接触不同浓度二硫化碳工人神经系统体征异常检出率分析

目的 研究接触不同浓度二硫化碳(CS2)对作业工人神经系统体征异常检出率的影响.方法 收集某化纤厂2004-2011年间工作场所CS2浓度或作业工人个体接触CS2浓度的检测资料并进行处理,对该化纤厂3 464名接触CS2的作业工人分别进行肌力和肌张力、膝反射、跟腱反射、四肢感觉功能及三颤等神经系统体征检查;用x2检验的方法比较不同组间神经系统异常率的差异.结果 该化纤厂作业工人接触CS2的8h时间加权平均浓度为0.2～41.0 mg/m3,几何均数为2.38 mg/m3.其中1 771名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为0.2～2.5 mg/m3;642名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为2.6～4.8 mg/m3;1 051名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为5.1～41.0 mg/m3,大于5.0 mg/m3的职业接触限值标准.累积接触量为≤10.0、10.1 ～ 20.0、20.1 ～ 30.0、30.1 ～ 40.0、40.1 ～ 50.0、＞50.0 mg/m3·年组的膝反射异常率为3.0％(31/1 045)、3.7％(21/574)、4.8％(16/331)、3.3％(10/305)、5.9％ (11/187)、6.7％ (68/1 022),差异有统计学意义(x2=19.53,P＜0.01);跟腱反射异常率为2.2％ (23/1 045)、3.7％ (21/574)、2.7％ (9/331)、2.3％ (7/305)、2.1％ (4/187)、5.6％(57/1 022),差异有统计学意义(x2=21.27,P＜0.01);感觉功能异常率为0.4％(4/1 045)、0.5％(3/574)、0.6％(2/331)、0.0％(0/305)、2.1％ (4/187)、1.7％(17/1 022),差异有统计学意义(x2=15.89,P＜0.01).按年龄和性别分层统计结果,除≤25岁年龄段不同浓度组间跟腱反射异常率差异有统计学意义[接触浓度为≤2.5、2.6～5.0、≥5.0 mg/m3组跟腱反射异常率分别为0.4％(2/511)、1.0％(1/98)、2.1％(7/327),x2=5.59,P=0.045]外,其余各年龄段和各性别不同浓度组间神经系统各体征异常检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 接触CS2除对≤25岁年龄段跟腱反射异常率有影响外,对大部分年龄段和性别组作业工人神经系统各体征无明显影响.     

长期接触低浓度二硫化碳对健康的影响

目的探讨长期接触低浓度二硫化碳（CS2）对健康的影响。方法对1300名接触CS2粘胶车间工人和748名对照者健康情况作了调查，同时查阅了10年来车间空气中CS2浓度。结果10年来车间空气中CS2浓度基本低于卫生标准；接毒者工龄长于10年的工人类神经征、消化系统紊乱、胸闷心悸、咳嗽咯痰、视觉症状等主观症状发生显著增加。接触CS2工人神经系统体征的阳性率、心电图及高血压的检出率均高于对照组。结论长期接触低浓度CS2对工人健康有影响。     

接触不同浓度CS_2作业工人血常规指标异常检出率分析

目的通过分析二硫化碳(CS2)接触对作业工人血常规各指标的影响,提出职业健康监护行动水平的建议。方法收集某化纤厂2004—2011年间工作场所空气中CS2浓度或作业工人个体接触CS2浓度的检测资料,并对3 423名接触CS2的作业工人血常规指标的检查结果进行统计分析。结果作业工人接触CS2的8h时间加权平均浓度为0.2~41.0mg/m3,几何均数为2.38mg/m3。其中1 752名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为0.2~2.5mg/m3(≤2.5mg/m3为A组);638名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为2.6~4.8mg/m3(2.5mg/m3并≤5mg/m3为B组);1 033名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为5.1~41.0mg/m3(5mg/m3为C组)。男性红细胞异常率C组高于A、B两组,血红蛋白异常率随CS2浓度的增高而增高,红细胞和血红蛋白异常率在A、C两组之间及B、C两组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);女性血常规各指标异常率随CS2浓度的变化无明显规律,各浓度组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);≤25岁年龄段血红蛋白异常率随CS2浓度的增高而增高,且在A、C两组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);≤5a工龄段红细胞和血红蛋白异常率均随CS2浓度的升高而升高,且红细胞异常率A、C两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);血红蛋白异常率A、C两组及B、C两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论建议在对CS2作业工人进行职业健康监护时,执行CS2浓度为2.5mg/m3的行动水平。     

