经闭孔或耻骨后无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

17例女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者,7例行经闭孔无张力阴道悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗(TVT-O组),10例行经耻骨后无张力阴道悬吊术(TVT)治疗(TVT组).TVT-O组平均手术时间25 min、术中出血10 ml、术后住院时间3.6 d,TVT组平均手术时间为40 min、术中出血15 ml、术后住院时间4.6 d.随访6～12个月,无尿失禁复发,尿动力学指标明显改善.认为TVT-O、TVT是治疗女性SUI的有效方法之一.     

无张力阴道吊带术-闭孔系统治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术-闭孔系统(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效和手术安全性.方法对13例SUI患者行TVT-O手术治疗.采用无张力网状吊带,自阴道前壁切口经耻骨前向两侧股部皱襞穿刺,将吊带无张力置于尿道中段.结果手术时间(15±2) min,术中出血量(11±3) ml.术后平均留置导尿管1.2 d,平均住院1.5 d,患者尿失禁症状均消失.随访1～6个月无复发.结论 TVT-O手术治疗SUI简便、安全、有效.     

无张力阴道尿道悬吊术治疗老年女性尿失禁六例临床分析

目的 探讨无张力阴道尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)治疗老年女性尿失禁的临床意义和疗效。方法 采用SPRAC吊带系统对6例单纯性压力性尿失禁老年女性进行TVT治疗，分析其疗效及并发症。结果 6例TVT手术均在硬膜外麻醉下完成，平均手术时间31．6min，术中平均出血36．2ml，5例手术后24h内自行排尿，1例合并肥胖和阴道前壁膨出患者留置尿管1周后自行排尿。术后随访10～28个月，5例尿失禁治愈，1例手术后3个月再次发生尿失禁，2例术后伴不同程度的尿频、尿急，1例自觉耻骨后轻度不适。结论 TVT易操作、创伤小、疗效好，对绝经后老年女性合并肥胖和阴道前壁膨出的压力性尿失禁患者治疗有明显疗效。     

TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁临床疗效观察

目的观察经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效。方法对30例SUI患者行TVT-O治疗,观察手术并发症情况;术后随访3～12个月,对手术疗效及术后生活质量进行评估。结果 30例患者手术均成功,平均手术时间30 min,平均出血量35 mL,平均住院天数为4.5 d。术后大腿内侧疼痛2例,尿频、尿急2例,经相应处理症状均消失。本组30例均无明显排尿困难,无膀胱损伤、神经损伤,无尿失禁复发,无慢性疼痛、吊带侵蚀及网片排异反应等远期并发症发生。治愈28例,改善2例,无效0例,治愈率为93.3%,有效率为100%。结论 TVT-O治疗SUI疗效确切,具有操作简便、手术时间短、创伤小、不损伤膀胱、疗效持久、不易复发等优点。     

经尿道前列腺切除术治疗大前列腺腺体患者的研究

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)切除大前列腺增生的安全性和临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析TURP手术切除腺体组织≥40g的前列腺增生患者56例的临床过程. 结果 56例患者平均切除前列腺组织62.4 g(48～122 g),切除率为60％,手术时间113.4 min (70～180min).患者术后下尿路症状明显改善,38例患者国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前(25.6±1.5)分降至术后(6.0±2.0)分;22例患者最大尿流率由术前(5.0±1.9) ml/s升至术后(18.0±4.5)ml/s,剩余尿量由术前95 ml(40～250 ml)减少至术后10 ml(0～60 ml). 结论 熟练的TURP技术治疗腺体组织≥40 g大前列腺增生患者的效果良好,并发症可接受,是一种安全的手术治疗选择.     

