Graves病、Graves眼病患者促甲状腺受体抗体测定的临床意义

目的探讨Graves病、Graves眼病患者促甲状腺受体抗体(TRAb)测定的临床意义。方法用放射免疫法测定单纯Graves病组(A组,83例)和Graves眼病组(B组,73例)患者血清TRAb水平,并行Graves眼病临床活动性评分(CAS)和以NOSPECS分级判断眼病严重度。结果血清TRAb水平和眼病的活动度与严重度呈正相关,且中重度Graves眼病者TRAb水平显著高于轻度Graves眼病者(P<0.05)。结论血清TRAb值的显著增高可考虑为预测Graves眼病发展及指导治疗的指标之一。     

Graves病孕妇血清促甲状腺受体抗体的检测价值

目的分析检测患Graves病孕妇血清中促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)的临床价值。方法选择我院诊治的35例患Graves病孕妇作为实验组,另选35例健康体检孕妇作为对照组,ELISA法检测两组孕妇血清中TRAb浓度,化学发光免疫法检测游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)的含量水平。结果实验组孕妇血清中TRAb、FT3、FT4含量明显高于对照组,服用药物治疗3个月含量仍然高于正常值,6个月后趋于正常。结论检测孕妇Graves病患者血清中TRAb含量不仅对于Graves病的诊断、疗效观察有重要意义,还可指导临床治疗用药量及治疗时机。     

Graves甲亢血清相关抗体的检测研究

目的探索血清抗体检测对于Graves甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者的临床价值。方法 Graves甲亢患者50例作为实验组,同期进行健康体检的健康人50例作为对照组,对两组空腹血清进行游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)含量测定。并对所收集到的数据进行统计学分析。结果实验组的血清FT3、FT4含量明显高于对照组,而TSH和TRAb含量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清抗体检测对于Graves甲亢患者的临床诊断及预后判断有重要的价值和意义。     

药用炭片联合甲巯咪唑片治疗Graves病患者的疗效观察

目的 观察药用炭片联合甲巯咪唑片治疗Graves病患者的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我科门诊193例Graves病患者,随机分为单纯服用甲巯咪唑组(对照组),药用炭片联合甲巯咪唑片组(治疗组),比较两组疗效.结果 两组患者治疗后甲状腺毒症缓解时间、FT3、FT4的下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 药用炭片无明显毒副作用,联合甲巯咪唑片治疗Graves病患者疗效显著,值得临床研究应用.     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病实验室诊断

目的：采用TPOAb、TGb、FT3、FT4五项指标对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）提供诊断和鉴别诊断的实验室依据。方法：采用放射免疫（受体）分析法测量165例AITD患者血清中TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb、FT3、FT4水平。结果：桥本甲状腺炎组TPOAb和TGAb升高与Graves病组、桥本甲亢组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．001）；TRAb、FT3、FT4正常与Graves病组、桥本甲亢组结果差异有显著性（P〈0．001）；Graves组和桥本甲亢组TRAb、FT3、FT4升高差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而TPOAb和TGAb结果升高差异有显著性（P〈0．001）。结论：上述五项实验室指标对AITD诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗原则、方法的选择具有重要意义。     

血清TRAb测定在Graves病诊治中的临床意义的探讨

目的探讨血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）水平的改变在Graves病（GD）的诊断、治疗和复发中的临床意义。方法把385例GD患者分为初诊组、缓解组和复发组,对照组为85例健康人。对所有对象进行TRAb水平的测定,所得结果进行统计学分析处理。结果GD各组的TRAb阳性率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）初诊组和复发组的TRAb阳性率明显高于缓解组（P〈0．05）。结论GD患者血中TRAb浓度升高,对其水平的检测在诊断、治疗及随访复发中具有重要价值。     

Efficacy of Ilithium carbonate combined with 131 Ⅰ in treatment of women Graves disease

目的 探讨碳酸锂联合131Ⅰ在治疗妇女Graves病的疗效.方法 51例女性Graves病患者随机分为研究组(30例)及对照组(21例).两组均一次性口服131Ⅰ量;研究组治疗当日开始加服碳酸锂250 mg,2次/天,连服4周.检测不同时间的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平.记录不良反应,随访疗效.结果 131Ⅰ治疗后15、30、60d,研究组FT3、FT4水平低于对照组(P＜0.01).研究组30、60和90 d FT3和FT4较治疗前明显下降;而对照组FT3、FT4较治疗前明显升高.研究组治疗60 d时甲状腺大小恢复正常者28例(93.3％),明显多于对照组的11例(52.4％)(P＜0.01).研究组治愈率高于对照组(93.3％ vs.57.1％)(P＜0.01).结论 碳酸锂联合131Ⅰ治疗妇女Graves病,能早期降低血清甲状腺激素水平,快速缩小甲状腺,减轻131Ⅰ治疗的不良反应.     

格雷夫斯眼病患者TGAb TMAb TRAb的检测及临床意义

目的探讨甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)、甲状腺受体抗体(TRAb)与格雷夫斯眼病(GO)的关系,了解各指标在GO患者发病中的作用。方法采用放射免疫分析法检测64例格雷夫斯病(GD)患者及121例GO患者血清TGAb、TMAb、TRAb值,并对两组各指标的检测值及TRAb阳性检出率进行比较。结果两组患者血清TGAb、TMAb活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GO组及GD组TRAb活性分别为(28±6)U/L和(11±10)U/L,GO组明显高于GD组(P<0.05);GO组及GD组阳性检出率分别为72.7%和51.6%,GO组显著高于GD组(P<0.05)。结果TRAb在GO的诊断中具有重要意义;推测GD患者血清TRAb显著增高是合并或随病程延长可能合并GO的重要标志。     

探讨碳酸锂联合131I在治疗妇女Graves病的疗效

目的探讨碳酸锂联合131I在治疗妇女Graves病的疗效。方法 51例女性Graves病患者随机分为研究组(30例)及对照组(21例)。两组均一次性口服131I量;研究组治疗当日开始加服碳酸锂250mg,2次/天,连服4周。检测不同时间的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。记录不良反应,随访疗效。结果 131I治疗后15、30、60d,研究组FT3、FT4水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组30、60和90dFT3和FT4较治疗前明显下降;而对照组FT3、FT4较治疗前明显升高。研究组治疗60d时甲状腺大小恢复正常者28例(93.3%),明显多于对照组的11例(52.4%)(P<0.01)。研究组治愈率高于对照组(93.3%vs.57.1%)(P<0.01)。结论碳酸锂联合131I治疗妇女Graves病,能早期降低血清甲状腺激素水平,快速缩小甲状腺,减轻131I治疗的不良反应。     

栀子清肝汤对Graves病血清促甲状腺素受体抗体的影响

目的:观察栀子清肝汤对Graves病患者血清促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)的影响。方法:将62例Graves病患者随机分为单纯规范化治疗组(GD单组)和栀子清肝汤加甲巯咪唑组(GD中组),通过长疗程治疗,观察TRAb的阳性率。结果 :治疗后GD中组TRAb阳性7例,阳性率22.58%;GD单组阳性15例,阳性率48.39%,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:栀子清肝汤有利于降低Graves病的复发。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.