specific hip fracture incidence rates and vertebral fracture prevalence rates that are at least half those in women. Early postmenopausal bone loss (which results in the syndrome of type I osteoporosis) is due to the direct skeletal consequences of estrogen deficiency, manifested by an increase in bone resorption without an adequate increase in bone formation. Recent evidence indicates that even late postmenopausal bone loss (type II or 'smile' osteoporosis) in women may be due to estrogen deficiency. In particular, the late consequences of estrogen deficiency in elderly women result in abnormalities in calcium homeostasis and increases in parathyroid hormone secretion, leading to increased bone resorption and bone loss. The etiology of bone loss in aging men has remained relatively unclear. Recent evidence from a male deficient in estrogen receptor-alpha and in two males with aromatase deficiency indicate that estrogen may play a significant role in bone metabolism in men. Moreover, several large epidemiologic studies have found that bone mineral density correlates better with serum estrogen than testosterone in aging men. Thus estrogen deficiency may lead to bone loss in men.     

Osteoporosis in men

With the aging of the population, there is a growing recognition that osteoporosis and fractures in men are a significant public health problem, and both hip and vertebral fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in men. Osteoporosis in men is a heterogeneous clinical entity: whereas most men experience bone loss with aging, some men develop osteoporosis at a relatively young age, often for unexplained reasons (idiopathic osteoporosis). Declining sex steroid levels and other hormonal changes likely contribute to age-related bone loss, as do impairments in osteoblast number and/or activity. Secondary causes of osteoporosis also play a significant role in pathogenesis. Although there is ongoing controversy regarding whether osteoporosis in men should be diagnosed based on female- or male-specific reference ranges (because some evidence indicates that the risk of fracture is similar in women and men for a given level of bone mineral density), a diagnosis of osteoporosis in men is generally made based on male-specific reference ranges. Treatment consists both of nonpharmacological (lifestyle factors, calcium and vitamin D supplementation) and pharmacological (most commonly bisphosphonates or PTH) approaches, with efficacy similar to that seen in women. Increasing awareness of osteoporosis in men among physicians and the lay public is critical for the prevention of fractures in our aging male population.