前列腺癌^125I粒子植入治疗对下尿路症状的影响（附70例报道）

目的探讨前列腺癌^125I粒子植入治疗后下尿路症状的变化规律,为临床治疗提供参考。方法接受^125I粒子植入治疗的前列腺癌患者72例,失访2例,随访70例,年龄58～85岁,平均年龄（73．6±10．4）岁。临床分期T1bNoMo～T3bNoMo。治疗前PSA0．4～55．2ng／mL,Gleason评分6～9分,前列腺体积19mL～59mL。国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS评分）5～21分,平均14分。植入粒子30～90粒,平均活度0．38mCi,总活度平均27．22mCi;植入针12～23根。术前1周至术后6个月常规使用α-肾上腺能受体阻滞剂。观察治疗后下尿路症状的变化。结果70例随访3～72个月,中位随访时间29．3个月。出院后无急性尿潴留发生;轻度尿失禁2例（2．9％）,均在术后2～4个月好转。出现尿频、尿急及排尿困难或加重65例（92．9％）。术后0．5、1、2、3、6、9、12、18、24个月出现尿频、尿急及排尿困难或加重者分别为34．3％、85．7％、92．9％、82．8％、45．7％、28．6％、17．1％、8．5％、2．8％。下尿路症状持续时间与治疗前IPSS评分成正相关,P值为0．007。结论前列腺癌^125I粒子植入治疗后下尿路症状常见,持续时间较长,但不严重,大多数可恢复。持续时间与治疗前IPSS评分相关,使用α-肾上腺能受体阻滞剂可以有效缓解症状并避免手术干预。     

不同路径手术治疗老年女性压力性尿失禁的对比研究

目的 评价经耻骨后间隙、经闭孔的2种路径尿道中段悬吊术在治疗老年女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的安全性和临床效果.方法 选择2003年6月至2005年6月单纯性SUI患者52例,采用经耻骨后间隙的阴道尿道中段网片悬吊术(IVS);2005年10月至2008年10月单纯性SUI患者112例,采用自制聚丙烯网片及穿刺锥行改良闭孔尿道中段悬吊术(改良TVT-O);对2组患者治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果 IVS组手术治愈率80.8%(42/52),好转率13.5%(7/52);改良TVT-O组手术治愈率84.8%(95/112),好转率11.6%(13/112),2组患者术后1个月随访均有无效病例,其中IVS组3例,改良TVT-O组4例.对7例无效病例,均再次行前路悬吊术.术后6个月、12个月随访结果提示患者均恢复良好.2组患者各有1例术后控制排尿效果良好,但出现了网片侵蚀,予拆除网片后重新行前路悬吊术,疗效良好.仅在IVS组有3例术中常规行膀胱镜检查时发现有膀胱损伤.2组患者手术治疗后控制排尿效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).改良TVT-O组在手术时间、出血量、治疗费用均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 改良TVT-O、IVS 2种手术方法简单、操作安全,均为高效、微创的控尿手术,但改良TVT-O手术时间短、价格更低廉,易为患者接受.     

糖尿病性膀胱的诊治探讨

一般资料共47例,男21例,女26例,年龄49～87(54.12±31.26)岁.病程4～19(8.35±2.32)年.自觉症状主要为:排尿时间延长,尿频急,尿流变细,排尿困难,尿淋沥不尽,尿失禁,下腹胀感等,多数患者合并尿路感染.查体19例下腹触及压迫有尿意感的包块;4例患者排尿后导出残余尿量1700～4900ml.     

绝经后的膀胱

在任何年龄,女性的下尿路症状和尿路症状以及尿失禁均较男性常见,并随年龄而增加。70％绝经妇女的尿失禁与最后的月经周期有关,Hilton发现40％的泌尿科病人年龄为40～60岁,与绝经的平均年龄一致。但也有相反意见。绝经后低雌激素血症的影响是进行性的,与其他因素共同作用可致症状发生。病史和体检 20％30～64岁的肥胖女性诉尿急和尿频,57％的老年妇女发生尿失禁。病史对诊治是重要的,但常需进行有效的辅助检查。尿失禁是最常见的症状,常为压迫性和驱策性。压迫性尿失禁仅有单一的症状和体征,而无其他下尿路症状者为真性压迫性尿失禁(GSI),但71％的GSI诉有驱策性尿失禁。而近40％膀胱不稳定的病人诉有     

