抑制核因子-κB受体活化因子及其配体通路治疗牙周炎的研究进展

核因子-κB受体活化因子(RANK)及其配体(RANKL)在牙周炎患者的牙槽骨吸收中具有重要的作用,抑制RANKL/RANK通路,可有效抑制破骨细胞的分化和激活,从而抑制牙槽骨的吸收。骨保护蛋白(OPG)可和RANKL结合,干扰RANKL和RANK的结合,从而防止骨组织的过度破坏。本文就RANKL/RANK/OPG轴、RANKL/RANK/OPG与牙周炎、抑制RANKL/RANK通路治疗牙周炎的可行性等研究进展作一综述。     

骨保护素在牙根吸收中保护作用的研究进展

［摘要］ 牙根吸收是一种生理性或病理性牙本质、牙骨质缺损的临床现象,为口腔科常见病。目前对于牙根吸收尚无有效预防手段和治疗方法。有关牙根吸收机制的研究,近几年发现骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）在此过程中起重要作用,本文就近几年OPG的结构、表达及功能,OPG/核因子kB受体活化因子配体（ligand of receptor activator of NF-κB,RANKL）/核因子kB受体活化因子（receptor activator NF-κB,RANK）系统,OPG在牙根周围相关组织中的保护作用作一综述。     

大鼠正畸压力侧牙槽骨改建中RANKL和OPG mRNA的表达

目的研究破骨细胞核因子kB受体活化因子配基（receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL）及其伪受体骨保护因子（osteoprotegerin,OPG）的mRNA在大鼠正畸牙移动压力侧牙槽骨改建中的表达变化及时问分布特点。方法选用80只6周龄SD雄性大鼠建立正畸牙移动模型,分别在加力后2d、5d、7d、10d和14d各处死16只大鼠。HE染色观察大鼠牙周组织的形态学变化;TRAP染色计数压力侧牙槽骨组织中的破骨细胞数量;实时定量PCR方法检测RANKL和OPGmRNA的表达变化及时问分布特点。结果骨改建的最活跃期为正畸加力后的第7d,压力侧牙槽骨组织中的TRAP染色阳性破骨细胞计数随加力时间的增加而增加,第7d达到高峰,而后逐渐降低。压力侧牙槽骨组织中的RANKL和OPGmRNA表达水平均随加力时间的增加而增加,第7d达到高峰,而后均逐渐降低。结论RANKL和OPG mRNA表达的变化规律不仅与骨改建过程一致,而且也与TRAP染色阳性破骨细胞数量的变化规律一致。RANKL和OPG与正畸牙移动骨改建过程中破骨细胞的分化、形成和功能密切相关。     

重组人白介素-1α对人牙周膜成纤维细胞表达RANKL和OPG影响的荧光定量RT-PCR研究

目的：通过观察重组人白介素-1α（rhIL-1α）对体外培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞（HPDLFs）核因子kB受体活化因子配基（RANKL）和骨保护素（OPG）表达的影响来探讨牙槽骨改建的调节机制。方法：以不同浓度rhIL-1α（0、5、10、20μg/L）作用于体外培养HPDLFs,于24 h后收集细胞,利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测RANKLmRNA和OPG mRNA的表达。结果：rhIL-1α同时上调HPDLFs表达RANKL mRNA和OPG mRNA,但RANKL/OPG的比值增加,这种调节作用在10μg/L的作用浓度时最明显。结论：rhIL-1α可在体外影响HP-DLFs表达RANKL mRNA和OPG mRNA,调节RANKL/OPG比值,与牙槽骨改建密切相关。     

