《中国实用乡村医生杂志》2004年刊授培训结业考试答案

一、选择题 　　1.E 2.E 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.C9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.E 15.D 16.D17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.D22.D 23.C 24.A25.D 26.D 27.A 28.B29.C 30. 31.C 32.D33.D 34.E 35.D 　　……     

头孢菌素联合青霉素治疗感染性肺炎新生儿的有效性与安全性

目的探讨头孢菌素联合青霉素对感染性肺炎新生儿血清炎性因子及肠道微生态环境的影响。方法选取2014年9月-2015年8月收治的90例感染性肺炎新生儿为研究对象,根据入院时间按照病历号随机分为头孢菌素组、青霉素组、头孢菌素联合青霉素组(联合组)各30例,分别给予头孢菌素、青霉素、头孢菌素联合青霉素治疗,治疗时间均为1周,比较3组感染性肺炎新生儿临床症状改善时间、血清炎性因子、肠道微生态环境、临床疗效等指标,同时选择35例正常未使用抗生素治疗的新生儿作为对照组。结果 3组治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(84. 85%vs. 78. 79%vs. 81. 82%)(χ2=0. 987,P0. 05);联合组感染性新生儿发热、气促、喘憋、肺部啰音及哮鸣音等消失时间均明显短于头孢菌素组、青霉素组(4. 12±0. 56 vs.4. 45±0. 65 vs. 4. 47±0. 70,4. 08±0. 52 vs. 4. 58±0. 56 vs. 4. 59±0. 60,3. 85±0. 45 vs. 4. 32±0. 58 vs. 4. 35±0. 62,3. 78±0. 52 vs.4. 26±0. 62 vs. 4. 28±0. 70) d,(t=2. 029、3. 759、3. 678、3. 408、2. 243、3. 690、3. 749、3. 294,P0. 05);血清TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平均明显低于头孢菌素组、青霉素组[(7. 31±1. 42 vs. 8. 11±1. 46 vs. 8. 24±1. 51) pmol/L,(116. 58±17. 37 vs. 126. 47±20. 13 vs. 129. 30±20. 48) pg/ml,(50. 25±7. 14 vs. 58. 67±7. 50 vs. 61. 28±8. 63) ng/L](t=2. 256、2. 137、4. 671、2. 577、2. 721、5. 657,P0. 05);乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌数量明显低于头孢菌素组、青霉素组,肠杆菌数量明显高于头孢菌素组、青霉素组(8. 86±0. 18 vs. 9. 00±0. 31 vs. 9. 05±0. 27,9. 39±0. 42 vs. 9. 63±0. 38 vs. 9. 72±0. 56,8. 18±0. 42 vs. 8. 56±0. 43 vs.8. 77±0. 56,9. 69±0. 57 vs. 9. 33±0. 52 vs. 9. 24±0. 61) log10n/g,(t=2. 244、2. 434、3. 632、3. 096、3. 364、2. 708、4. 842、2. 680,P0. 05)。结论青霉素、头孢菌素均是治疗新生儿感染性肺炎的有效药物,联合用药能迅速缓解感染性肺炎新生儿炎症状态,改善临床症状,但对患儿肠道正常微生态环境的影响也随之加大。     