某化纤厂接触不同浓度二硫化碳的工人血糖血脂检出水平

[目的]研究二硫化碳(CS2)暴露对作业工人血糖(glucose,GLU)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TCHO)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)检出水平的影响,并提出职业健康监护行动水平的建议。[方法]收集某化纤厂2004—2011年间工作场所CS2浓度或作业工人个体接触CS2浓度的检测资料,对该化纤厂3 456名接触CS2的作业工人分别进行GLU、TCHO和TG水平的检查。[结果]该化纤厂作业工人接触CS2的8 h时间加权平均浓度为0.2~41.0 mg/m3,几何均数为2.38 mg/m3。其中1 758名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在0.2~2.5 mg/m3之间(A组);653名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在2.6~4.8 mg/m3之间(B组);1 045名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在5.1~41.0 mg/m3之间(C组)。男性C浓度组高TG检出率高于A、B两浓度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B浓度组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性高GLU、高TCHO检出率及女性高GLU、高TCHO和高TG检出率在不同浓度组中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段C浓度组高TG检出率高于A、B两浓度组;A、B浓度组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同浓度组间高GLU和高TCHO检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性不同累积接触量组间高TG检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高GLU和高TCHO检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性不同累积接触量组间高GLU、高TCHO和高TG检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]男性作业工人接触CS2浓度>5 mg/m3或累积接触量>50 mg/(m3·年)时,可使高TG检出率明显升高。在对CS2作业工人进行职业健康监护时,宜执行CS2时间加权平均浓度为2.5 mg/m3(职业接触限值的1/2)的行动水平,并加强对累积接触量>50 mg/(m3·年)的作业工人的健康检查。     

二硫化碳对接触工人心血管系统的影响

目的 探讨二硫化碳(CS2)接触对作业工人心血管系统的影响.方法 选取某化纤厂CS2污染程度不同的、有代表性的车间,对其633名接触CS2作业工人作业场所的CS2浓度进行检测,同时对工人进行血压、心电图、血常规、胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)等测定;用X2检验和多元logistic回归分析方法,对数据进行统计学处理.结果 作业工人接触CS2水平检测结果显示,共有389名作业工人接触CS2的浓度≤5 mg/m3,244名作业工人接触CS2的浓度＞5 mg/m3,其中接触CS2浓度最高值为15.73 mg /m3.CS2对作业工人的心电图各检查指标、红细胞、白细胞、血小板等指标以及TCHO和TG均无明显影响,对血压有正向影响,对血红蛋白有负向影响;男性CS2接触工人TCHO升高、TG升高及高血压检出率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),年龄≤30岁的CS2接触工人的窦性心律失常、高血压及TCHO升高的检出率均明显高于年龄＞30岁的CS2接触工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的窦性心律失常检出率明显高于工龄≥10年工人,1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的高血压及TCHO升高的检出率明显低于工龄≥10年工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CS2接触对心血管系统相关指标未见明显影响.     

较低浓度二硫化碳对作业男工FM100-HUE辨色能力的影响

为探讨较低浓度二硫化碳 (CS2 )对作业男工FM10 0 -HUE辨色能力的影响 ,采用气相色谱仪检测工人 8小时工作班接触CS2 浓度 ;FM10 0 HUE方法检测 191名CS2 作业男工和 93名对照者的辨色能力。结果显示 ,CS2 暴露组接触CS2 时间加权平均浓度为长丝车间 (14 75± 6 89)mg m3、短丝车间 (16 30± 5 42 )mg m3;常规眼科检查未见特异损伤 ;FM10 0 HUE平均辨色错误得分 (10 6 9)与对照组 (78 3)相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对绿色和蓝色区带的辨别能力也显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且短丝车间表现的影响更为突出。提示较低浓度CS2 对作业男工FM10 0 HUE辨色力有一定的损伤 ,应加强对该类作业工人的健康监护。     

某化纤企业作业工人二硫化碳接触水平

目的 了解某化纤企业二硫化碳(CS2)的污染水平.方法 选择该企业有代表性的车间和工种,对作业工人接触CS2的浓度进行检测,同时,收集该企业历年来CS2浓度检测资料进行综合分析.结果 79.6％的工种接触CS2的短时间接触浓度≤10 mg/m3,92％的工种接触CS2的短时间接触浓度≤20 mg/m3;约70％的工种接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度≤5 mg/m3,约90％的工种接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度≤10 mg/m3,仅有个别工种作业工人接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度＞15 mg/m3或短时间接触浓度＞30 mg/m3.结论 该化纤企业大部分工种作业工人接触CS2的浓度相对稳定在较低水平,但仍有相当一部分工种作业工人接触CS2浓度超过国家职业接触限值,今后仍需加强对CS2污染的治理.     

