腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病围手术期护理

目的总结对2型糖尿病腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术的围手术期护理要点。方法随机将104例接受腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术的2型糖尿病患者分为2组,各52例。对照组围术期实施常规护理,观察组行围手术期综合护理。比较2组患者对护理质量的评分及手术前后空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体质量指数(BMI)指标。结果术前2组患者的BMI、空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。护理干预后,观察组患者的上述指标均低于对照组,对护理质量的评分优于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对接受腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术的2型糖尿病患者,加强围手术期护理干预,可有效提高护理质量,改善空腹血糖、BMI、糖化血红蛋白指标值。     

Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展

目的了解Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的概况,并总结其治疗2型糖尿病的效果及存在的问题。方法检索有关Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的文献并进行综述。结果Roux-en-Y胃旁路术对肥胖型2型糖尿病的治疗作用初步得到证实,但其治疗2型糖尿病的机制尚不明确,Roux袢及胆胰袢旷置长度没有统一的标准,术后远期效果不明确,其是否适用于非肥胖型2型糖尿病有待进一步研究。结论Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的机制复杂,相信随着基础与临床研究的进展、手术技术的改进、手术机制的阐明、远期效果的肯定,将有更多的2型糖尿病患者受益。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病62例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜Roux—en-Y胃旁路术（LRYGB）在2型糖尿病治疗中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2011年10月间在苏州大学附属第一医院接受LRYGB手术的62例2型糖尿病患者的临床和随访资料。结果62例患者中58例顺利完成LRYGB术．手术时间（144．5±59．0）min,术中出血量（57.8±135．5）ml。术后吻合口出血2例,胃瘫2例,吻合口瘘1例．营养不良1例,均经保守治疗缓解;另有1例吻合口狭窄患者。经球囊扩张后缓解。49例患者获得了术后6个月的随访,其中34例临床完全缓解（完全停药）,9例临床部分缓解（用药量较术前减少）,6例无效。患者术后体质量指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白均较术前有明显改善（均P〈0．05）。与术后仍需服用降糖药者相比,临床完全缓解的病例术前体质量指数更高、病程更短（均P〈0．05）。结论LRYGB用于治疗2型糖尿病安全、可行,短期效果良好．长期效果有待观察。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术与腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（LRYGB）与腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术（LMGB）治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2011年6月问在上海第二军医大学附属长海医院接受腹腔镜胃旁路术治疗的21例T2DM患者的临床资料,其中LRYGB组11例,LMGB组10例。结果LRYGB组T2DM临床完全缓解率为64％（7／11）,临床部分缓解率为36％（4／11）;LMGB组临床完全缓解率为60％（6／10）,临床部分缓解率为40％（4／10）：两组临床疗效的差异无统计学意义P〉0.05）。两组患者体质量指数、腰围、胰岛素抵抗指数及糖化血红蛋白术后均呈下降趋势（P〈0.05）,但两组间差异无统计学意义（p〉0.05）。两组患者手术过程顺利,无中转开腹及死亡病例,LRYcB组手术时间[（147.0±35.9）min]和术后住院时间[（8.9±23）d]均明显长于LMGB组[（110.5±39.7）min,P=0.038：（7.1±1.4）d,P=0.046]。LRYGB组术后出现肠梗阻1例,LMGB组术后出现反流性食管炎和慢性腹泻各1例,两组患者术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论LRYGB和LMGB对T2DM的治疗效果确切且安全,但LMGB相对简单,术后恢复更快。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(Laparoscopic Roux—en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB)对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)及其并发症的长期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院收治的48例T2DM患者的临床资料。术后随访4年,分析术前及术后体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、糖脂代谢指标的变化。同时观察T2DM相关并发症的改善情况。结果48例手术均在腹腔镜下顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,随访期间,无死亡病例及严重手术并发症发生。48例T2DM患者的BMI及WHR在术后3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年、4年均较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时,糖代谢相关指标空腹血糖(FPG)、标准馒头餐后2h血糖(2h PG)、空腹C肽(FC-P)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)于术后各时间点均较术前明显下降(P0.05)。与术前比较,脂代谢相关指标TC、TG、HDL、LDL于术后各时间点均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。48例接受LRYGB的T2DM患者有效率达100%。结论腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术是治疗2型糖尿病的一种安全有效的手术方式,完善的术前评估、围手术期规范化的管理及长期随访是保证手术疗效的关键。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗肥胖症和2型糖尿病