新疆不同民族食管癌血浆代谢组学差异分析

Objective To investigate the metabonomic variation between patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and healthy controls, and to analyze the variation between patients with EC. Methods 1H-MR and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed on 108 plasma specimens from EC patients and 50 health controls, and the metabonomic variation between patients with EC and healthy controls analyzed. Results OPLS-DA analysis might correctly separate all plasma specimens from health controls and patients with EC ,leucine(0. 0043±0. 0006,0. 0040±0. 0006) ,alanine(0. 0039±0. 0007,0. 0033±0. 0006), isoleucine (0. 0067±0. 0010,0. 0063±0. 0009), valine (0. 0037±0. 0005,0. 0035±0. 0006) ,glycopretein(0. 0123±0. 0043,0. 0102±0. 0022), lactate(0. 0342±0. 0113,0. 0258±0. 0085), acetone (0. 0027±0. 0023,0. 0017±0. 0008), acetate (0. 0007±0. 0001,0. 0006±0. 0001),choline(0.0035±0.0006, 0.0029±0.0007), isobutyrate (0.0020±0.0004, 0.0018±0.0003),unsaturated lipid (0. 0072±0. 0013,0. 0059 + 0. 0018), VLDL (0. 1209±0. 0589,0. 0879±0. 0269), LDL (0. 0885±0. 0328,0. 0785±0. 0288), 1-methylhistidine(O. 0005±0. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0005)decreased in EC patient' s plasma with statistical significance (r total>0. 27, P<0. 05), dimethylamine (0. 0004±0. 0001,0. 0005±0. 0001), α-glucose (0. 0079±0. 0013,0. 0081±0. 0016), β-glucose (0. O139±0. 0024,0. 0142±0. 0029) ,citric acid (0. 0044±0. 0008,0. 0106±0. 0058) increase in the EC patient's plasma (r total<-0. 27 ,P<0. 05). There were clear variation between Han and Kazak patients,alanine(0. 0031±0. 0005,0. 0029±0. 0004), glutamine (0. 0010±0. 0001,0. 0009±0. 0001), tyrosine (0. 0009±0. 0001,0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±O. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0001) increased in the Han patients (r>0. 35, P>0. 05), carnitine (0. 0028±0. 0006) was higher in Kazak patients than in Han patients (0. 0025±0. 0004), which had statistical siginificance (r=-0. 40, P<0. 05). Unsaturated lipid (0. 0059±0. 0018,0. 0047±0. 0011), isoleucine (0. 0062±0. 0011,0.13058±0. 0007), alanine (0.0032±0. 0007, 0. 0028±0. 0004) ,glycoprotein (0. 0096±0. 0019,0. 0086±0. 0011) ,glutamine (0. 0011±0. 0001,0. 01309±0. 0001) ,tyrosine(0. 0009±0. 0001, 0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±0. 0001, 0. 0004±0. 0001)were increased in Uygnr patients as compared with Kazak patients, having statistical significance (r>0. 33 ,P<0. 05), carnifine (0. 0027±0. 0005) was higher in Kazak patients than in Uygur patients (0.0025±0.0004)(r=-0.36,P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that1H-MR spectra of plasma analyzed by OPLS-DA statistical methods might completely separate the EC patients from health controls. The metabonomic approach should be helpful in screening of EC patients.     

新疆不同民族食管癌血浆代谢组学差异分析

Objective To investigate the metabonomic variation between patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and healthy controls, and to analyze the variation between patients with EC. Methods 1H-MR and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed on 108 plasma specimens from EC patients and 50 health controls, and the metabonomic variation between patients with EC and healthy controls analyzed. Results OPLS-DA analysis might correctly separate all plasma specimens from health controls and patients with EC ,leucine(0. 0043±0. 0006,0. 0040±0. 0006) ,alanine(0. 0039±0. 0007,0. 0033±0. 0006), isoleucine (0. 0067±0. 0010,0. 0063±0. 0009), valine (0. 0037±0. 0005,0. 0035±0. 0006) ,glycopretein(0. 0123±0. 0043,0. 0102±0. 0022), lactate(0. 0342±0. 0113,0. 0258±0. 0085), acetone (0. 0027±0. 0023,0. 0017±0. 0008), acetate (0. 0007±0. 0001,0. 0006±0. 0001),choline(0.0035±0.0006, 0.0029±0.0007), isobutyrate (0.0020±0.0004, 0.0018±0.0003),unsaturated lipid (0. 0072±0. 0013,0. 0059 + 0. 0018), VLDL (0. 1209±0. 0589,0. 0879±0. 0269), LDL (0. 0885±0. 0328,0. 0785±0. 0288), 1-methylhistidine(O. 0005±0. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0005)decreased in EC patient' s plasma with statistical significance (r total>0. 27, P<0. 05), dimethylamine (0. 0004±0. 0001,0. 0005±0. 0001), α-glucose (0. 0079±0. 0013,0. 0081±0. 0016), β-glucose (0. O139±0. 0024,0. 0142±0. 0029) ,citric acid (0. 0044±0. 0008,0. 0106±0. 0058) increase in the EC patient's plasma (r total<-0. 27 ,P<0. 05). There were clear variation between Han and Kazak patients,alanine(0. 0031±0. 0005,0. 0029±0. 0004), glutamine (0. 0010±0. 0001,0. 0009±0. 0001), tyrosine (0. 0009±0. 0001,0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±O. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0001) increased in the Han patients (r>0. 35, P>0. 05), carnitine (0. 0028±0. 0006) was higher in Kazak patients than in Han patients (0. 0025±0. 0004), which had statistical siginificance (r=-0. 40, P<0. 05). Unsaturated lipid (0. 0059±0. 0018,0. 0047±0. 0011), isoleucine (0. 0062±0. 0011,0.13058±0. 0007), alanine (0.0032±0. 0007, 0. 0028±0. 0004) ,glycoprotein (0. 0096±0. 0019,0. 0086±0. 0011) ,glutamine (0. 0011±0. 0001,0. 01309±0. 0001) ,tyrosine(0. 0009±0. 0001, 0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±0. 0001, 0. 0004±0. 0001)were increased in Uygnr patients as compared with Kazak patients, having statistical significance (r>0. 33 ,P<0. 05), carnifine (0. 0027±0. 0005) was higher in Kazak patients than in Uygur patients (0.0025±0.0004)(r=-0.36,P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that1H-MR spectra of plasma analyzed by OPLS-DA statistical methods might completely separate the EC patients from health controls. The metabonomic approach should be helpful in screening of EC patients.     