尿道前列腺汽化电切术治疗老年男性巨大良性前列腺增生的有效性

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗老年男性巨大良性前列腺增生的有效性。方法老年男性巨大良性前列腺增生患者64例,平均年龄(72.10±7.2)岁,前列腺大小(108.04±26.6)ml,术前国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分(26.78±2.4)分,生活质量(QOL)评分(4.52±0.7)分,最大尿流率(Qmax)平均(7.63±2.5)ml/s,手术时间(101.35±34.72)min。结果 64例患者均手术成功,无术中转开放病例,术后患者下尿路症状均有明显改善。结论经尿道前列腺电汽化术对老年男性巨大良性前列腺增生的治疗是有效的。     

盆底康复训练治疗中老年妇女压力性尿失禁的效果评价

目的观察盆底康复治疗压力性尿失禁的临床效果。方法选取86例压力性尿失禁的妇女随机分成对照组（n=43）和治疗组（n=43）,治疗组由专人指导进行盆底肌康复治疗,对照组进行一般健康教育。治疗前和治疗结束时评价2组自觉症状、盆底肌收缩力、1 h尿垫试验和尿失禁生活质量问卷评分。结果治疗组在治疗后自觉症状有改善,轻度和中度患者漏尿症状改善率分别为95.65%和81.25%。盆底肌张力强度评分上升,治疗前平均肌力为（2.56±0.42）分,治疗后为（3.29±0.98）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗前1 h尿垫试验（1HPTV）平均值为（5.93±2.05）g,治疗后为（4.16±1.84）g,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗后生活质量问卷评分与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论盆底康复训练可改善妇女盆底肌功能,治疗压力性尿失禁有效。     

日本呼吸学会评分系统和GAP分期标准与特发性肺纤维化患者预后的相关性分析

目的比较现行日本呼吸学会(Japanese respiratory society,JRS)评分系统和GAP(gender,age and physiologic variables)分期标准在评估特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)患者疾病严重程度上的一致性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性收集2011年1月至2016年1月在上海市肺科医院住院期间确诊IPF的155例患者,其中男149例,女6例,年龄40~80岁,平均(63±7)岁。分别使用JRS评分系统及GAP分期标准对患者进行疾病严重度分期,JRS评分Ⅰ期91例(91/155,58.7%),Ⅱ期29例(29/155,18.7%),Ⅲ期24例(24/155,15.5%),Ⅳ期11例(11/155,7.1%);GAP分期Ⅰ期89例(89/155,57.4%),Ⅱ期52例(52/155,33.5%),Ⅲ期14例(14/155,9.0%)。所有患者均进行为期2年的随访,分析不同严重程度患者的预后及生存情况。结果按照GAP分期,各期患者的年龄、性别、体征、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、超敏C反应蛋白、圣乔治评分(SGRQ)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、6 min步行试验及6 min步行试验后SpO2差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);吸烟史(各期分别为68、37、9例)、存在呼吸道症状(各期分别为70、48、14例)、合并肺动脉高压(各期分别为22、20、8例)、ESR[各期分别为(24±17)、(30±21)、(41±22)mm/1 h]、PaO2[各期分别为(92±24)、(81±20)、(74±15)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、FVC[各期分别为(2.9±0.6)、(2.2±0.5)、(1.6±0.3)L]及FEV1[各期分别为(2.4±0.5)、(1.8±0.5)、(1.4±0.3)L]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照JRS评分,各期患者的年龄、性别、吸烟史、呼吸道症状及体征、超敏CRP、ESR、圣乔治评分、6 min步行试验及FEV1差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PaO2[各期分别为(99±22)、(76±3)、(66±3)、(54±4)mmHg]、PaCO2[各期分别为(39±3)、(40±3)、(39±4)、(38±5)]、SpO2[各期分别为(97.2±1.2)%、(95.2±1.0)%、(93.2±1.3)%、(87.4±4.1)%]、6 min步行试验后SpO2[各期分别为(94.1±1.0)%、(93.2±1.2)%、(90.2±1.1)%、(87.4±4.1)%]、合并肺动脉高压(各期分别为21、13、11、5例)及FVC[各期分别为(2.6±0.7)、(2.6±0.7)、(2.2±0.6)、(2.2±0.7)L]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两种评分方法结果存在一致性(P<0.05),但一致性不强(Kappa值<0.75)。按照GAP分期标准的各期患者1年生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2年生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照JRS评分系统的各期患者1年及2年生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论GAP分期标准和JRS评分系统在评估IPF患者疾病严重程度上准确性和一致性均不高,两种评分方法在评估生存率方面未能体现出价值。     