目的 探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术（LRYGB）治疗肥胖症和（或）2型糖尿病的可行性及疗效.方法 对21例单纯性肥胖症及9例2型糖尿病患者施行LRYGB,观察肥胖症患者体质量、BMI、超重体质量减少率（EWL%）改善情况;观察糖尿病患者术后的空腹血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）变化情况;观察全组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复、术后并发症情况.结果 本组30例皆成功完成手术,无中转开放手术者,手术时间110～270（平均168）min.术中出血量10～75（平均24.0）ml.本组21例单纯性肥胖症患者术前体质量及BMI分别为（97.2±15.0）kg和35.3±3.5;术后随访2个月至5年,术后1个月体质量及BMI即显著下降[（85.1±10.1）kg和31.2±2.2,均P〈0.01],至术后2～3年降至最低水平[（66.8±9.2）kg和24.3±1.1],之后维持在此水平;EWL%则相应增高（均P〈0.05）.9例2型糖尿病患者术前空腹血糖及OGTT 2 h血糖分别为（12.6±2.6）mmol/L和（17.8±4.1）mmol/L;术后随访3～8个月,空腹血糖及OGTT2 h血糖均显著下降[（5.9±1.4）mmol/L和（7.8±1.4）mmol/L,均P〈0.05];其中合并肥胖症的4例患者BMI明显降低（P〈0.05）,而5例未合并肥胖症者BMI无明显变化（P〉0.05）.本组30例患者中5例（16.7%）术后出现并发症,其中1例因急性暴发性胰腺炎死亡外,1例因肠系膜裂孔疝致肠梗阻行再次手术治愈,余3例均经保守治疗治愈.结论 LRYGB治疗肥胖症和（或）2型糖尿病手术安全可行,术后近期减重和（或）降糖效果显著.     

腹腔镜胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病效果探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜胃旁路术（LGBP）治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年6月72例2型糖尿病患者行LGBP治疗前后及其随访的临床资料,比较治疗前后糖尿病相关指标的变化和并发症的改善情况。结果72例均顺利完成LGBP,无死亡病例,患者术后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、c肽、糖化血红蛋白、体重指数明显低于术前（P〈0．01）,28例合并有眼底病变、手足麻木等症状的患者中21例有不同程度的改善。随访12个月以上,无远期并发症发生。结论LGBP在治疗2型糖尿病及改善糖尿病并发症方面具有肯定效果。     

脂肪因子在Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病中的研究进展

脂肪因子是脂肪组织分泌的一类活性物质,具有调节人体内血糖平衡等功能.实验证明,Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病后,血浆中脂肪因子的水平会发生改变,其在改善胰岛功能方面具有重要作用.本文就脂肪因子作用途径及Roux-en-Y胃旁路术术后血浆中脂肪因子的水平变化等方面作一综述,以进一步探求手术治疗糖尿病的机制.     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗肥胖症

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB）治疗肥胖症由Wingrove等于1994年首先报告，我们于2004年6月开展了国内第1例此项手术，至2004年8月共完成5例，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y胃空肠转流术治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病14例

目的探讨腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y胃空肠转流术(LRYGB)对肥胖型2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法以14例肥胖型2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,实施LRYGB,观察患者术前及术后体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPBG)、C肽(C-P)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)的变化情况,分析手术预后的相关因素。结果 14例患者手术顺利,均无术中并发症的发生及中转开腹。术后随访3个月。1例出现腹泻,经饮食调整及口服药物改善,术后3月BMI、FBG、2hPBG、HbA1C均较术前明显降低(P<0.05);C-P在术后1个月开始下降,术后3月明显,但术后3个月与术前比较无明显差异(P=0.08)。结论腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃空肠转流术治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病近期疗效明显,远期疗效有待进一步观察研究。     