本刊刊授继续教育试题(5)

选择题 (在五个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案 )1.可用作抗菌剂的物品有Ａ .铝　Ｂ .铅　Ｃ .铜　Ｄ .铁　Ｅ .钠2 .医学上最常用的抗菌剂有Ａ .季胺盐类　Ｂ .双胍类　Ｃ .醇类　Ｄ .酚类　Ｅ .以上均是3.常用作抗菌塑料抗菌剂的是Ａ .虾壳　Ｂ .蟹壳　Ｃ .乙醇　Ｄ .洗必泰　Ｅ     

临床执业助理医师资格考试测试题(三十一)

第五单元输血A1题型1.健康成人一次失血量不超过多少毫升可通过人体的代偿使之逐渐恢复而不用输血A.300mL B.500mL C.800mL D.1000mL E.1500mL2.以下哪项不是输血的禁忌证A.充血性心力衰竭B.急性肺水肿C.恶性高血压D.严重感染E.肾功能衰竭3.下列哪种成分最适合需要多次输血而有发热的贫血病人A.浓缩红细胞B.全血C.冷冻红细胞D.少浆血E.洗涤红细胞4.大量输注库存血后引起的并发症不包括A.溶血反应B.高血钾症C.氨中毒D.肺梗死E.心律紊乱5.下列哪项不是输血后发热反应的原因A.配制的血液保存液不纯B.受血者有过敏体质C.采血输血用…     

美容网站系列——介绍美容知识网站

1.LadyNow 中国第一女性门户网站http://www.ladynow.com/beauty/index.html2.伊氏女人http://www.yesee.com/beauty3.美容纵横http://www.clue.com.cn4.中华美容、时尚女性     

临床执业助理医师考试测试题(二十一)第七单元风湿性疾病

1.系统性红斑狼疮患者双链DNA抗体升高与哪一脏器的受累密切相关A.心B.肾C.脑D.肺E.血液2.系统性红斑狼疮的病因可能与下列几项有关,除了哪一项外A.遗传B.性激素C.紫外线、食物等D.感染E.输血3.非甾体消炎止痛药的作用机制是A.抑制滑膜炎B.增强NK细胞活性C.抑制B细胞D.抑制T细胞E.抑制前列腺素合成4.类风湿关节炎的临床特征有下列几项,除了哪一项不是:A.近端指间关节肿痛B.远端指间关节肿痛C.掌指关节肿痛D.腕关节肿痛E.四肢关节对称性肿痛5.下列为类风湿关节炎的关节外表现,除了哪一项不是A.皮下类风湿结节B.(类风湿性关节炎—…     

