医学地理学与军事医学地理学

简述了医学地理学研究，医学地理制图和军事医学地理学三个部分。２０世纪以来医学地理学的主要进展表现在四个方面：（１）应用理论地理和地理统计学技术和概念，区分并分析了疾病地区分布类型；（２）应用医学地理学概念，研究了保健计划和卫生行政管理问题；（３）用系统分析的概念，分析研究了环境所导致疾病的因果关系；（４）精确绘制疾病及其影响因素分布地图。最后指出了军事医学地理学在军队卫生勤务中的重要性和研究重点。     

民主德国军队选兵标准和增强身体素质措施

鉴于军队的任务和军事环境条件,世界各国军事医学专家多年来一直在研究如何维持和提高军人的作业能力。70年代以来,民主德国军队的新型现代化军事装备越来越多,随之带来了一些军事医学问题,需要军事医学科研机构从不同的途径开展人体生理适应能力与身体承受能力的研究,设法采取有利于提高军人作业能力的措施,以适应现代军事技术发展的需要。     

发展军事医学继续教育的建议与措施

主要分析了军事医学继续教育工作的现状与新型军事医学人才培养所需继续教育之间的差距,提出了完善军队卫生系统医学继续教育的一系列措施,重点分析了如何利用网络生物医学资源进行军事医学继续教育,为军事医学继续教育的发展提供了参考理论基础.     

军队医院应重视军事医学科研项目

当前,随着军队批准的军事科研奖项在报奖工作中占据的比例迅速增加,带动军事医学科研项目在军队各级医院科研工作中占据的比重也随之加大,使军事医学科研项目成为军队综合性医院科研工作的重要组成部分。     

军队医学院校加强军事医学史教育的思考

军事医学史在军事医学人才培养中占有非常重要的地位,由于观念、课程设置等方面的原因,军事医学史的教学还未纳入教学体系之中.军队医学院校必须充分重视军事医学史的教学与研究,精选教学内容,采用科学的授课方式,真正地发挥军事医学史在军事医学人才培养中的作用.     

军事医学物资采购的方法

军事医学物资采购是军队物资采购的重要组成部分,本文主要分析军事医学物资采购效益中存在的四个方面的问题,并有针对性地提出提高军事医学物资采购效益的措施。     

军事医学类目文献产出分析

目的：了解国内军事医学学术研究的发展动念。方法：采用分类号检索和描述性统计分析方法,对1983—2002年《中国生物医学光盘文献数据库（CBMdisc）》收录的军事医学类目文献进行调查分析。结果：20年来,军事医学文献产出30592篇,占医学文献总产出的1．17％;8个类目文献产出极不均衡,差异较大。结论：军事医学文献总产出较高,野战外科学、军队卫生学以及特种武器所致损伤等三个类目学术研究开展较好,但目前关于军队流行病学、军队临床病学和专科疾病等方面的研究存在一些不足．需要进一步加强。     

《边海防军事医学地理学》教材简介

正边海防军事医学地理学基于对我国边海防地理环境(因素)的研究,旨在为边海防部队卫生工作提供有价值的地理信息。此书力求向读者阐明:影响军事医学的主要地理因素有哪些,这些地理因素会对卫勤保障产生什么样的影响,以及如何将地理学的观点与方法运用于军事医学教研及卫勤保障活动当中。教材的总论介绍学科研究对象、研究任务、研究内容、研究方法及新近发展等,后续章节分别介绍     

美国军事医学科研项目管理模式及对我军的启示

美国的军事医学研究处于世界领先地位,研究美军的军事医学科研项目管理模式,对我军具有重要的借鉴意义.美军军事医学管理机构主要包括国防高级研究计划局(定位于战略战术)、国防威胁降低局(侧重于核生化威胁)、美陆军医学研究与物资部(面向于军事医学应用).通过对美军军事医学三大管理机构的科研项目管理与研究方向进行分析,探讨了其管...     

军队与艾滋病──第31届国际军事医学大会一个重要专题

１９９６年１０月在北京召开的第３１届国际军事医学大会表明：艾滋病已经成为军事医学领域的一个重要问题。由于军队是一种特殊的武装集团，有些国家的军队常常被派驻其它国家执行维和行动，军队中ＨＩＶ感染和艾滋病的流行已经引起广泛的关注。许多国家的军队共同组织了军民共同对付ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ同盟，一些国家的军队正在联合起来对付艾滋病，联合国ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ计划署也专门成立了负责军队事务的组织。我国、我军目前属于低危地区和群体，但是随着国际交往日益频繁，我们应该保持高度警惕。     

加强军事医学学科建设带动医院全面发展

作者介绍了该院立足卫勤保障任务，立足卫勤地理特点，立足军事斗争卫勤准备的要求，把握军事医学发展趋势，面向战场，适应市场。通过确立军事医学地位，提高对军事医学的认识；选准军事医学发展方向，大力加强军事医学专科建设，提高学科的建设水平；发挥军事医学的作用，提高医院的卫勤保障能力的基本做法，为探索新形势下医院发展建设的新思路提供了参考。     

The Development and Evolution of U.S. Army Field Rations

Armed conflicts create large masses of personnel that need to be fed nutritious foods in less than favorable conditions. The United States military, private industry, and academia continue to work together to develop rations that meet the needs of military personnel who find themselves in varying climates, conditions, and geography.     