Roux-en-Y胃转流术对2型糖尿病大鼠血清vaspin表达的影响

目的研究Roux-en-Y胃转流术(RYGB)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的治疗作用,并探讨内脏脂肪组织产生的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(vaspin)在RYGB治疗T2DM机制中的可能作用。方法取造模成功的T2DM大鼠20只和周龄、性别相匹配的正常SD大鼠20只,用随机数字表法将其随机分为T2DM-RYGB组、T2DM-假手术组及RYGB组、假手术组,每组10只。分别于术前及术后第4和8周检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FPG)、血清胰岛素(INS)、血清vaspin水平及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并分析血清vaspin水平与FPG、INS及HOMA-IR的相关性。结果手术前,T2DM-RYGB组与T2DM-假手术组比较以及RYGB组与假手术组比较,FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而T2DM-RYGB组及T2DM-假手术组的FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR均分别明显高于RYGB组(P<0.05)及假手术组(P<0.05)。术后第4周,T2DM-RYGB组FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR较术前下降,除FPG水平(P<0.05)外,其余指标与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第8周,FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR进一步下降,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2DM-假手术组、RYGB组及假手术组组内术前及术后第4周、第8周FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前及手术后第4周、第8周T2DM-RYGB组与T2DM-假手术组血清vaspin水平与其对应血清INS水平、HOMA-IR均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 RYGB对T2DM大鼠具有一定的治疗作用,RYGB后vaspin表达水平降低,胰岛素敏感性改善,这可能是RYGB治疗T2DM的机制之一。     

Proinflammatory Cytokines in Obesity: Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Bypass

BACKGROUND: Obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequently related to a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of obesity and T2DM on the concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors and to study the effect of weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). METHODS: Plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), serum amyloid A (SAA) and sialic acid (SA) were measured in 25 female volunteers. The concentrations of these cytokines were determined in 14 female obese patients before and after weight loss following RYGBP. Additionally, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from 15 females was used to quantify expression levels of MCP-1 and CD68 by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS: Both obese normoglycemic (NG) and T2DM groups exhibited significantly higher MCP-1 (P < 0.05), TNF-alpha (P < 0.01), SAA (P < 0.05) and SA (P < 0.05) concentrations, compared to the lean group. No differences were found between obese NG and obese T2DM subjects. A significant positive correlation was found between body fat percentage (BF) and all inflammatory markers (P < 0.05) studied. MCP-1 expression levels in VAT were upregulated in obese NG (P = 0.008) and obese T2DM (P = 0.032) patients compared to lean subjects, but no additional detrimental effect of T2DM was observed between both obese groups. After weight loss, SAA (P < 0.001) and SA (P < 0.05) concentrations diminished, whereas circulating levels of MCP-1 showed a tendency to decrease (P = 0.093) and TNF-alpha did not change. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels found in obese patients relate mainly to obesity rather than to T2DM. Moreover, surgery-induced weight loss reduces circulating concentrations of key pro-inflammatory factors, which contribute to the improvement in the cardiovascular co-morbidity following excess weight loss.     

