23G与20G玻璃体切割治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体出血对比研究

目的 对比23G与20G玻璃体切割技术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变引起的玻璃体出血临床疗效.方法 临床病例对照研究.收集2010年3月至2012年9月在宣武医院眼科诊治的增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变,所致玻璃体出血需行玻璃体切割手术治疗患者,分为23G玻璃体切割组及20G玻璃体切割组,记录患者术前个人资料包括年龄、性别、糖尿病患病时间、玻璃体出血至手术时间、术前糖化血红蛋白以及眼科检查结果视力、眼压、散瞳眼底情况,并行眼B超检查.两组患者分别行23G及20G玻璃体切割,记录每例患者的手术时间及眼内玻璃体切割操作时间,术后患者1周、1、2、3月复查分别记录视力、眼压、眼底检查、黄斑OCT结果,并进行统计分析.结果 23G玻璃体切割组完成31例,男21例,女10例,平均年龄(65.2±23.7)岁,20G玻璃体切割组26例,男12例,女14例,平均年龄(63.6±18.4)岁,两组对比的手术时间:23G组(74.39±15.61) min,20G组(93.96±18.74) min差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),眼内玻璃体手术操作时间:23G组(62.35±13.95) min,20G组(59.35±16.07) min,差异有统计学意义(P＞0.05).眼压:术后1d、1周、1、3月复查眼压,23G组分别为(10.46±2.11)、(11.74±2.52)、(14.26±3.11)、(14.85±3.73) mmHg; 20G组(15.20±3.33)、(14.49±3.36)、(14.76±3.50)、(15.62±4.02) mmHg,术后1d、1周眼压两组对比差异有统计学意义.术后黄斑OCT结果:术后1周、1、3个月复查OCT结果,23G组(356.93±88.82)、(313.77±92.21)、(273.74±66.09) μm,20G组(336.50±116.1)、(301.43±100.65)、(283.69±84.39) μm,两组各复查时间点差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).视力结果:术后3个月两组最佳矫正视力(BCVA),23G组BCVA＜0.05者2只眼;0.05～0.09者5只眼;0.1～0.2者17只眼;≥0.3者只7眼;20G组BCVA＜0.05者2只眼;0.05～0.09者4只眼;0.1～0.2者14只眼;≥0.3者6只眼,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).23G组手术后出现多量的眼内出血3只眼,1只眼需再次冲洗手术,1只眼术后第1天眼压4 mmHg术后5天发现术眼脉络膜脱离,经激素抗炎治疗逐步吸收.20G组手术后出现多量的眼内出血4只眼,2只眼需再次冲洗手术.结论 23G玻璃体切割手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变所致玻璃体出血与20G玻璃体切割手术相比同样有效,完成手术所耗时间更短,但存在术后短期低眼压情况.     

Trimanual vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose

To describe and evaluate a novel technique of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) under chandelier illumination which is aided with the vital dyes and perfluorocarbon liquids for the management of the complex diabetic vitrectomy cases.

Methods

We conducted a prospective interventional comparative study on 40 eyes of 36 patients with advanced diabetic eye disease requiring PPV. The study was conducted in a single tertiary referral center. Eyes were divided on 1:1 basis by stratified randomization into two groups. Group 1 had trimanual vitrectomy done assisted with chandelier illumination, perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and vital dyes. Group 2 had the conventional bimanual vitrectomy done assisted with chandelier illumination only. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months after the surgery.

Results

Forty eyes of 36 patients with the mean age of 51.42 years (range 28–69) were evaluated. The anatomical success at 6 months could be achieved in all the eyes in both groups. The complete removal of the pre-retinal proliferations could be accomplished in all the eyes in the trimanual PPV group, and only in 85% of the eyes in the bimanual PPV group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the trimanual PPV group (p?<?0.001). More eyes in the trimanual PPV group (55.0%) could achieve better vision (>?6/60) 6 months after the operation compared to the bimanual PPV group (50.0%), but this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Trimanual PPV is a novel, safe and effective technique that can improve the results of the complex diabetic PPV.