某部常驻地区医学地理学与传染病防治调查研究

目的了解某部活动范围内医学地理学与传染病防治情况,为制定有效的、符合该部队特点的传染病防治措施提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法,对某部10个分队常驻地区地理流行病学资料进行总结。结果部分单位经常活动于鼠疫疫源地、流行性出血热疫源地或血吸虫病疫源地,疾病监控的重点是烈性传染病和自然疫源性疾病;法定上报传染病以常见传染病为主,其中前3位为细菌性痢疾、病毒性肝炎、肺结核;未出现过鼠疫、流行性出血热、血吸虫病等重点监测疾病的暴发和流行。结论该部队根据常进入地区的医学地理学特点,采取综合防治措施,确保试验人员的健康并保证了特殊任务的顺利完成。     

金融危机对军队医院的影响和对策

随着金融危机全球化范围的扩散,军队医院的发展已经逐步受到其影响。本文从分析金融危机下军队医院面临的机遇和挑战入手,提出军队医院应对危机的对策。     

Locating a geography of nursing: space, place and the progress of geographical thought

Although traditionally, nursing research has paid little attention to geographical approaches, recent years have witnessed some initial research interest in the dynamic between nursing, space and place. Such research potentially represents the foundations of what may be termed a ‘geography of nursing’. Although, to date, some novel and valuable perspectives have been gained into the spatial features of nursing, no consideration has been given to the theoretical development of, and basis for, a geography of nursing. Furthermore, no consideration has been given to philosophical heritage; the treatment of space and place in human geography and the insights that this may provide for the new field of research. In this context, this paper provides an historical review of geographical research and traces the evolution of how space and place have been conceptualized and operationalized by it. The paper outlines the emergence of a health geography subdiscipline and its own changing and diverse perspectives. In the final section, the central themes of the current geography of nursing are considered and, reflecting back on the theoretical concerns of contemporary human geography, the paper outlines some philosophies and theories on which future geography of nursing could be based. From a disciplinary perspective, one potential role of the geography of nursing is argued to be the maintenance of the relationship between health geography and mainstream health service and medical concerns, but in a place‐sensitive, patient‐sensitive and qualitative form.     

全民医保格局下军队医院面临机遇挑战和对策

本文从分析全民医保给军队医院带来的机遇和挑战入手,提出军队医院要从转变经营理念、健全组织机构、提高医疗质量、强化成本核算上下功夫,尽快适应全民医保格局的到来。     

军队医院临床医学科研中动物实验作用及实现方式分析

立足于新时期军队医院卫勤保障及医疗工作特点,围绕军事医学研究、突发事件医学救援研究、临床特殊及重大疾病研究三个方面,对临床医学科研中动物实验作用及实现方式进行了分析,为军队医院提高临床医学科研管理层次及水平提供借鉴经验。     

Themes in British health geography at the end of the century: a review of published research 1998-2000

This paper provides a succinct overview of some recent trends in geography of health in Britain since 1998. We consider how the research we have reviewed illuminates the relationships between geographies of health and three fundamental processes which are widely recognized as being important for contemporary human geography as a whole: globalization, urbanization and polarization. We also consider the contribution of health geography to agendas in cultural geography agenda which we refer to here as 'geographies of imagination'. These perspectives all relate to dynamic and diverse processes operating in Britain and throughout the world. We explore how health geography is responding to change, and what the agenda for future research will be. By considering these themes, we also seek to show how the geography of health is contributing to a wider discourse, shared to some extent in human geography as a whole, and we discuss the themes which are likely to feature in the future health geography research agenda.     

HIV epidemic among young Thai Men, 1991-2000

Characterization of the HIV epidemic in Thailand has benefited from the systematic testing of young men upon entry into the military. These data, which have shown that public health measures can reverse an HIV epidemic, have been reanalyzed with current geographic information systems methods. The resulting maps are, thus far, the best means of visualizing the geography of the dynamic HIV epidemic in Thailand.     

Risk Factors Associated with Miscarriage and Impaired Fecundity among United States Servicewomen during the Recent Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan

BackgroundResearch on the reproductive health of U.S. servicewomen deployed in support of the recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is sparse. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether military experiences, including combat deployment, deployment length, and life stressors during the recent conflicts, were associated with increased odds for miscarriage or impaired fecundity among U.S. servicewomen.MethodsWe used data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large longitudinal military study that began in 2001 and includes military personnel from all service branches, including active duty and Reserve/National Guard personnel. Participants for this study included women aged 18 to 45 years who had completed two questionnaires (2004–2006 and 2007–2008). Separate multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds of reporting miscarriage and impaired fecundity by military experiences that adjusted for covariates. Subanalyses were conducted using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes found in the Military Health System Data Repository for both outcomes among servicewomen on active duty.ResultsOverall, 31% and 11% of military servicewomen reported miscarriage and impaired fecundity, respectively, during the approximate 3-year follow-up period. After adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and military characteristics, deployment experiences and life stressors were not associated with miscarriage or perceived impaired fecundity. Subanalyses using medical record data confirmed these results.ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that military deployments do not increase risk for miscarriage and impaired fecundity among U.S. servicewomen. However, because the point estimates for many of the exposures were elevated, more research is needed to better understand the potential risks associated with environmental exposures and specific types of combat exposures.