二硫化碳接触女工血清中性激素的水平

目的探讨接触低浓度二硫化碳(CS2)对女性工人血清中性激素水平的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 2010年11月,选取深圳某粘胶化纤公司60名接触CS2(浓度平均为13.37 mg/m3)、接触工龄为7～15 a的粘胶车间女工(接触组)和本厂不接触CS2者43名(对照组),采用放射免疫法分别测定血清中性激素水平。结果 CS2接触组血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);促卵泡激素(FSH)则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接触低浓度CS2对女性工人血清中性激素水平具有干扰作用。     

接触二硫化碳对作业人员健康的危害

为了解接触二硫化碳(CS2)对其作业人员健康危害的影响,选择274名从事CS2作业工人为接触组,选择不接触CS2及其他毒物的后勤人员178人为对照组进行调查。结果显示,接触CS2作业工人中类神经症和自主神经功能紊乱症状的检出率明显高于对照组;眼底血管改变、舒张压和甘油三酯升高的检出率接触组均明显高于对照组,且与工龄长短有关;心律失常与左室高电压症状的检出率接触组明显高于对照组。提示,长期接触CS2对作业工人的神经系统、心血管系统及脂肪代谢均具有一定程度的损害。     

二硫化碳对作业工人健康危害的流行病学调查

为了探讨二硫化碳(CS2)对作业工人的慢性危害,对274名从事CS2作业的工人和178名不接触CS2及其他毒物者(对照组)进行流行病学调查。结果显示,CS2作业工人神经衰弱综合征和自主神经功能紊乱症状,与对照组比较,差异有显著性。眼底血管改变、舒张压升高、甘油三酯的检出率均高于对照组(P<0.01),且与接触CS2浓度、工龄等呈正相关。心电图、心律失常、左室高电压检出率接触组均高于对照组。提示,长期接触CS2对作业工人神经系统、心血管系统及脂肪代谢具有一定的损害。认为血脂测定亦可作为慢性CS2中毒诊断指标之一。     

Cardiovascular effects in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide

The objectives of this study were to investigate the cardiovascular effects in workers currently exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) below the threshold limit value (TLV) of 31 mg/m3 and to determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) after long-term exposure. 172 men (91 workers exposed to CS2 in a viscose rayon factory and 81 referent workers) were examined using a medical and job history questionnaire, Rose's questionnaire, and electrocardiography at rest, and by measuring blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoproteins. Personal exposures were monitored simultaneously with active sampling and findings were analyzed according to the NIOSH 1600 method. As a result of technical and organizational improvements, personal CS2 exposures were well below the TLV (5.4-13.02 mg/m3). No significant effect of CS2 on blood pressure or lipids (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins AI and B) was found, even after allowance for confounding factors. The prevalence of CHD (ECG abnormalities and chest pain) was higher in the viscose rayon workers than in the workers with no exposure but reached statistical significance for men with exposure histories often years and more only (cumulative CS9 index > or = 150 mg/m3, the most highly exposed group). The findings suggest that the coronary risk is increased in workers previously exposed to high CS2 concentrations but not in those exposed to CS2 levels below the current TLV.     

二硫化碳作业工人血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶水平初探

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对某化纤厂６４名二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）作业工人血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）水平进行测定，结果显示接触ＣＳ２浓度高于１０ｍｇ／ｍ３及≤１０ｍｇ／ｍ３的工人血清ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ水平均显著高于对照组（３８１．１８，３１２．５０和２３９．１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０００１），呈一定剂量－效应关系。以装拆、纺丝等工段工人的血清ＳＯＤ水平增高为著。此外，应注意甄别年龄混杂因素对测定结果的影响。     

接触二硫化碳男工血清性激素水平及尿代谢物含量分析

为探讨长期接触二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）的粘胶纺丝男工血清性激素及尿２－硫代－噻唑啶－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）水平,应用放射免疫法测定接触工人血清性激素水平及用高效液相色谱法测定工人班末尿中ＴＴＣＡ含量。以多功能气体红外监测仪定点连续监测车间ＣＳ２浓度为（１４．４０±４．６２）ｍｇ／ｍ３（６．０１～２５．３０ｍｇ／ｍ３）,平均接触工龄为１０．４年。结果显示（１）接触组血清促卵泡激素〔ＦＳＨ：（１０．９４±７．３５）ＩＵ／Ｌ）〕明显高于对照组〔（７．５０±５．０７）ＩＵ／Ｌ〕;催乳素〔ＰＲＬ（５．７２±４．１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕则显著低于对照组〔（６．８９±４．６２）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕;血清促黄体激素（ＬＨ）、睾丸酮（Ｔ）等两组间均无统计学显著差异。但随着暴露工龄延长,ＨＬ含量明显下降。班的轮换不影响性激素水平。（２）在该接触浓度下工人班末尿ＴＴＣＡ为（１．０７２±１．０１３）ｍｇ／ｇ肌酐,随尿ＴＴＣＡ排出量增加,血清ＦＳＨ含量明显下降,存在接触－反应关系。本研究表明,现有接触水平对男工内分泌系统功能已造成一定损害。     