     

睫状体平坦部四切口玻璃体手术治疗严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的探讨睫状体平坦部四切口玻璃体手术治疗有广泛纤维血管膜增生的糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的临床效果。方法为病例对照试验。回顾性选择27例（28只眼）有广泛纤维血管膜增生的PDR Ⅵ期患者作为试验组,采用睫状体平坦部四切口玻璃体手术,双手进行眼内操作,如膜分离与切除,视网膜复位,眼内光凝硅油充填。选择同期有广泛纤维血管膜增生的PDR Ⅵ期患者30例（30只眼）作为对照组,由同一术者完成睫状体平坦部三切口玻璃体手术。结果试验组28只眼均顺利完成膜分离与切除,1只眼出现2个医源性视网膜裂孔。随访7～54个月,术后视网膜均复位,多数患者视力有不同程度提高。对照组2只眼有部分膜残留,3只眼出现4个医源性视网膜裂孔,随访12个月视网膜均复位,3只眼发生新生血管性青光眼。结论四切口玻璃体手术采用双手操作眼内剥膜,可明显提高手术效率,减少组织损伤,是治疗有广泛纤维血管膜增生的严重PDR的较好方法。（中华眼科杂志,2008,44：17—19）     

23G微创玻璃体切割术在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变治疗中的应用

目的 观察23 G玻璃体切割术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效以及并发症情况.方法 收集北京同仁医院2010年1月至2012年1月期间行23 G微创玻璃体切割术治疗的58例(68眼)糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅴ-Ⅵ期患者的病例资料,记录术中情况,根据术毕巩膜切口有无缝合分为巩膜切口缝合组和未缝合组两组,记录并比较两组术前及术后1d、7d、1个月眼压变化情况;观察所有患者术前和术后1个月最佳矫正视力变化,并行裂隙灯和间接眼底镜检查观察术后并发症情况.结果 巩膜切口缝合组和未缝合组间术后1d、7d、1个月眼压差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05);两组内术后1d、7d、1个月眼压均与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P ＞0.05);术后平均随访12个月,术后68眼(100％)视网膜均复住,术后1个月最佳矫正视力较术前提高33眼(48.5％),视力不变12眼(17.6％),视力下降23眼(33.8％),手术前后的视力比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);手术时间:糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅴ期(38.25±6.01) min,糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅵ期(79.15±8.34) min,术毕巩膜切口缝合51眼(75％),术后眼部刺激症状轻微,术后并发症少见.结论 23 G玻璃体切割术具有微创、手术时间短等优点,将其应用于治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者是安全有效的.     

Preoperative prognostic factors in vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PurposeTo investigate the preoperative prognostic factors contributing to extremely poor visual outcome in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after a successful vitrectomy and an uneventful postoperative course.MethodsWe enrolled 28 consecutive eyes of 28 patients with poor preoperative visual acuity (VA), who underwent primary diabetic vitrectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and retinal attachment was achieved for at least 6 months in all cases. The cases were separated into the study group (postoperative VA < preoperative VA) and control group (postoperative VA ≥ preoperative VA). Preoperative factors including systemic diseases, demographic data, proliferative diabetic retinopathy severity, and neovascularization status were compared between the two groups. Significant risk factors for poor visual results were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe creatinine level was significantly higher in the study group (4.07 ± 4.15 mg/dL) than in the control group (1.23 ± 0.46 mg/dL; p = 0.003). Chronic macular detachment was noted in 7/10 eyes (70%) in the study group and in 1/18 eyes (5.6%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Broad fibrovascular proliferation extending to the periphery for more than two quadrants was found in 4/10 eyes (40%) in the study group and in none of the eyes in the control group (p = 0.016). Chronic macular detachment and broad fibrovascular proliferation were significantly associated with poor visual outcome in multiple logistic regression analysis.ConclusionPreoperative chronic macular detachment, broad fibrovascular proliferation, and poor renal function may indicate worse visual results after successful diabetic vitrectomy for cases with severe diabetic retinopathy.     