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试回一一、填空题：1.3，352.自然因素、社会因素3.麻疹、小麻糖丸、百白破、卡介苗4.痢疾、伤寒、病毒性肝炎、活动性肺结核、化脓性或渗出性皮肤病5.2万、5万、6.1995，10二、判断题：1.X2.V3.X4.VS.X6.V7.ys.X三、单项选择题：1.CZ.D3.A试回二一、填空题：1.传染源、传播途径、易感人群、2.食品卫生法、传染病防治法3.麻疹、脊但灰质炎、百日。。。…、。。Zx。12（x-Y）’咳、白喉、破伤风、结核病牙.6，125.乙6.了一一一5＊一V二千二千上一2二、判断题：1.XZ.X3.X4.VS.y6.X7.V三、单项选择题：1.BZ.A3.C试回三一、填空题：1…     

新疆不同民族食管癌血浆代谢组学差异分析

Objective To investigate the metabonomic variation between patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and healthy controls, and to analyze the variation between patients with EC. Methods 1H-MR and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed on 108 plasma specimens from EC patients and 50 health controls, and the metabonomic variation between patients with EC and healthy controls analyzed. Results OPLS-DA analysis might correctly separate all plasma specimens from health controls and patients with EC ,leucine(0. 0043±0. 0006,0. 0040±0. 0006) ,alanine(0. 0039±0. 0007,0. 0033±0. 0006), isoleucine (0. 0067±0. 0010,0. 0063±0. 0009), valine (0. 0037±0. 0005,0. 0035±0. 0006) ,glycopretein(0. 0123±0. 0043,0. 0102±0. 0022), lactate(0. 0342±0. 0113,0. 0258±0. 0085), acetone (0. 0027±0. 0023,0. 0017±0. 0008), acetate (0. 0007±0. 0001,0. 0006±0. 0001),choline(0.0035±0.0006, 0.0029±0.0007), isobutyrate (0.0020±0.0004, 0.0018±0.0003),unsaturated lipid (0. 0072±0. 0013,0. 0059 + 0. 0018), VLDL (0. 1209±0. 0589,0. 0879±0. 0269), LDL (0. 0885±0. 0328,0. 0785±0. 0288), 1-methylhistidine(O. 0005±0. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0005)decreased in EC patient' s plasma with statistical significance (r total>0. 27, P<0. 05), dimethylamine (0. 0004±0. 0001,0. 0005±0. 0001), α-glucose (0. 0079±0. 0013,0. 0081±0. 0016), β-glucose (0. O139±0. 0024,0. 0142±0. 0029) ,citric acid (0. 0044±0. 0008,0. 0106±0. 0058) increase in the EC patient's plasma (r total<-0. 27 ,P<0. 05). There were clear variation between Han and Kazak patients,alanine(0. 0031±0. 0005,0. 0029±0. 0004), glutamine (0. 0010±0. 0001,0. 0009±0. 0001), tyrosine (0. 0009±0. 0001,0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±O. 0001,0. 0004±0. 0001) increased in the Han patients (r>0. 35, P>0. 05), carnitine (0. 0028±0. 0006) was higher in Kazak patients than in Han patients (0. 0025±0. 0004), which had statistical siginificance (r=-0. 40, P<0. 05). Unsaturated lipid (0. 0059±0. 0018,0. 0047±0. 0011), isoleucine (0. 0062±0. 0011,0.13058±0. 0007), alanine (0.0032±0. 0007, 0. 0028±0. 0004) ,glycoprotein (0. 0096±0. 0019,0. 0086±0. 0011) ,glutamine (0. 0011±0. 0001,0. 01309±0. 0001) ,tyrosine(0. 0009±0. 0001, 0. 0008±0. 0001), 1-methylhistidine (0. 0005±0. 0001, 0. 0004±0. 0001)were increased in Uygnr patients as compared with Kazak patients, having statistical significance (r>0. 33 ,P<0. 05), carnifine (0. 0027±0. 0005) was higher in Kazak patients than in Uygur patients (0.0025±0.0004)(r=-0.36,P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that1H-MR spectra of plasma analyzed by OPLS-DA statistical methods might completely separate the EC patients from health controls. The metabonomic approach should be helpful in screening of EC patients.