长期接触低浓度二硫化碳对工人健康的影响

目的探讨长期接触低浓度二硫化碳（ ＣＳ２）对工人健康的影响。方法对 １５０名接触ＣＳ２粘胶车间工人和８７名对照者健康状况作了调查,同时监测了１０年来车间空气中ＣＳ２浓度。结果 １０年来车间空气中ＣＳ２浓度基本低于卫生标准;接毒者工龄长于１０年的工人记忆减退、失眠和视觉症状等自觉症状发生显著增加（ＯＲ值分别为１９．６９、１５．４３、８．０７）。接触ＣＳ２工人眼底、视野、心电图、Ｂ超的异常率均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论长期接触低浓度ＣＳ２对工人健康有影响。     

Neuropsychological effects of occupational exposures to carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide

In the framework of an extensive health survey of viscose rayon workers in Belgium, 187 workers underwent a neuropsychological examination. Of these, 120 had been exposed for at least a year to carbon disulfide (CS&inf2;) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and 67 served as a non-exposed control group. Measurements showed that many of the 17 jobs in the factory involved exposures to CS&inf2; ranging from 3 mg/m(3) (centrifuge operator) to 147 mg/m(3) (spinning cake regulator), far in excess of the threshold limit value (TLV) of 31 mg/m(3); H2S exposures remained below the recommended TLV of 14 mg/m(3). The neuropsychological investigation included subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the entire Wechsler Memory Scale, the Bourdon-Wiersma Test, the Santa Ana Dexterity Test, the Gibson Spiral Maze, and the Bimanual Sinusoidal Movement Test. Specific questions were included to account for the effects of age, educational level, eye complaints, alcohol consumption, medication intake, and test motivation. Only the group exposed to values exceeding three times the recommended TLV for CS2; had significant impairments in both the speed and the quality of psychomotor performance. Exposure to CS2; and H2S had no significant effect on memory and attention. Covariance analysis revealed the confounding influences of educational level and eye complaints for explaining observed "differences" in memory and attention tasks found by univariate analysis.     

Cross-sectional study of the ophthalmological effects of carbon disulfide in Chinese viscose workers

This article presents cross-sectional investigation results of ophthalmological effects for the occupational exposure to carbon disulfide of workers at a large viscose fibre factory in the middle part of China. The total of 271 exposed subjects (191 males, 80 females) and 133 workers (93 males, 40 females) not exposed to any toxic agent in the working environment underwent ophthalmological examination. The self-administered questionnaire collected data on the medical history and ophthalmological complaints during the past three months. The ophthalmologic examination included routine examination for retinal capillary anomalies and and color vision with the FM 100-Hue test method. Nearly all subjects did not use respirators, smocks or aprons, gloves or other personal protective devices during work time. The average personal CS2 exposure level in the present study was 13.7-20.05 mg/m3. The FM 100-Hue test results showed that the total error scores of the exposed group, whether male or female, were higher than that of the control, the discrimination of the green and blue zones was also impaired significantly. A fundus examination showed no retinal capillary anomalies or other serious ophthalmological symptoms that may be related to effects of CS2. In conclusion, color vision was disturbed in workers exposed to CS2, at levels below the present threshold value. Reduced color discrimination may be attributed to long-term carbon disulfide exposure and suggests that health surveillance of workers exposed to carbon disulfide should include the FM 100-Hue Test as a sensitive and easy method.     

二硫化碳接触者血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶与丙二醛水平观察

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）与硫代巴经妥酸比色法对某化纤厂６７名二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）接触工人和８８名非接触者血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平进行调查。结果显示,不同浓度ＣＳ２接触工人血清ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ水平均显著高于对照组呈一定剂量－效应关系。以装拆等工段工人的血清ＳＯＤ水平增高为著。以接触指数（ＥＩ）分组则见,ＥＩ在６００以下时ＳＯＤ随ＥＩ的升高而增加,ＥＩ大于９００时ＳＯＤ似呈下     

Risk for hypertension in workers exposed to carbon disulfide in the viscose rayon industry

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS(2)) has been associated with hypertension, elevated cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and related mortality, adverse nervous and reproductive health effects, and hearing impairment. This study assessed the hypertension risk for male rayon workers exposed to CS(2). METHODS: A total of 251 rayon workers and 226 administrative clerks at two plants in Taiwan received health examination and interviews, and were compared for hypertension risk. On-site CS(2) levels were measured. RESULTS: The hypertension was more prevalent in the exposure group (43.4%) than in controls (7.1%) with greater impact on systolic blood pressure than diastolic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant dose-response relationship between hypertensive risk and cumulative exposure index (CEI) with an odds ratio of 15.1 for workers exposed to 343-468 year-ppm of CS(2). The overall risk was elevated to 7.6 times higher for rayon workers. The risk increased significantly after more than 10 years of employment. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that it takes a long exposure period to develop hypertension for rayon workers with CS(2) exposure.