Use of perfluorocarbon liquid during vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To evaluate the value of using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) during vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: The surgical records of eyes with PDR (291 eyes of 228 patients) that underwent vitrectomy in the vitreoretinal service of Osaka Medical College (April 1999 to October 2001) were reviewed. From these, 18 eyes of 15 patients had PFCL used during vitrectomy, and the preoperative and postoperative findings of these eyes were analysed. RESULTS: All of the 18 eyes had advanced PDR with tractional and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PFCL enabled easier flattening of the retinal folds and effective endophotocoagulation. In two cases, PFCL was used to flatten a bullous retinal detachment that developed when a tight vitreoretinal adhesion was loosened. In two other cases with combined traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, PFCL was used to tamponade the detached retina which then allowed successful membrane dissection. Anatomical success was obtained in 16 of the 18 cases (mean follow up time 13.3 months) with visual acuity of 20/200 or better in nine eyes (50%). CONCLUSIONS: PFCL is considered to be a useful adjunct during vitrectomy for the treatment of severe PDR.     

Comparison of postoperative intraocular pressure changes between 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy

Purpose

To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) after 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) and conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy for various vitreoretinal diseases.

Methods

This was a retrospective interventional case series including 338 cases of 23-gauge TSV and 476 cases of 20-gauge vitrectomy with minimum follow-up period of 1 month. Postoperative 1 day, 1 week and 1 month IOPs were compared. Multiple regression analysis to assess the actual effect of gauge of vitrectomy on postoperative IOP was performed including intraoperative and postoperative factors influencing postoperative IOP as covariates.

Results

The mean IOP of 20-gauge vitrectomy was significantly higher than that of 23-gauge TSV (20.6±8.02 mm Hg vs12.8±4.48 mm Hg, P<0.001) at postoperative day 1, but the differences were not significant at postoperative 1 week and 1 month. The IOP pattern of 23-gauge TSV demonstrated more stable course than that of 20-gauge vitrectomy. At 1 day post vitrectomy, the incidence of hypertony was higher in 20-gauge, whereas that of hypotony was higher in 23-gauge. Among risk factors, the 20-gauge vitrectomy showed the strongest association with postoperative 1 day IOP rise.

Conclusion

Twenty-three-gauge TSV has stable and lower IOP in the early postoperative period than the 20-gauge vitrectomy. In patients whose retina and optic nerves are vulnerable to higher or fluctuating IOP, 23-gauge TSV may be more beneficial.     

Results of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

The authors treated 1007 eyes with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: vitreous hemorrhage, 353 eyes (35%); traction retinal detachment, 360 eyes (36%); combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 172 eyes (17%); and other progressive fibrovascular proliferation 122 eyes (12%). During the study period, the frequency of vitreous hemorrhage as an indication for surgery decreased from 42 to 25%, and other progressive fibrovascular proliferation increased from 5 to 22%. The frequency of traction and traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachments did not change. The results of surgery varied according to the indication. Seventy-nine percent of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Similar results were obtained in 64% of eyes with traction detachment, 56% of eyes with rhegmatogenous detachment, and 81% of eyes with progressive fibrovascular proliferation. The percentage of eyes achieving final vision of 20/100 or better are as follows: vitreous hemorrhage, 48%; traction detachment, 27%; rhegmatogenous detachment, 24%; and progressive fibrovascular proliferation, 46%. The success rate improved in each anatomic category during the last 3 years of the study.     

23 G玻璃体手术系统治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的回顾分析

目的 探讨23 G玻璃体手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的特点。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2010年1月至2011年6月北京同仁医院眼底病科连续收治的100例（105眼）接受玻璃体手术治疗的PDR患者。方法  回顾上述患者的病历资料。对手术方式、手术时间、术后视力以及术后炎性反应和并发症等情况进行分析。主要指标  手术方式、手术时间、器械进出眼内次数、术后视力以及术后炎性反应和并发症。结果  105眼接受23 G玻璃体手术。其中术前单纯玻璃体积血者32眼,平均手术时间（52.0±15.2）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（8.5±2.5）次;需剥离视网膜前增生膜而无明显牵拉性视网膜脱离者23眼,平均手术时间（65.0±12.7）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（12.4±3.4）次;伴有明显视网膜脱离者50眼,平均手术时间（87.0±17.1）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（15.7±4.1）次。硅油填充30眼。所有患者无术中锯齿缘离断,术中使用眼内电凝16眼（15.2%）,无使用眼内剪刀者。术后1~3个月视力均有不同程度改善。结论  23 G玻璃体手术适用于从简单到复杂的各种PDR的治疗,熟练掌握23G玻璃体手术能提高手术效率、减少并发症、改善患者愈后。（眼科,2012,21：97-101）     