腹腔镜胃后、结肠后路胃空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术治疗单纯性肥胖症22例

目的探讨腹腔镜胃旁路手术方式中,胃后路胃空肠吻合手术方式的可行性和临床价值。方法2010年12月～2012年3月,对体重指数（BMI）≥35．0的单纯性肥胖症病例行结肠后腹腔镜胃空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术,随意分组,胃后路径22例,胃前路径38例。对比2组手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间、术后近期并发症发生率,术后6个月体重、BMI、多余体重减除率（EWL％）的差异。结果胃后路组手术时间较胃前路组长[（157．2±9．2）minVS．（144．9±12．1）min,t=-4．127,P=0．000];2组术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后6个月体重、BMI、EWL％差异均无显著性。胃前路组8例（21％）术后出现呕吐等上消化道不全梗阻症状,均在1周内缓解;胃后路组未出现类似并发症（P=0．022）。结论胃后路腹腔镜胃旁路手术是一种可行的术式,相比胃前路术式更符合生理,术后胃肠道近期并发症较少,胃肠道功能恢复较快。     

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbidly Obese Chinese Patients: Learning Curve,Advocacy and Complications

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) involves a combination of both restrictive and mal-absorptive mechanisms and has become the procedure of choice for patients with morbid obesity in Western countries. However, its efficacy remains uncertain in Asian populations. We report our pilot experience with LRYGB in a Chinese population. METHODS: Between August 2005 and February 2007, 100 morbidly obese patients received LRYGB. We evaluated the learning curve for the operation, its efficacy in weight reduction, and its postoperative complications. RESULTS: Surgical time reached a plateau after about 50 cases, decreasing from 216 min for the initial 50 patients to 105 min for the final 50. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open surgery was 2%. The mean percent body mass index loss was 33.9% after 12 months. Twenty-four complications occurred in 18 patients, but most resolved with conservative treatment without mortality. Patients with advanced age (P = 0.04) or hypertension (P = 0.03) were at increased risk for complications leading to prolonged surgical times and hospital stays. The complication rate declined as technical expertise increased. CONCLUSION: In Chinese patients with morbid obesity, LRYGB is promising procedure because of its acceptable learning curve, good efficacy, and low complication rate.     

胃旁路术对非肥胖型2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的影响

目的:观察胃旁路术对非肥胖型2型糖尿病大鼠(GK大鼠)糖代谢的影响.方法:GK大鼠20只,Wistar大鼠10只,随机分为GK手术组、GK假手术组和Wistar假手术组,每组10只;手术组行胃旁路术;测定术前1周及术后第1、2、4、8、12周各组体质量、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平和血清胰岛素(INS)含量.结果:术后12周,GK手术组大鼠体质量由术前的(255.10±21.09)g上升到(364.55±25.73)g,FPG和HbA1c分别由术前的(11.36±1.14)mmol/L和(8.91±0.36)%下降到(8.36±0.62)mmol/L和(6.35±0.46)%,而血清INS由术前(32.76±2.37)μIU/mL上升到(55.14±5.45)μIU/mL.结论:胃旁路术可以明显降低GK大鼠的空腹血糖,改善糖代谢障碍.     

Management of Anastomotic Leaks After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background Anastomotic leaks after bariatric surgery carry high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe our experience of the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass in a single institution. Methods Of 1,200 patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with manual gastrojejunal anastomosis for morbid obesity from January 2002 to January 2007, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients with anastomotic leak. The location of the leak, day of diagnosis, diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, associated complications, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Results Leaks were located as follows: 67.8% in the gastrojejunostomy, 10.2% in the gastric pouch, 3.4% in the excluded stomach, 5.1% in the jejunojejunal anastomosis, 3.4% in the gastrojejunostomy plus pouch, 3.4% in the pouch plus excluded stomach, and 6.8% in undetermined sites. Routine upper gastrointestinal series revealed contrast extravasation in nine patients (15.3%). Leaks were asymptomatic at diagnosis in 29 patients (49.2%). Surgical reintervention was carried out in 23 patients, and conservative treatment was provided in the remaining 36. Transfer to the intensive care unit was required in 11 patients, with five deaths (0.4%). Conclusion In our experience, most anastomotic leaks can be managed with conservative measures alone. In many patients, abdominal drains are effective in the management of leaks, obviating the need for reintervention. Nasoenteral nutrition was effective in the non-operative management of gastrojejunal leaks in patients without signs of systemic toxicity.