Different sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence: A lesson from 453 patients

Several midurethral sling (MUS) procedures, such as tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), TVT obturator (TVT-O), tension-free vaginal tape SECUR (TVT-S), and pubovaginal sling (PVS), have been used for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI); however, which method is best for a particular patient group is not known. This study aimed to identify the best rationale for choosing the optimal MUS procedure for each patient. In total, 453 consecutive female patients with SUI who were treated with MUSs in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2003 to September 2011 were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent comprehensive pre-, intra-, and postoperative evaluations, including collection of demographic information, pelvic examination, and urodynamic testing, and operation-related complications were recorded. The Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire was also completed. Under local or general anesthesia, 105 cases were treated with TVT, 243 with TVT-O, 90 with TVT-S, and 15 with PVS. Patients with different profiles in terms of age, symptom duration, concomitant procedures, urodynamic parameters, and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) quantification score were treated successfully; the body mass index did not differ significantly among the various treatment options. The cure and improvement rates were similar among the treatment groups: 97.14% (102/105) in TVT, 100% (243/243) in TVT-O, 98.89% (89/90) in TVT-S, and 100% (15/15) in PVS. Only minor complications were experienced by the patients. In conclusion, each MUS procedure was observed to be safe and effective in different subpopulations of patients, and the results suggest that appropriate patient selection is crucial for the success of each MUS procedure.     

Defining Causes for Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Women

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the causes for overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women visiting a urological clinic. Methods: We prospectively recruited female patients with OAB symptoms between December 2008 and February 2010. All patients were interviewed for their detailed personal and medical history. All patients completed a 3‐day frequency‐volume chart. Symptom severity was evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaires. All patients underwent either conventional pressure‐flow urodynamic studies or video‐urodynamic studies. On the basis of these evaluations, patients were assigned to one of the following categories: idiopathic OAB, stress urinary incontinence (SUI)‐associated, neurogenic bladder, or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Results: A total of 108 female patients were recruited into the study. The mean age of the patients was 63.75 ± 14.02 years (range: 23–89). Detrusor overactivity was demonstrated in 55 patients (51%). The differential diagnosis was idiopathic OAB in 51 women (47.2%), SUI‐associated in 46 (42.6%), neurogenic bladder in 13 (12.0%) and BOO in 7 (6.5%). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the causes for OAB symptoms could be defined in half of the women visiting a urological clinic. Among them, SUI was the most common. Moreover, OAB symptoms in women might relate to BOO. Detailed history taking and sophisticated urodynamic studies are required for a substantial group of female patients with OAB symptoms to make the correct diagnosis and provide optimal therapy.     

口服Ⅱ型胶原肽—霍乱毒素B亚单位复合物对胶原诱导性关节炎的影响

目的 关节炎急性期胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)小鼠口服Ⅱ型胶原免疫活性肽段(250-270))[CⅡ（250-270）]和霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTB)的共价复合物,观察其是否能产生免疫耐受。方法 DBA/1小鼠分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组为健康对照,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组小鼠制成CIA。Ⅲ组小鼠于关节炎发病率达到100％后,灌胃CⅡ(250-270 )-CTB共价复合物,Ⅳ组小鼠于初次免疫后第14日灌胃CⅡ(250-270)与CTB的混合物。记录小鼠关节炎症评分及病理评分。关节炎发生率比较采用Fisher精确概率法,关节炎累计评分及组织病理累计评分采用方差分析。结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的关节炎发生率分别为0、100％、100％和25％;关节炎累计评分均值分别为0、5.0±1.7、10.8±2.8和1.0±2.0;关节炎病理累计评分均值分别为0、16±8、32±13和7±6。结论 CIA小鼠于免疫后的关节炎临床前期口服CⅡ( 250-270)与CTB的混合物能抑制关节炎的发生及严重程度,关节炎急性炎症期口服CⅡ(250-270)-CTB共价复合物后可能使关节炎症加重。     