23G和20G玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的有效性和安全性比较

目的 对比观察23G、20G玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的有效性和安全性.方法 接受玻璃体切割手术治疗的DR患者33例38只眼纳入研究.按其所接受的手术方式分为23G微 创玻璃体切割手术组(23G组)和20G玻璃体切割手术组(20G组),分别为18例20只眼和15例18只眼. 手术后随访6～12个月,对比分析两组患眼的玻璃体手术时间,手术中发生的医源性裂孔数目,手术中出血需电凝的次数,手术中需更换显微器械的情况,手术后连续1～3 d的眼压,手术后并发症的情况,手术成功率和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)等指标.结果 23G组手术时间为35～110 min,平均手术时间为(63.5±21.7) min;20G组手术时间为40～150 min,平均手术时间为(83.9±27.5) min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.55,P=0.02).23G组和20G组手术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔数平均分别为6、14个.23G组和20G组手术中视网膜或增生膜表面出血影响继续操作需电凝止血的次数平均分别为71、102次.23G组和20G组手术中进行反复显微器械更换操作的患眼分别为3、12只眼,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2 =10.58,P=0.001).23G组和20G组手术后第1、2、3天的平均眼压分别为(10.2±2.0)、(13.4±2.5)、(14.9±2.3) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和(16.5±2.9)、(19.3±2.4)、(20.1±2.9) mm Hg,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=7.71,7.41,6.18;P＜0.01).23G组手术后出现多量的眼内出血1只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离硅油填充眼出现新生血管性青光眼(NVG)1只眼,再次发生视网膜脱离未再次接受手术1只眼.20G组手术后出现多量的眼内出血2只眼,其中1只眼为玻璃体积血未予眼内填充的患眼,1只眼为牵引性视网膜脱离硅油填充眼,手术后2只眼硅油填充眼出现NVG,1只眼再次发生视网膜脱离未再次接受手术,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.49,0.49,0.01;P＞0.05).23G组和20G组最终手术分别成功19、17只眼,成功率为95.0％、94.4％,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.01,P=0.94).两组患眼均未发生眼内炎、明显脉络膜脱离等并发症.23G组BCVA＜0.05者1只眼;0.05～0.09者5只眼;0.1～0.2者10只眼;≥0.3者4只眼;20G组BCVA＜ 0.05者1只眼;0.05～0.09者9只眼;0.1～0.2者6只眼;≥0.3者2只眼,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.70,P＞0.05).结论 23G微创玻璃体手术较20G手术减少了器械更换,缩短了手术时间,并减少了手术中出血、医源性裂孔等并发症发生.     

Timing of vitrectomy for active proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Eyes with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy with dense sub-hyaloid hemorrhage and significant visual loss represent an appropriate indication for prompt vitrectomy. Twenty-six such eyes in 22 patients were operated. The results are compared to 49 diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy for other complications of diabetic retinopathy. The results demonstrated both an improved anatomic success rate (85% compared to 73%) and a higher rate of reading visual function (54% compared to 18%) in the early vitrectomy group, substantiating the study hypothesis.     

Ahmed valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma after 23-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To report on the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation for the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: Twelve medically uncontrolled NVG with earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR underwent AGV implantation. The control of intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, the development of intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated during the follow-up.RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 15.4±4.3 months (9-23 months). Mean preoperative IOP was 49.4±5.1mmHg and mean postoperative IOP at the last visit was 17.5±1.6mmHg. The control of IOP was achieved at the final follow-up visits in all patients, however, 8 of 12 patients still needed anti-glaucoma medication (mean number of medications, 0.8±0.7). The visual acuity improved in nine eyes, and the visual acuity unchanged in three eyes at the final follow-up visits. The complications that occurred were minor hyphema in three eyes, choroid detachment in two eyes, and the minor hyphema and choroid detachments were reabsorbed without any surgical intervention.CONCLUSION: AGV implantation is a safe and effective procedure that enables successful IOP control and vision preservation in the NVG patients with the history of earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR.     