骨化三醇对人牙周膜细胞维生素D受体、RANKL和骨保护因子表达的调节

目的 探讨骨化三醇(又称1α,25-二羟维生素D3,以下简称VD3)对人牙周膜细胞(human periodontal ligament cells,hPDLC)维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANKL)和骨保护因子(osteoprotegerin,OPG)表达的调节作用及相关机制.方法 原代培养12个供体来源的hPDLC群,传代培养至第3代,分别以10-8 mol/L VD3(VD,组)和0.1%无水乙醇处理(对照组),6 d后用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测VDR、RANKL和OPG mRNA的表达水平.分析12个细胞群RANKL基因转录起始位点上游调控区DNA碱基序列.结果 VD3组与对照组相比,VDR mRNA表达水平显著上调(P=0.003),为对照组的(3.04±1.06)倍;RANKL mRNA表达水平显著升高(P=0.001),为对照组的9.82(0.75～119.18)倍;OPG mRNA表达水平为对照组的(94.48±39.15)%,P=0.136;OPG/RANKL比值显著下调(P=0.003),为对照组的10.36%(1.01%～138.00%).未发现RANKL基因上游调控区序列突变位点;-1832(m7984870,C/G)多态性位点基因型与RANKL mRNA的表达和调节之间无显著相关性.结论 在hPDLC中,VD3可以促进VDR mRNA的表达;VD3可显著上调RANKL mRNA的表达从而降低OPG/RANKL比值,而对OPG mRNA的表达水平影响较小.在VD3作用下,细胞群间RANKL mRNA表达的差异性可能与RANKL基因上游调控区碱基序列无关.     

17β-雌二醇对人根尖牙乳头干细胞RANKL、OPG表达影响的研究

目的:探讨17β-雌二醇对人根尖牙乳头干细胞(stem cells from apical papilla,SCAPs)核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)表达的影响。方法:通过酶消化法分离培养SCAPs,将SCAPs分别于对照组(普通培养基+10μmol/L无水乙醇)和含0.1μmol/L17β-雌二醇的培养基培养3d和7d后,实时荧光定量PCR法和蛋白质免疫印迹法分别检测RANKL、OPG mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:17β-雌二醇刺激3d和7d组,OPGmRNA和蛋白表达均较对照组升高(P<0.01),RANKL mRNA和蛋白表达均较对照组降低(P<0.01)。结论:17β-雌二醇可能通过调节RANKL/OPG系统,参与调节SCAPs成牙/骨及破牙/骨活性。     

抑制核因子-κB受体活化因子及其配体通路治疗牙周炎的研究进展

核因子-κB受体活化因子（RANK）及其配体（RANKL）在牙周炎患者的牙槽骨吸收中具有重要的作用,抑制RANKL／RANK通路,可有效抑制破骨细胞的分化和激活,从而抑制牙槽骨的吸收。骨保护蛋白（OPG）和RANKL结合,干扰RANKL和RANK的结合,从而防止骨组织的过度破坏。本文就RANKL／RANK／OPG轴、RANKL／RANK／OPG与牙周炎、抑制RANKL／RANK通路治疗牙周炎的可行性等研究进展作一综述。     

PGE2、COX-2表达与牙槽骨成骨活性、内氧水平的关系

目的：探讨前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)、环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)表达与牙槽骨成骨活性、内氧水平的关系。方法：选择2021年3月—2023年3月收治的56例慢性牙周炎且牙槽骨感染的患者为试验（牙周炎）组,同一时段53例健康牙槽骨为对照组。采用组织块培养法进行成骨细胞培养,采用改良Kaplow碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）染色鉴定细胞,利用ELISA试剂盒检测COX-2、PGE2、破骨细胞抑制因子（osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor,OPG）和核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand,RANKL）等的表达,比较2组患者PGE2、COX-2、OPG、内氧水平、ALP和RANKL的表达水平,并分析其相关性。采用SPSS 27.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：牙周炎组的PGE2、COX-2、RANKL显著高于对照组,而OPG、内氧水平、ALP显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。P...     

中间普氏菌培养上清对牙龈成纤维细胞RANKL／OPG表达的影响

目的：探讨中间普氏菌培养上清对牙龈成纤维细胞核因子-κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）、骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）表达的影响。方法：将系列浓度的中间普氏菌培养上清作用于牙龈成纤维细胞,显微镜下观察细胞的变化。实时定量 RT-PCR法和 Western blot法分别检测 RANKL、OPG mRNA及蛋白水平的表达,并计算 RANKL/OPG的比值。结果：牙龈成纤维细胞的数量随中间普氏菌培养上清浓度的增加而减少,50μg/mL 时,显微镜下没有活细胞存在。在mRNA水平上和蛋白水平上,RANKL/OPG的比值在12．5μg/mL处理组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：中间普氏菌培养上清可诱导人牙龈成纤维细胞表达 RANKL 和 OPG,破坏 RANKL/OPG比例的平衡,影响破骨细胞分化的细胞因子微环境,在破骨细胞分化和牙周炎骨吸收中起着一定的调节作用。     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.