女性慢性咳嗽患者生活质量及尿失禁调查

目的 了解成年女性慢性咳嗽患者的生活质量和尿失禁状况.方法 以门诊就诊的慢性患者为对象,通过调查问卷的方式评估女性慢性咳嗽患者的生理、心理及社会功能的影响,并比较与男性患者的差异.结果 共入选288例慢性咳嗽患者,其中女性142例,平均年龄为(44.7±16.1)岁,病程为37(2～360)个月,男性146例,平均年龄为(41.3±14.3)岁,病程为24(2～480)个月.男性患者与女性患者在生理状况领域的平均得分差异无统计学意义(4.23±0.87 vs 4.15±0.82,P>0.05),心理健康领域(3.61±1.12 vs 3.69±1.00,P>0.05)及社会功能领域(3.85±1.18 vs 3.82±1.13,P>0.05)差异均无统计学意义.女性患者尿失禁发生率(71/142,50.0%)显著高于男性(3/146,2.1%),X2=86.7,P<0.01.结论 女性慢性咳嗽患者的生活质量受到严重影响,程度与男性类似,但尿失禁是女性患者的一个普遍问题.     

Efficacy of Synthetic Suburethral Slings in Female Urinary Stress Incontinence with Overactive Bladder

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of synthetic suburethral slings in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: From May 2002 to April 2005, a total of 295 women with SUI underwent suburethral sling procedure. Of the 295 women, only those who were followed up for at least 12 months were included in the study, yielding 236 patients. The patients were divided into three groups: pure SUI; SUI with OAB dry; and SUI with OAB wet. Telephone questionnaires by were used to evaluate the postoperative improvement of SUI and storage symptoms. Results: There were significant differences in preoperative symptom score, quality of life (QoL) score, and preoperative voided volume among the three groups. There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of the cure rate for the stress component (group 1, 88.6%; group 2, 86.2%; group 3, 86.7%; P = 0.943). Eighty percent of group 1 patients improved in frequency, but two patients (2.3%) complained of de novo urgency. In group 2, 81.5 and 82.7% improved in frequency and urgency, respectively, but one patient (1.7%) complained of de novo urge incontinence. In group 3, 76.9 and 84.4% improved in frequency and urge incontinence, respectively. Conclusion: Suburethral slings are simple, safe and highly effective in treating SUI with OAB.     

Prospective Study Comparing the Suprapubic Arc (Sparc) Procedure and the Transobturator (Monarc) Procedure for Treating Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Objectives: In a comparative trial we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the suprapubic arch (Sparc) and transobturator (Monarc) procedures for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: Between November 2003 and May 2004, 46 women with SUI who underwent the Sparc procedure and 42 women who underwent the Monarc procedure were analyzed. The preoperative evaluation included history taking, physical examination, voiding diary, stress and 1‐h pad tests and a comprehensive urodynamic examination. Postoperative evaluation included a stress test, 1‐h pad test, and uroflowmetry with postvoid residuals. Results: After 1 year of follow up, the rates of cure and satisfaction were 93.5 and 93.0%, respectively, in the Sparc group. The rates of cure and satisfaction were 95.2 and 85.7%, respectively, in the Monarc group. After 2 years of follow up, the rates of cure (93.5 vs 92.9%) and satisfaction (84.8 vs 83.3%) were similar between the two groups. No bladder injury occurred in the Monarc group. Bladder injury occurred in 6.5% (n = 3) of the patients in the Sparc group. Vaginal wall perforation occurred in 4.8% (n = 2) of the patients in the Monarc group (P > 0.05). Late complications included de novo urge symptoms (8.7 vs 11.9%) and voiding dysfunction (10.9 vs 9.5%). Conclusions: The transobturator Monarc procedure appears to be as efficient and safe as the retropubic Sparc procedure for the treatment of SUI.