23-G微创玻璃体切割联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术治疗增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障

目的 观察23-G微创玻璃体切割联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术治疗增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）合并白内障的效果,并与20-G玻璃体切割术效果进行比较.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.PDR合并白内障患者91例（91眼）,A组41例,接受了23-G微创玻璃体切割联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植人术;B组50例,接受20-G玻璃体切割联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术,术后1 d、1周、2周、1个月、3个月观察视力及并发症情况.数据采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验和卡方检验进行分析.结果 平均随访17个月.A组logMAR视力从1.569±0.342提高到0.821±0.421,差异有统计学意义（t=8.99,P＜0.01）;B组logMAR视力从1.658±0.312提高到0.834±0.399,差异有统计学意义（t=11.47,P＜0.01）.术后并发症：A组中33眼（80%）术后无明显不适及水肿,B组中所有眼（100%）均有明显充血、水肿、异物感及眼部不适.另外,A组和B组分别发现3眼（7%）和1眼（2%）发生短暂性低眼压,两组差异无统计学意义;4眼（10%）和14眼（28%）发生前房纤维蛋白渗出,两组差异有统计学意义（x2=4.75,P＜0.05）.结论 23-G微创玻璃体切割联合超声乳化向内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术治疗PDR合并白内障安全有效,同20-G微创玻璃体切割手术比较,其术后恢复较快且不适感较少.     

玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体ranibizumab辅助微创玻璃体视网膜手术治疗严重增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

目的 观察玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体ranibizumab（IVR）辅助微创玻璃体视网膜手术（VRS）治疗严重增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的临床效果。方法 回顾性非随机临床对照研究。临床确诊为严重PDR的60例患者70只眼纳入研究。依据手术前是否行IVR治疗将患者分为IVR组和对照组。IVR组31例35只眼,对照组29例35只眼。IVR组于手术前3～4 d玻璃体腔注射10 mg/ml的ranibizumab 0.05 ml（含ranibizumab 0.5 mg）,然后行23G微创VRS。对照组直接行23G微创VRS。手术后随访3~12个月,平均随访时间（4.5±1.8）个月。对比分析两组患者最小分辨角对数（logMAR）最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、眼压、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CRT）和视网膜复位及手术后并发症的发生情况。结果 IVR组患者均未发生与注射及药物相关的局部及全身不良反应。手术后1周,1、3个月,IVR组玻璃体积血（VH）发生率分别为8.6%、0.0%、0.0%,对照组VH发生率分别为28.6%、17.1%、8.6%。两组手术后各时间点VH发生率比较,手术后1周及1个月之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.63、4.56,P＜0.05）,手术后3个月之间差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.24,P＞0.05）。IVR组、对照组手术后平均logMAR BCVA分别为0.81±0.40、1.05±0.42,均较手术前提高。IVR组、对照组手术前后平均logMAR BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义（t=12.78、4.39,P＜0.05）。IVR组手术后平均logMAR BCVA较对照组提高,两组手术后平均logMAR BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.36,P＜0.05）。IVR组、对照组手术后平均CRT分别为（297.6±79.8）、（347.6±85.0） μm,两组平均CRT比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.53,P＜0.05）。IVR组、对照组手术后视网膜复位率分别为97.1%、94.3%,两组视网膜复位率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.35,P＞0.05）。IVR组、对照组一过性高眼压发生率分别为14.3%、34.3%,两组间一过性高眼压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.79,P＜0.05）。IVR组、对照组视网膜前膜、新生血管性青光眼等并发症发生情况比较,差异也无统计学意义（χ²=0.97、0.51,P＞0.05）。结论 IVR辅助23G微创VRS治疗严重PDR能提高患者视力,降低手术后VH发生率,减小CRT。     

Pathologic study following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

This article details the pathologic findings in eyes removed postmortem from a diabetic man with proliferative retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. Several years before death, to control hemorrhage from extraretinal vasoproliferative lesions, one eye only was treated with argon laser panretinal photocoagulation. Eight months before death the treated eye also was operated for tractional retinal detachment with current vitrectomy methods: membranotomy, partial peeling, and segmentation of preretinal membranes. Despite their atropic clinical appearance, the extraretinal lesions on pathologic study were "active." In the operated and nonoperated eyes the vascular and nonvascular proliferative lesions were of equal severity. The sclerotomy wounds were complicated by intraocular granulation tissue, focal granulomatous inflammation related to suture fragments, and intraocular hemorrhage.